COVID - 19

Glossary
1 convalescence [ˌkɒnvəˈlesns] n одужання
2 chills n озноб
3 confirmed case підтверджений випадок
4 communicable [kəˈmjuːnɪkəbl] adj інфекційний
5 contagious [kənˈteɪdʒəs] adj заразний
6 contain the transmission контролювати поширення вірусу
7 cough [kɒf] n кашель
8 droplet n крапелька
9 discharge n виділення
10 distancing n дистанціювання
11 epidemic n епідемія
12 fever n жар, гарячка
13 flatten the curve вирівняти криву (про рівень
захворюваності на графіках)
14 herd/ community immunity колективний/ гуртовий імунітет
15 host n носій
16 immunocompromised adj з ослабленою імунною системою
17 lockdown n сувора ізоляція
18 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease = коров’ячий сказ
mad cow disease
19 familial mediterranean fever сімейна середземноморська лихоманка
20 novel adj новий, який раніше не існував
21 pandemic n пандемія
22 preventive measures профілактичні заходи
23 PPE (personal protective засоби індивідуального захисту
equipment) (masks, face shields, (маски, захисні щитки, рукавички,
gloves, gowns) халати)
24 outbreak n спалах
25 quarantine [ˈkwɒrəntiːn] n карантин
26 rabies n сказ
27 sanitiser n дезінфікуючий засіб
28 self-isolation n самоізоляція
29 spike [spaɪk] n шип, зубець, вістря, пік
30 strain n штам
31 test positive/negative for covid- мати позитивний/негативний
19 результат аналізу на covid-19
32 transmit v передавати
33 transmission n поширення, передача
34 trial n випробування
35 WHO – the world health ВООЗ – Всесвітня організація охорони
organisation – ˌ[dʌbljuː eɪtʃ ˈəʊ] здоров'я
36 zoonotic [ˌzuːəˈnɒtɪk] adj зоонозний
Exercise 1. Coronavirus has led to an explosion of new words and phrases.
Match the neologisms with their meanings:
1 COVID - 19 A divorces filed as a result of a couple’s experience
during COVID-19
2 covidiot B someone whose job is to make sure people are
obeying the rules of physical distancing in places
such as shops, libraries etc.
3 coronials, C often used as a playful or ironic way to refer
quaranteens, to COVID-19, especially when commenting on more
coronababies relatable, humorous challenges of social distancing
during the pandemic
4 covidivorce D an infectious disease caused by coronavirus that
emerged in China in December 2019
5 zoom-bombing E to refresh your feeds constantly for the latest news
about the pandemic
6 doom-scrolling F when uninvited guests to a virtual meeting disrupt it
with various violent or offensive images or words
7 space marshal G a blend of ‘COVID-19’ and ‘idiot’, a slang insult for
someone who disregards health and safety guidelines
about the novel coronavirus
8 coronapocalypse H corona armageddon
9 coronageddon I work from home
10 rona, J babies being conceived while people are cooped up
miss rona or at home during the coronavirus. When these babies
aunt rona get older, they will become the ‘quaranteens’, a pun
on ‘quarantine’ and ‘teen(ager)’
11 quaranteam K an unspecified day because of lockdown’s
disorientating effect on time
12 zumping L coronavirus-compelled staycations (holidays that you
take at home or near your home rather than travelling
to another place), due to cancelled classes and shifts
13 coronacation M a blend of ‘dump’ and ‘Zoom’ (the popular video
service). It is when you break up with someone over
a video conferencing service
14 blursday N a very limited group of people you see during self-
isolation
15 WFH O corona apocalypse

Exercise 2. Match the following headings with proper paragraphs of the text on
the next page:
1. Transmission routes 5. The origin of coronaviruses
2. Preventive measures 6. Testing for the virus
3. Treatment guidelines 7. What is COVID-19?
4. The vaccine 8. Signs and symptoms
 COVID-19
1. _______
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause illnesses
ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the
name given to a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in
humans. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the name of an infectious disease
caused by a newly discovered coronavirus that emerged in China in December 2019.
The coronavirus' crown-like spikes give the virus family its name.

2. _______
All available evidence for COVID-19 suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has a
zoonotic source. Zoonotic diseases are illnesses or infections that humans catch from
animals. Well-known zoonoses include bubonic plague, COVID-19 and Creutzfeldt-
Jakob disease (mad cow disease).
Bats are considered to be natural hosts of coronaviruses, though several other
species of animals are also known to act as sources.

3. _______
While animals are believed to be the original source, the virus is spreading
from person to person now. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets
of saliva or discharge from the nose when a sick person coughs or sneezes. The virus
can survive on different surfaces from several hours (copper, cardboard) up to a few
days (plastic and stainless steel). However, the amount of viable virus declines over
time and is not always present in sufficient numbers to cause infection.

4. _______
COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. On average, it takes 5–6
days to develop the symptoms. In the majority of cases infected people develop mild
to moderate symptoms and recover without hospitalization. Older people and those
with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic
respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Most
common symptoms are fever, dry cough and tiredness. Less common symptoms
include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, aches and pains, sore throat, nasal congestion,
runny nose, headache, loss of taste or smell, a rash on skin or discolouration of
fingers or toes. Severe symptoms lead to shortness of breath, difficulty breathing,
chest pain or pressure, loss of speech or movement. COVID-19 can cause death.

5. _______
The best way to prevent and slow down the transmission is to protect yourself
and others from infection. Prevention involves frequent hand-washing, coughing into
the bend of your elbow, staying home when you are sick and wearing a mask if you
cannot practise physical distancing.
6. _______
If a person notices any symptoms of COVID-19 or has been in contact with an
infected individual, he or she should contact their GP in order to be tested. There are
two kinds of tests available for COVID-19: viral tests and antibody tests. A viral
test tells you if you have a current infection, while an antibody test might tell you if
you had a past infection. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) may process samples taken
from the nose or throat with a long swab so as to produce coloured lines to indicate
positive or negative results.
7. _______
Currently, no medication is recommended to treat COVID-19. Researchers are
testing a variety of possible treatments. The antiviral drug ‘remdesivir’ is used to treat
COVID-19. The corticosteroid ‘dexamethasone’ is recommended for people with
severe COVID-19 who require supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation.
Supportive care is aimed at relieving symptoms and may include: pain relievers
(ibuprofen or acetaminophen), cough syrup, fluid intake and rest.
8. _______
Researchers around the world are developing more than 165 vaccines against
the coronavirus, and 32 vaccines are in human trials. Vaccines typically require years
of research and testing before reaching the clinic, but scientists are racing to produce
a safe and effective vaccine by next year.

Exercise 3. Answer the following questions. Do not hesitate to share any data
that are relevant to the topic discussed:
1. What does SARS-CoV-2 stand for?
2. When was the first case of COVID-19 recorded?
3. What are zoonotic diseases?
4. How does COVID-19 spread?
5. How long can the virus survive on different surfaces?
6. What symptoms are experienced by people infected with the virus?
7. What factors can exacerbate the condition of a patient?
8. What preventive measures should be taken to stop the spread of the virus?
9. What assays are available to test patients for COVID-19?
10. What drugs are used to treat COVID patients?

Exercise 4. The words in the left column might resemble, however, they have a
completely different meaning. Match these terms with their definitions:

1. epidemic A is an epidemic that’s spread over multiple countries or

continents
2. pandemic B especially of a disease or a condition, regularly found and
very common among a particular group or in a particular area
3. endemic C is a greater-than-anticipated increase in the number of endemic
cases. If it’s not quickly controlled, it can become an epidemic
4. outbreak D a large number of cases of a particular disease or medical
condition happening at the same time in a particular community
Exercise 5. Match the synonyms:

1 sharp A to appear
2 to exacerbate B olfactory
3 communicable C contagious
4 to restrict D to deteriorate
5 spread E transmission
6 rash F to exasperate
7 pain G ache
8 to worsen H to slow down
9 to emerge I acute
10 recovery J sign
11 symptom K convalescence
12 taste L eruption
13 smell M gustatory
14 to decelerate N to restrain

Exercise 6. Match the words to make collocations:

1 common A period
2 mucus-producing B source
3 dry C fever
4 low-grade D plague
5 preventive E trials
6 bubonic F cold
7 to flatten G nose
8 original H cough
9 runny I the curve
10 incubation J cough
11 aches and K transmission
12 human L measures
13 human-to-human M pains