Lab Report Template

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
EDUCATION
G/F Criminology Academic Building
VSU Tolosa, Tanghas, Tolosa, Leyte 6503
Contact No.: 0917 630 7511
Email Address: tolosa.dcf@vsu.edu.ph
Name: Angeles, Jefferson N.

Subject: Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology
Instructor: Ms. Aira Anibail Llevado
Activity No. 3
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
I. OBJECTIVE(S)
1. Identify mechanisms by which blood patterns are created;

2. Measure the length and width of bloodstains;
3. Describe the relationship between stain diameter and dropping height;
4. Create and interpret transfer patterns;
5. Calculate the impact angle of bloodstains;
6. Describe the effect of various velocities or force to blood spatter, and;
7. Describe how the s
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II. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
Effect of Dropping a Distance on Stain Diameter
Bloodstain Photo Diameter
10cm 4mm
50cm 7mm
1m 8mm
2m 10mm
Transfer Patterns
Object Photo Bloodstain Pattern
1. Knife
2. Screwdriver
3. Hammer
4. Fork
5. Sponge
Angle of Impact
Bloodstain Photo Length Width Angle of Impact
90˚ 1cm 1cm 90˚
60˚ 3cm 0.5cm 9.6˚
45˚ 1.2cm 0.5cm 24.6˚
30˚ 1.1cm 0.5cm 27˚
10˚ 0.9cm 0.8cm 62.7˚
Surface Texture
Photo Suface Type Height Diameter
Drop#1 Bondpaper 3inches
Drop#2 Folder 23inches
Drop#3 Cloth 30inches
Drop#4 Plastic 54inches
Drop#5 Tiles 60inches
Surface #1:
- Surface number 1’s edges were run down the as it dried, so it has this
bulging edges like it as a lump on its sides
Surface #2:
- Surface 2 has this spikes on its edges, so it means that the impact of the
droplet was fast and the surface has its sandy layer
Surface #3:
- Surface number 3 has its edges like it has little lumps, so basically the
cloth absorbed the droplet.
Surface #4:
- The surface of number 4 is so smooth that the droplet just slides to its
center of gravity. So the edge is smooth and the texture of the droplet is
just bulging
Surface #5
- Lastly, surface 5 has the texture of both smooth and sandy texture which
gives the stain’s edge a spiky smooth edges.
Graph:
Blood Spatter Evidence at Various Velocities/Forces
III. DISCUSSION
- Blood on the surface of an object or a body transfers to a new area or

surface, resulting in contact bloodstain patterns. Due to a stationary
transmission, or sort of mirror image, the contact pattern still
resembles the original bloodied object. Assuming defined surface
characteristics, stain diameter will increase with increased drop
volume at any given distance of fall. Without first knowing the drop's
volume, it is impossible to determine the height from which a blood
drop came. Transfer stains are caused by objects contacting
bloodstains already present and leaving behind wipes, swipes, or
pattern transfers, such as a bloody shoe print or a smear from
dragging a body. We can determine the blood spatter's direction of
travel by looking at its tail. The spatter will break up into many small,
rounded drops if the surface is hard, smooth, and flat, such as tile. By
examining the shape of the stain, a detective can determine the
direction that the blood was flowing when it struck the object.
Because a bloodstain's pointed end points in the direction it travels, it
is easier to determine a stain's direction as it becomes more elliptical.
Blood drop's angle of impact is the angle at which it makes contact
with a surface. The position of the blood source is indicated in two
dimensions by the area of convergence, which is created by the
intersections created by lines drawn through the long axes of
individual stains. Take the arcsine value of the droplet's width and
divide it by the splatter's length to determine the angle of impact. The
size and shape of the bloodstain pattern are influenced by the
roughness of the target surface on which a blood drop lands. Softer,
porous surfaces will result in splatter stains that are scalloped or have
rough edges while hard, non-porous surfaces will produce circular
stain patterns with smooth edges. These forensic specialists are
taught to carefully excavate and document their search. They record
the discovery of artifacts (evidence) such as weapons, human
remains, and other buried objects that may be pertinent to the
criminal event.
IV. CONCLUSION
- Bloodstain pattern analysis offers crucial forensic details about the

crime being investigated; it narrates what took place. Bloodstain
patterns fall into a number of different types, each of which reveals a
different aspect of the crime scene.
Answers to Guide Questions

1. What is the first step in characterizing a bloodstain?
- The crime scene must first be examined macroscopically (with the
unaided eye) in order to characterize a bloodstain pattern. Usually, the
place where the fight first broke out is close to where there is the least
amount of blood visible at the scene.
2. What does a medium-velocity bloodstain look like?

- For instance, someone being struck with a baseball bat. For medium
velocity blood spatter, the force of the blood striking a surface ranges from
5 to 100 feet per second. Because of this, the blood clots have smaller
diameters and resemble sprays more.
3. What type of objects might cause wounds with low, medium, and high
impact patterns?
- Gunshot Spatter: High-velocity spatter is a common side effect of gunshot
wounds. When the bullet enters the body, enough force is applied to the
wound to cause fine aerosol spatter to form.
- A force of five to one hundred feet per second results in a medium velocity
splatter. An intense beating or blunt force, such as a baseball bat, may
result in this kind of splatter. Typically, this form of splatter doesn't extend
over four millimeters. This kind of spatter may also be caused by a stab
wound.
- Low velocity spatters are typically four to eight millimeters in size and are
frequently caused by blood dripping after a victim has been stabbed or, in
some cases, punched. For instance, low-velocity blood drops are left
behind when a victim of a stabbing walks around while bleeding.
4. In bloodstain pattern analysis, what is indicated by avoiding?

- Bloodstains are classified into three basic types: passive stains, transfer
stains and projected or impact stains.
5. If you were studying a bloodstain on a flat surface, what are the shapes
of droplets you will observe? What do they indicate?
- Two main stain shapes—round and elliptic—are seen when patterns are
studied on flat target surfaces. Round stains show that the droplet struck
the surface at a 90° angle, either falling straight down when it hit horizontal
surfaces or moving perpendicularly when it hit vertical surfaces.
REFERENCES:
Thompson, B. F. and Thompson, R. B. 2012. Illustrated Guide to Home Forensic

Science Experiments. 1st ed. O’Reilly Media, Inc. Canada.
Siegel, J. A. (2016). Forensic Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, 1st ed. John
Wiley &Sons, Ltd, UK.
MFRC Blood Pattern Analysis Videos. (n.d.) Retrieved from

https://alvideo.ameslab.gov/archive/bpa-videos/
Documentation
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JEFFERSON N. ANGELES
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COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Name: Angeles, Jefferson N.

1. Identify mechanisms by which blood patterns are created;

Effect of Dropping a Distance on Stain Diameter

Bloodstain Photo Diameter

Object Photo Bloodstain Pattern

Bloodstain Photo Length Width Angle of Impact

90˚ 1cm 1cm 90˚

60˚ 3cm 0.5cm 9.6˚

45˚ 1.2cm 0.5cm 24.6˚

30˚ 1.1cm 0.5cm 27˚

10˚ 0.9cm 0.8cm 62.7˚

Photo Suface Type Height Diameter

Drop#1 Bondpaper 3inches

Drop#2 Folder 23inches

Drop#3 Cloth 30inches

Drop#4 Plastic 54inches

- Blood on the surface of an object or a body transfers to a new area or

- Bloodstain pattern analysis offers crucial forensic details about the

Answers to Guide Questions

2. What does a medium-velocity bloodstain look like?

4. In bloodstain pattern analysis, what is indicated by avoiding?

Thompson, B. F. and Thompson, R. B. 2012. Illustrated Guide to Home Forensic

MFRC Blood Pattern Analysis Videos. (n.d.) Retrieved from

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