Analysis of simple salt

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Colour: Colour of Colourless Absence of copper, nickel
the salt is noted and manganese salts.
2. Smell: Smell of the No characteristic smell Absence of ammonium or
salt is noted acetate salt
3. Action of heat: No characteristic Absence of ammonium,
A pinch of salt in observation. carbonate, zinc etc.,
the dry test tube is
heated.
4. Flame test:
A pinch of salt is No characteristic coloured Absence of calcium,
taken in a watch flame. barium & strontium salts.
glass and made into
a paste with Conc.
HCl. Introduce the
paste into luminous
part of the flame.
5. Ash test:
To the pinch of salt Pink coloured ash. Maz be presence of
taken in a test tube, Magnesium salt.
few drops of cobalt
nitrate solution is
added. A filter
paper is soaked
into the solution
and burn it until it
turns into ash.
Dry tests:
1. Dil HCl test: To the No brisk effervescence is Absence of carbonate.
pinch of salt taken seen.
in a test tube, few
drops of Dil. HCl is
added.
2. Conc. H2SO4 test: Colourless gas which Presence of Chloride.
To the pinch of salt gives dense white fumes
taken in a test tube, with a glass rod dipped in
few drops of Conc. ammonium hydroxide is
H2SO4 is added and formed.
heated slightly.
3. MnO2 test: To a Greenish yellow gas Presence of chloride.
pinch of a salt in which turns starch iodide
the test tube add paper blue is formed.
half a pinch of
MnO2 and then add
few drops of conc.
H2SO4 and heat.
 4. Chromyl chloride
test: To the pinch
of salt taken in a
test tube, a pinch of
potassium Yellow orange vapours.
dichromate and few
drops of Conc. Presence of chloride is
H2SO4 is added and confirmed.
then heated gently.

The vapours are

allowed to pass
through a solution Yellow precipitate is
containing NaOH, formed.
dil. Acetic acid and
lead acetate
solution.
5. Copper turning No red brown fumes. Absence of nitrate.
test: To the pinch
of salt taken in a
test tube, add
copper turnings and
Conc. H2SO4 and
heated.
6. Ferric chloride test: No red precipitation. Absence of acetate.
To the pinch of salt
taken in a test tube,
add few ml of
neutral ferric
chloride solution
and heated.
7. Ester test: To a No characteristic Absence of acetate.
pinch of salt add observation.
few mL of ethyl
alcohol and few
drops of conc.
H2SO4 and warm
heat it gently.

Preparation of original salt solution (OS): To a pinch of salt taken in a test tube add
20 mL of distilled
water and shaken well.

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Silver nitrate test: Curdy white precipitate Presence of chloride is
which is soluble in excess confirmed.
 To a part of OS, of ammonium hydroxide
add few drops of solution is obtained.
silver nitrate
solution.
2. Barium chloride No characteristic Absence of sulphate.
test: To a part of observation.
OS add BaCl2
solution.
3. Lead acetate test: No characteristic Absence of sulphate.
To a part of OS, observation.
add lead acetate
solution.
4. Brown ring test: To No characteristic Absence of nitrate.
a part of OS, add observation.
twice the part of
freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate
solution and then
add Conc.
Sulphuric acid
slowly along the
inner sides of the
test tube.
5. To the part of OS, No characteristic Absence of phosphate.
add Conc. HNO3 in observation.
excess and allow it
to boil until all the
vapours get
evolved. Then cool
the content slowly
and add ammonium
molybdate reagent.
6. To the part of OS, No characteristic Absence of phosphate.
add dil. HCl and observation.
heat and cool it.
Then add magnesia
mixture to the
content.

Basic radical Analysis - Group Analysis

1. Zero Group radical: No characteristic Absence of zero group
To a pinch of salt observation. radical – Ammonium.
taken in a test tube,
few drops NaOH
solution is added
and heated.
 2. To a part of OS, No White precipitate. Absence of I group radical
add dil. HCl. – Lead.
3. To a part of OS, No black precipitate. Absence of II group
add dil. HCl and radical – Copper.
YAS solution.
4. To a part of OS, No gelatinous white Absence of III group
add NH4Cl and precipitate. radical – Aluminium
NH4OH solution.
5. To a part of OS, No characteristic Absence of IV group
add NH4Cl, precipitate. radicals.
NH4OH and YAS
solution.
6. To a part of OS, No White precipitate. Absence of V group
add NH4Cl, radicals.-(Ba, Sr, Ca)
NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3
solutions.
7. To a part of OS, White precipitate. Presence of VI group
add NH4Cl, radical - Mg.
NH4OH in slight
excess and
(NH4)3PO4
solution. And then
rub the test inner
side of the test tube
with a glass rod.

Confirmatory test: For Magnesium radical:

Experiment Observation Inference
To a part of OS add Blue colour precipitate is Presence of Magnesium
Magneson reagent and formed. radical is confirmed.
NaOH.

Result:
1. The given acid radical is chloride.
2. The given basic radical is magnesium.
3. So, the given simple salt is magnesium chloride.