Name: Sachin Dangol Date: 02-10-2023

Per.: __
IT Essentials v6.0: Introduction to the Personal Computer
Chapter 1: Online Study Questions
Directions: Use the online curriculum in chapter one to answer the following questions.
Curr Question Answer
1.0 Introduction to the PC
1.0.1.1 • How large were 1800 sq ft.
the first
computers?
• What is the Hardware is the physical parts that make up a computer, such as a keyboard and
difference mouse. Software is the programs that run on a computer in order for you to use it
between like system software andf application software
hardware and
software? (Give
a few examples)
1.1 Personal Computer Systems
1.1.1 Cases & Power Supplies
1.1.1.1 • What are four of theFull
formTower
factors
– ATX
forMotherboard
computer cases?
Mid Tower - ATX or Micro ATX Motherboards.
Mini Tower - Micro ATX or Mini ATX Motherboards
Desktop - Micro ATX or Mini ATX Motherboards.
• What are some tower
other words
box
used for a
computer case? system unit
base unit
enclosure
1.1.1.2 • Describe the to convert the main AC to low voltage regulated DC power that
purpose of a is required to power a computer's components
power supply.
• What type of Alternating Current (AC)
current comes
from the wall
socket?
• What type of direct current (DC)
current is used
by the
computer? (it is
a lower voltage)
• What are some ATX
 of the form TFX
factors for
SFX
power supplies?
SFX-L
• What does a it enables the assembly operator to mate quickly and error free
keyed connector
do?
• Label the 20 pin or 24 pin SATA keyed Molex keyed
following
slotted connector connector connector
connectors:

Berg keyed 4-pin to 8-pin 6/8-pin PCLE power

connector auxiliary power connector
connector

• How are keyed These are designed to connect only when they are in the proper
connectors orientation
designed to be
inserted?
• A keyed Molex keyed connector
connector used
to connect to an
optical drive.
• A keyed A Berg keyed connector
connector used
to connect to a
floppy disk drive.
• A newer Serial ATA (SATA) interface
connector used
to connect hard
and optical
drives.
• The main power 20-24
connector for
the
motherboard
has this many
pins:
 • Should cables, no, because you might bend the pins
connectors or
components be
forced to fit?
Why or why
not?
• Complete the following table for power supplies.
Voltage Color Use AT AT ATX12V
X
+12V yellow Disk Drive motors, fans, cooling devices, X X X
and system bus slots
-12V Blue Some types of serial ports; early PROMs X X X
+3.3V Orange most newer CPUs and some type of CPU X X
memory and AGP video cards
+5V red Motherboard, Baby ATA, earlier CPUs, X X X
Mobo Components
-5V White ISA bus cards and early PROMS X X X
0 black Ground X X X
1.1.1.3 • Fill in Unit Measure Description
information (E) Voltage(V) Measure of work required to move a
about the four charge from one location to another.
basic units of
electricity: (I) Ampere (i) a measure of the amount of electric charge
in motion per unit time
(R) Ohms Ω a measurement of resistance between two
(O) points of a conductor
(P) Watts(W) Measure of the work required to move
electrons through a circuit multiplied by
the number of electrons moving through.
(V times I)

• Copy and Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between
describe Ohm’s two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two
Triangle here: points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the
resistance, one arrives at the three mathematical equations
used to describe this relationship such as V=IR
• What should you form factor, efficiency, amperage, protection, and the cables
look for when you're going to need, along with any other features you are
choosing a looking for.
power supply?
• What is the provides a means to select the internal circuit that will match
voltage selection the incoming voltage level
switch used for?
 • Why are power They often contain large capacitors which can store dangerous
supplies voltages even after you've disconnected the mains supply
dangerous?
What should you
avoid? (Hint:
Figure 3)
1.1.2 Internal PC Components
1.1.2.1 • Which backbone the motherboard.
component
allows data to
travel among the
various other
system
components?
• What are some mouse and keyboard
of the major universal serial bus (USB)
components parell port
attached directly CPU chip
to the RAM slots
motherboard?
• What term is Form Factor
used to describe
the size and
shape of the
motherboard
along with the
physical layout
of the different
components and
devices?
• Which chipset Northbridge
controls access
to the RAM and
video card?
• What does the computer's I/O functions, such as USB, audio, the system BIOS,
Southbridge the ISA bus or the LPC bus, the low speed PCI/PCIe bus, the
control? IOAPIC interrupt controller, the SATA storage, the historical
PATA storage, and the NVMe storage.
• Find the Look For Form Factor
following: 6.7in x 6.7in Mini-ITX
8.5 x 7.5 in Flex ATX
Smaller than ATX ITX
footprint
Advanced Extended ATX
Technology
1.1.2.2 • Which CPU(central processing unit)
component is
considered the
brain of the
computer?
 • What is the main LGA socket offers a more durable CPU as the contact pins are
difference on the motherboard socket. On the contrary, PGA socket offers
between the a more durable motherboard as the pins are on the processor
PGA and LGA
• What refers to zero insertion force (ZIF)
the amount of
force needed to
install a CPU into
the
motherboard
socket or slot?
• Which
architecture is
used in most
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set) Pin Grid Array (PGA)
CPU sockets and
processors
today?
1.1.2.3 • What term is Parallel computing
used to describe
multiple pieces
of code
processed
simultaneously?
• What are two megahertz (MHz) gigahertz (GHz)
different
measurement
use for the
speed of a CPU?
• What technique overclocking
is used to make
a processor work
at a faster speed
than its original
specification?
• Type of CPU that Multicore processor
has more than
one core on a
single chip.
• This CPU feature Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
is able to protect
areas of memory
that have OS
system files from
malware.
1.1.2.4 • Why would a To decrease overheating
technician install
a case fan?
• This type of Passive cooling
cooling system
doesn’t require
power to work.
 • What type of Forced air
cooling does a
heatsink and fan
use?
• What type of Passive direct evaporative cooling
cooling uses
evaporative
cooling to carry
heat from the
CPU without a
fan?
1.1.2.5 • What type of RAM ( random access memory)
memory
contains
instructions
directly used by
the CPU and
does not erase
when the
computer is off?
• This type of chip EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
can be rewritten,
but must be
erased with UV
light.
• Another word maskROM (MROM)
used for ROM
that refers to
the software
store on the
chip.
1.1.2.6 • What type of RAM ( random access memory)
volatile memory
is erased when
the computer is
powered off?
• What type of Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM)
RAM is 2x as fast
as SDRAM?
• What type of DDR4
RAM has four
times the max
storage as DDR3
and has
advanced error
correction?
1.1.2.7 • What type of DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM and FB-DIMM DRAM
memory
modules
includes 168-pin,
184-pin and 240-
pin
configurations?
• Which type of Level 1 cache
cache originally
mounted on the
motherboard
has now been
incorporated
into the CPU?
• This is the
fastest type of
RAM and is
typically used for
cache memory.
• What memory
does not check
for errors in
memory?
• This type of
memory does
check for errors.
• This type of RAM
has three
channel s so
three different
modules can be
accessed
simultaneously.
1.1.2.8 • Why are adapter
cards added to
PC’s?
• Fill in the cards connects to multiple hard
to match the disk drives (HDDs) or solid-
description: state drives (SSDs), making
them work as one logical
unit.
connects a computer to a
network using a network
cable.
Sound adapters provide
audio capability.
provide video capability.
 send a video signal to a
computer so that the signal
can be recorded to the
computer hard drive with
Video Capture software.
These connect a computer
to peripheral devices.
connect a computer to
peripheral devices.
connects a computer to a
network using radio
frequencies.
These provide the ability to
watch and record television
signals on a PC by
connecting a cable
television, satellite, or
antenna.
1.1.2.9 • This type of
internal storage
device uses non-
volatile flash
memory to store
data.
• Type of storage
device that has
both a spinning
disc and a flash
memory.
• What units of
measure are
used with large
storage devices?
• What is the data
storage capacity
of a CD?
• What is the data
storage capacity
of a DVD?
1.1.2.10 • This keyed data
cable has seven
conductors and
is used for
internal storage
devices.
• Sketch the ends
of these
different types
of USB Type A Type B Micro B Mini B
Connectors:
 • This new type of
USB Connection
can be plugged
in either
direction.
• Fill in the proper Detects data errors
terms used for a
RAID:
Writes data across multiple
drives
Duplicates data on a second
drive
• Describe the Min #
following RAID Level Drives Description
types (Figure 7) 0
2
Combination of striping and parity
1.1.3 External Ports and Cables
1.1.3.2 • What does hot-
swappable
mean?
• How many
devices can a
single USB port
in a computer
support using
multiple USB
hubs?
• What is the
maximum speed
of high speed
USB 3.1?
• What is the IEEE
1394 standard
also known as?
• What is the
fastest external
connection type
and how fast is
it?
1.1.3.1 • Which connector
has 24 pins for
digital signals
and 4 for analog
signals?
 • This interface
connector is
designed to
connect high-
end graphics
capable PCs and
displays and
supports data up
to 8.64Gb/s.
• This common
digital interface
was designed
specifically for
HD television.
• This interface
technology has
20 pins and can
carry data up to
8.64Gb/s.
• Which interface
is used in the
Thunderbolt
implementations
?
• 15 pin connector
used for analog
video.
• What is the ring
and plug
interface used to
carry analog
video and
audio?
1.1.3.2 • Which 6-pin
mini-DIN
interface is used
with legacy mice
and keyboards?
• This is the most
common
Ethernet
connector in use
today.
• This is probably
the most
common
external
interface used
today.
 • Which two
technologies are
notable because
they are both
hot-swappable?
• What are the Typ Speed Max Length
primary e
differences in 1.1
speed and cable
2.0
length between
USB 1.1, 2.0 and
3.0
3.0?
1.1.3.3 • What is the
difference
between an
adapter and a
converter?
1.1.4 Input and Output Devices
1.1.4.1 • What are the
two most
common input
devices?
• Device which
has the
capability of
attaching two or
more system
units to the
same monitor,
keyboard, and
mouse.
• This input device
uses a pressure-
sensitive
transparent
panel.
• Which input
device is used to
authenticate
users for
employees on
the DOD
networks?
1.1.4.2 • What are the
two most
common output
devices?
• Fill in the main Consists of two polarizing filters with a liquid crystal
solution between.
 types of displays OLED - An Uses a layer of organic material that responds to
based on their organic LED electrical stimulus to emit light allowing each pixel to
descriptions light individually.
Can achieve high levels of brightness, deep black
levels, and a very wide range of colors.
An LCD display that uses LED backlighting to light the
display.
• Which output
device uses a
spinning color
wheel to
produce an
image?
1.1.4.3 • This term is used
for a single dot
on a computer
screen.
• What is the term
used for the
number of times
a second the
screen is
redrawn?
• Which display
standard has an
aspect ratio of
3840x2160?
• This term is used
for the number
of pixels a
monitor actually
has.
• Which monitor
setting refers to
the ration of
light to dark?
1.2 Select Computer Components
1.2.1.1 • This should be
done before
making any
purchases or
upgrades.
1.2.1.2 • What primarily
influences the
selection of the
motherboard?
• What
 components
does a
replacement
motherboard
have to support?
• What must be
compatible with
the CPU?

• What are the

two parts of the
system bus?
• How is processor
speed
measured?
1.2.1.3 • These factors
should be
considered
when choosing a
computer case:

• Why should you

consider the size
of the case fan?
1.2.1.4 • How is the
power in a
supply
measured?
• How do you
determine the
wattage for a
component?
1.2.1.5 • Which type of
architecture do
these two
sockets support?
• Where are the
voltage settings
configured on
the
motherboard?
• What happens
when a
processor
becomes too
hot?
 • What acts as the
path between
the CPU and the
Northbridge
chipset?
• How do you
determine the
frequency of the
CPU?
• What is the
primary
difference
between a 32-bit
and 64-bit
processor?
1.2.1.6 • What is the most
import factor
when choosing
new RAM?
• What is buffered
memory?
1.2.1.7 • Some of the Is there an open expansion slot?
questions to
answer before
buying an What are the customer’s needs?
adapter card:

• What is a
capture card
used for?
• Some of the
factors to
consider when
buying a NIC
1.2.1.8 • These are signs
that customer
HDD is failing:

• Why are SSD

considered
highly reliable?
• How are internal
drives usually
connected to the
motherboard?
• How are
external drives
connected to the
system?
1.2.1.9 • Describe these SD (Secure Designed for use in portable devices such
Common Media Digital) as cameras, MP3 players, and laptops.
 formats. MicroSD

MiniSD

CompactFlash
1.2.1.1 • What do optical
0 drives use to
read data?
• What type of
capability does a
BD-RE optical
drive have?
1.3.1 Specialized Computer Systems
1.3.1.1 • What types of
clients are
standard
computers?
• Where is the
data processed
for a thin client
computer?
1.3.1.2 • What kind of
components
does a CAx
need?
1.3.1.4 • What are some
of the functions Run more than one type of operating system on one
(or reasons) for system, such as Linux and Mac OS X or Windows 7 & 10.
virtual
computing?
Run old applications that aren’t compatible with current
OS.
• These hardware
requirements
are needed for
Virtual
computing.
1.3.1.5 • What can be
used in a gaming
PC to keep it
cool under
heavy loads?
1.3.1.6 • Why do HTPCs
have special
cases and power
supplies?
• What is the
standard video
output for home
theaters?
 • What type of
sound card
would be
needed for a
home theater
PC?
1.4 Chapter Summary