GRADE 8 SCIENCE

TOPIC 2.5
TYPES OF REPRODUCTION
MS. KIMBERLY M. CHUA
 LEARNING OBJECTIVE/S
At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction;

2. describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type of
reproduction; and
3. classify organisms if it undergoes sexual or asexual reproduction.
REPRODUCTION

Reproduce means “to make new life”.

It is the process by which organisms

produce offspring.
It enables and ensures the continuity of species,
generation after generation
 TWO TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction

TWO TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

Asexual Reproduction

It refers to the formation of new individuals without

involving sex cells or gametes.
The offspring contain genetic information from only
one parent.
Aside from mutations that occur during replication,
all offspring are identical to the parent and to
one another.
It is performed by many lower forms of organisms.
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Natural Artificial
Budding Spore Binary Fragmentation Vegetative Vegetative
Formation Fission Propagation Propagation
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

BUDDING

A parent organism produces offspring by growing a tiny replica of itself, in a form of an

outgrowth called a bud, on some parts of the body.

After the bud has grown enough, it falls off and becomes an independent and exact copy of the
parent.

Hydra Yeast
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

SPORE FORMATION

These spores are dispersed into the air, where they germinate and create a new individual
under favorable conditions.

Ferns
Bread molds
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

BINARY FISSION

An organism divides into two, after which each half grows into a new organism.

Euglena Paramecium
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

FRAGMENTATION

In this asexual type of reproduction, the parent body, breaks up into several pieces.

The pieces of fragments develop into new organisms.

Sponges Flatworms Sea star

 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

NATURAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

It is the type of reproduction from the plant’s vegetative parts or specialized reproductive structures.
In this process, new plants are produced from the eyes (nodes).

Tuber Runner Corm Rhizome Bulb

New shoots arise New plants arise at the New plants arise from very New plants arise at the New bulbs arise from an
from an auxiliary nodes of a horizontal short thick underground nodes of a horizontal auxiliary bud on very short
bud. stem above the stems with thin scaly robot-like underground stems with thick fleshy
ground. leaves. stem. leaves.
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

It is often faster than growing plants from seeds.

Farmers propagate plants by using a piece of plant material.

Cutting Budding and Grafting Tissue Culture

Leave, stems or roots are Small stems from one plant attached Pieces of tissues from one plant are
cut from one plant, planted to larger stems or roots of another placed on a sterile medium and used
in soil, and used to grow plant. to grow new plants.
new individuals.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Advantages

quick reproduction
does not need a partner
offspring are identical
all offspring are able to produce more offspring;
can produce many offspring at one time

Disadvantages

cannot adapt to a changing environment

no genetic variation (unless mutation occurs)
TWO TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

Sexual Reproduction

It involves the union of gametes; the sperm (or male

gamete) fuses with egg (or female gamete) to form a
fertilized egg or zygote.

Sexual reproduction happens in the sexual organs of

flowering plants, which are contained in the flower.
 STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

POLLINATION

It refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma.
Pollen grains produced by the anther of one plant land on and stick to the stigma of the flower of
another plant.

Self pollination Cross pollination

STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

FERTILIZATION

Once the pollen lands on the sticky, sugary substance

that covers the stigma, a tube-like structure grows
from the stigma and elongates to form the pollen tube.
The ovary swells and ripens to form a fruit, which may
contain one or many seeds.

Inside the seed, a plant embryo awaits growth

 STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

SEED DISPERSAL

Plants have several methods of dispersing seeds: by wind, water, animal, or explosion.

AGENTS OF SEED DISPERSAL

STAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

GERMINATION

When the seed, sometimes with its fruit, lands on

the ground, it breaks through the seed coat and
grows to form a new plant.

Once the plant is above the ground, the plant

begins to grow leaves and produce food by
photosynthesis.
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

FERTILIZATION

It refers to the union of sperm and egg cell of the male and female respectively to produce an offspring.

TYPES OF FERTILIZATION

External Fertilization Internal Fertilization

occurs outside of the body occurs inside of the body

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Advantages
increases genetic variation
offspring is not identical to parent
increases chance of survival in changing environments
requires complex structures

Disadvantages

does require another organism to mate

slow reproduction
 COMPARING TWO TYPES OF REPRODUCTION

Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

It involves single organism. It involves one or two organisms.

There is no production of gametes. Male and female gametes are produced.

There is no fusion of gametes. It involves fusion of gametes.

It produces offspring's that are Offspring will have some characters from
identical to the parent. male and others from female.
There is no genetic variation. There are more chance of genetic variation.
LET’S CLASSIFY SOME ORGANISM!
SDG 5 GENDER EQUIALITY
 LESSON SYNTHESIS
Today, you learned that…
1. Asexual reproduction involves no fertilization and produces offspring
that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual
reproduction is the formation of offspring through the union of
gametes.
2. There are several advantages and disadvantages to both sexual and
asexual reproduction.
3. Animals can reproduce both by sexual as well as asexual means.
Simple animals like Hydra, reproduce asexually by the process of
budding. Some animals like tapeworms can reproduce both
asexually as well as sexually. Higher and more complex animals like
birds and mammals can reproduce only by sexual means.
 REFERENCE

o Hoefnagels, Marielle (2019). Second Edition: General Biology (Books I and II).
McGrawHill Education pages 599 – 561