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ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ
ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ
ﻭﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻐﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺼﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﻁﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ
ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ .ﺘـﺸﻴﺭ ﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ ﻫـﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ % 100ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻷﻗل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔـﺴﻔﺎﺕ
ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻴﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ:
C Mg = 0.01M,C Na PO = 0.1M
3 4
ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ pH>10ﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ .27±20C
91
...ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ
Received 04/11/2008
Accepted 12/05/2009
ABSTRACT
The variations of the yield of removing Mg+2 ions with PO4--- have been
studied as a function to time, pH and temperature at different concentrations of
Na3 PO4 and Mg+2, aiming to remove the excess hardness of accompanied water
at Al-Omar's field by using Trisodium phosphate. The results of the research
show that at C = 0.01M,C = 0.1M , the percentage of magnesium
Mg Na3PO4
precipitated is almost 100% with the minimum concentration of phosphate,
when mixing time is one hour, pH>10 and T=27±2 oC.
92
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ
ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺔ )ﺤل( ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺽ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺕ،
ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺴﻴﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ( ] .[1ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺤﺎل ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ CaCO3ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ:
CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O ↔ Ca 2+ + 2HCO 3−
ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ Ca2+ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ Mg2+ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨـﺎﺕ ﺒﻌـﺩ
ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ Na+ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻭﺘﺎﺴﻴﻭﻡ K+ﻤﻥ ﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ
ﺼﻔﹼﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻭل( ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎ ،micasﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠـﺒﺱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺩﺴﺒﺎﺕ ) feldspath
gypseﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺭﻴﺕ ) pyriteﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺩ( .ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔـﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠـﻭﺭ ،ﻓﻴﺄﺘﻴـﺎﻥ ﻤـﻥ
ﺍﻷﺒﺎﺘﻴﺕ .apatiteﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ،ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻜﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺤﻤـﺽ-
ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤـﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ
ﻭﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ )ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺴﻴﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ( .ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ،ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺒﺔ
ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ CO2ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ.
ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﻓـﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺤﺎﺭ .ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺨـﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ
ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ،ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ،[2] Opsitoﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ bicarbonatesﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴـﺔ
ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ .ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻭﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ
ﻤﻥ ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ Ca2+
ﻭ .Mg2+ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟـﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤـﺴﺔ
ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ.
ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻗﺴﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ hardness of natural waterﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺤﻼل ﻓﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺤﺎﻭﻴـﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ] .[3ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ ،ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻭﻕ
ﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ supersaturatedﺒﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﻤﺔ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻨﺤـﻼل ﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺯﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ .ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ،ﺘﹸﻌﺯﻯ ﻗﺴﺎﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺘﻔـﻭﻕ ﺤـ ﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﹰﺎ ﻤـﻥ
ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ :ﺒﻴﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ،ﻜﻠﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ] .[3ﺃﻤﺎ
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ) SiO2(sﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ،ﻭﻜـﺫﻟﻙ ﻤـﻥ
ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻟـ Kaoliniteﻭ Illiteﻭ.Montmorillonite
93
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻤﻊ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ،ﻭﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﻤـﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ )ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺤـﻭﺍﺽ
ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻓﻴﺔ( ﻭﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺽ )ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺘﺤﻘﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺽ( ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ .ﻴﻤﺭﺭ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﻓﻕ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺞ :ﻨﻔﻁ /ﻏﺎﺯ/ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻟﻔﺼل ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ
ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ،ﻭﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻗﺒل ﻁﺭﺤﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ].[4][5
ﺘﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ .ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ
ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠـﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻀﻴﻔﺕ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ ﺃﻀـﻴﻔﺕ
ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋﺏ ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺸﻔﻴﺔ.
ﻻ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻤـﺎ ﻴـﺴﻤﻰ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻑ ﻭﺼـﻭ ﹰ
ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ )ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ .(300 pptﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ،ﺘﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﻤﻠﻭﺤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ )ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ .[6] (35 ppt
ﺘﻌ ﺩ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ،ﻤﻴﺎﻫﹰﺎ ﻋﺴﺭﺓ hard waterﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﻟـﻰ
ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟـﺴﻴﻭﻡ Ca2+ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴـﻭﻡ . Mg2+ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻠـﺔ
Ca(HCO3)2ﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻠﺔ Mg(HCO3)2ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘـﺎﺕ
ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﻥ :ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ Cd2+ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻠﺔ .MgSO4ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ،ﻓﺈ
ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ Hg2+ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﹰﺎ ﻗﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺕ .ﻭﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ،ﻓـﺈﻥ
ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ) (Mg2+,Ca2+ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ،ﻭﻤﻥ
ﺜﻡ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺭﺍﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻲ ﺃﺒﺎﺘﻴﺕ hydroxyl apatiteﻭﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴـﻭﻡ
Trimagnesium phosphateﺴﻴﺠﺭﻑ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺌﺒﻕ .ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴـﺯ ﻫـﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺴﺏ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﺒﻌﺜﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺤﺭﺸﻔﻲ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ.
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ،ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌـﺴﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ
ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟـ Ca2+ﻭﺍﻟـ Mg2+ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ Na3PO4ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ
ﺒﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ:
Ca 5 (OH)(PO 4 ) 3
⎯5Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 + 4Na 3 PO 4 ⎯H
⎯
2O
→ )+ 10NaHCO 3 + Na 2 HPO 4 ..........(1
hydroxyapatite
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ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺒﻴﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل .ﻭﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ،ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ،ﻭﻜﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ،ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺭﺓ ﺒﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ].[7
ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ
ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺭﺡ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ،
ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻠﻭﻴﺙ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻬـﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ،
ﺽ ﺸﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ .ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ،ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﺭﺍ ٍ
ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻗﺎﺤﻠﺔ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺯﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤـﺎﺌﻲ
ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ .ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﺴﻴﺴﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺘﻨﻘﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺩﻭﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺠـل ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ
ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺎﻟﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ .ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠـﺯﺀ
ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺇﺯﺍﻟـﺔ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟـﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴـﻭﻡ
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻟﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒـﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟـﺯﻭﺭ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ
ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ.
ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﻁﺭﺍﺌﻘﻪ
ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ
ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻻﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻱ ﻜل ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴـل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺤﻤﺽ ﺍﻵﺯﻭﺕ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ 0.5mol/lﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻨﻊ ﺸـﺭﻜﺔ
:MERCK
Zn(NO3)2 ،Ni(NO3)2 ،Co(NO3)2 ،Fe(NO3)3ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ،1000±2 mg/l
NH4VO3ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ،1001±5 mg/lﺃﻤﺎ Cd(NO3)2ﻓﻬـﻭ ﺫﻭ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ 1001±2
،mg/lﻭ Cu(NO3)2ﺫﻭ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ .999±2 mg/l
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻬﻲ،HClO4 (70.72%) ،MgCl2.6H2O :
) NH4Cl.24H2O ،NH4OH (25%ﻭﻤﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﺭﻭﻜﺭﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻨﻊ
ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ،MERCKﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ :ﻓﻬﻲ Na2Y.2H2O ،LiOH.H2O ،Na3PO4.12H2O
) (EDTAﻤﻥ ﺼﻨﻊ .BDH
ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻁﻴﺭ ﻟﺤل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ.
ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ
ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘـﺼﺭﻴﻑ
ﻟﺨﺯﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﺒﻁﺭﻁـﻭﺱ .ﺤـﺩﺩ ﻤﺤﺘـﻭﻯ
95
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﻭﻻﺭﻭﻏﺭﺍﻑ ] [8ﻤـﻥ ﻨـﻭﻉ 797 VA
Computraceﺼﻨﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ Metrohmﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـﺭ Cu ،Zn ،Mn ،Ni ،Co ،Fe
ﻓﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ A-A 6800ﻤﻥ ﺸـﺭﻜﺔ Shimadzu
ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ )ﻫﻭﺍﺀ – ﺃﺴﺘﻴﻠﻴﻥ( ﺃﻤﺎ V ،Siﻓﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺏ )ﻨﺘﺭﻭﺯ – ﺃﺴﺘﻴﻠﻴﻥ( ،ﺤﻴﺙ
ﻗﻴﺴﺕ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ
ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺩﺃ ،ﺃﻤـﺎ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨـﺎﺕ NH4+ ، NO2- ،SO42- ،PO43-
ﺤﻠﻠﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻴﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ Optima SP3000ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻊ ].[9 ﻓ
ﺤﻀﺭﺕ ﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﺏ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ،Na3PO4.12H2Oﻭﺤـﻀﺭﺕ ﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴـل
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ .MgCl2.6H2Oﺤﺼل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺘـﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠـﻭﺏ ﻓـﻲ ﺩﺭﺠـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺤﺎﻟﻴل ﻤﻥ CClO4ﻭ LiOHﻭﻗﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ 744 PH Meterﻤـﻥ
ﺼﻨﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ Metrohmﺨﹸﻠﻁ 5ﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﻊ 0.5
ﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ Na3PO4.12H2Oﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺎﺒﻴـﺏ
ﺴﻌﺔ 15ﻤل ﻤﺼﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﻟﻲ ﺇﻴﺘﻴﻠﻴﻥ ،ﺜﻡ ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺜﻔﻴل ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺴـﺭﻋﺔ
3500ﺩﻭﺭﺓ/ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ .ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻟــ Ethylene Diamine Tetra ،EDTA
Acetic Acidﺤﺩﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ] ،[9ﻭﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﻴﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ
ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ . Na3PO4.12H2O
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ
-1ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒـﺩﻴﺭ
ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺏ ﻁﺭﻁﻭﺱ:
ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) (1ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻵﺒﺎﺭ GSAﻭGSB
ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺯﺍﻨﻴﻥ ) 1ﻭ (2ﻓﻲ ﻭ GSCﻓﻲ ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﺒﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺭ ،ﻓﻀ ﹰ
ﻤﺼﺏ ﻁﺭﻁﻭﺱ )ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺯﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻗﺒل ﺩﺨﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﺎﺓ( ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ.
ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) (1ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘل ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭ ﻭ ﻤﻥ
ﻤﺼﺏ ﻁﺭﻁﻭﺱ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻔﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻭﺓ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ] ،[3ﻜﻤـﺎ
ﺃﻥ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴـﺩ ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﻁﺭﹰﺍ ﺠﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀـﻲ
ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺘﻠﻭﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻭﻴﺨﺭﺠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻡ ،ﻓﻀ ﹰ
ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻨﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺕ.
96
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
97
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
0.005M Mg2+
80
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
)t(min
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (1ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠـﻁ ﻋﻨـﺩ
ﻭ . CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5 × 10−2 M,10−1M C = 5 ×10−3M
Na3PO4
100 0.0005M Mg2+
0.005M Mg2+
80
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
)t(min
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (2ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠـﻁ
ﻋﻨﺩ C Na PO = 10 −2 Mﻭ . CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M
3 4
98
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
0.005M Mg2+
80
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60 0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
)t (min
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (3ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠـﻁ ﻋﻨـﺩ
C Naﻭ . CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M = 5 × 10 − 2 M
3 PO 4
100
0.0005M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
)t(min
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (4ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴـﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠـﻁ
C Naﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M = 0.1M ﻋﻨﺩ
3 PO 4
99
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
100
0.0005M Mg2+
0.005M Mg2+
80
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60 0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
)t (min
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (5ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﺯﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠـﻁ ﻋﻨـﺩ
Cﻭ . CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M
Na 3 PO 4 = 0.5M
ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ) (5-1ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ
ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺒﻌﺸﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘـﺔ
.C = 5 × 10− 4 M,10− 3 M
ﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ
Mg 2 +
ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒﹰﺎ %100ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻷﻗل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔـﺴﻔﺎﺕ
ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ 10-2Mﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ 10-1Mﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ
ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺃﻋﻅﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ،ﺒﻌﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻗﺼﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ ﺴـﺎﻋﺔ
ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ،ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ،ﻓﻘـﺩ ﺘﺒـﻴﻥ
ﻟـ Montastrucﻭﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ] [10ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﻤﻭﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻴﻜﻴـﹰﺎ
ﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل Ca3(PO4)2ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﺼﺎﻫﺎ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ،ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻭﻴـل
ﻜل ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺘﻲ .ﻭﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ Basakcilardam-
Kabakciﻭﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ ] [11ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﻔﻴﻑ ﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ.
ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴـﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ :27±2 oC
ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ) (10-5ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ
ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ .27±2 oC
100
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
100
0.0005M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
2.04 3.67 6.41 10.74
pH
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (6ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ
CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M C Na PO = 5 × 10 −3 Mﻭﻋﻨﺩ
3 4
ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
100
0.0005M Mg2+
90 0.001M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
1.77 5.59 9.3 10.63
pH
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (7ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ
C Na PO = 10 −2 Mﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1Mﻭﻋﻨــ
ـﺩ
3 4
ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
101
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
100
0.0005M Mg2+
90 0.001M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60 0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
2 3.59 7.3 10.57
pH
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (8ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ
C Na PO = 5 × 10 −2 Mﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1Mﻭﻋﻨﺩ
3 4
ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
100
0.0005M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
2.6 3.85 8.7 10.6
pH
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (9ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻨـﺩ
C Mg = 5.10.
−4 −3 −3 −2 −2 −1 Cﻭ −1
Na 3PO 4 = 10
M,10 M,5.10 M,10 M,5.10 M,10 M M
102
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
100
0.0005M Mg2+
90 0.001M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
1.75 4.9 9.29 11.26
pH
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (10ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ
−1
C Na PO = 5 × 10 Mﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M
3 4
ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻀﺢ ،ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ) (10-5ﺃﻥ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ Mg3(PO4)2ﻴـﺯﺩﺍﺩ
ﺒﺎﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﻗـﻴﻡ ﺍﻟــ pHﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻟﻘـﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔـﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻔـﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﺜـل
−3 −2 −2
C Na 3PO 4 = 5 × 10 ,10 ,5 × 10ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒـﺭ ﻋـﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ
.C ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ = 5 ×10 −4 M,10 −3 M
Mg 2+
ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﻥ ،ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ OH-
ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻔﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺸﻜل .[12] Mg3(PO4)2ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ،ﻓﻴﻘﺭﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤـﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴـﻴﺏ ﺒﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻟﻬﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺅﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﺯﺩﻴـﺎﺩ
ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺸﻜﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﺩﺭﻭﻜـﺴﻴﺩﻱ ] .[13ﺃﻤـﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ
C Na 3PO 4 = 0.1M,0.5Mﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ pH>3.85ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ
ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻱ.
ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴـﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴـﺔ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ :pH>10
ﺘﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ) (15-11ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴـﻭﻡ
ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ . pH>10
103
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
100
0.0005M Mg2+
0.005M Mg2+
80
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60 0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
40 50 60 70 80
0
) T(c
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (11ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ
−3 M
C Na PO = 5 × 10ﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M
3 4
ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
100
0.0005M Mg2+
90 0.001M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
40 50 60 70 80
o
) T(c
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (12ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ
ـﺩ
ﻭﻋﻨـ −2
C Na POﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M = 10 M
3 4
ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
104
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
100
0.0005M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
40 50 60 70 80
o
) T(c
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (13ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ
−2
C Na POﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M = 5 × 10 M
3 4
ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
100
0.0005M Mg2+
90 0.001M Mg2+
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
60
0.1M Mg2+
Y%
50
40
30
20
10
0
40 50 60 70 80
o
) T(c
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (14ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ
C Na PO = 10 −1 Mﻭ CMg = 5 × 10− 4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1Mﻭﻋﻨﺩ
3 4
ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
105
ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ...
0.005M Mg2+
80
0.01M Mg2+
70
0.05M Mg2+
50
40
30
20
10
0
40 50 60 70 80
0
) T(c
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ) (15ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨـﺩ
−1
C Na PO = 5 × 10 Mﻭ CMg = 5 × 10−4 M,10−3 M,5× 10−3 M,10−2 M,5× 10−2 M,10−1M
3 4
ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﺩﺘﻪ 60ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.
ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ) (15-11ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻁﻔﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ
ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ )ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﻌﺒـﺭ ﻋـﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴـﻭﻡ
( Cﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ Na3PO4 2 + = 5 × 10 −4 M,10 −3 M
Mg
ﺃﺼﻐﺭﻴﹰﺎ ) .(10-2M,5×10-3M
ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺯﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ ﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤـﺎ
ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﺸـﺒﺎﻉ ،saturation indexﻓﻘـﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﻁﺎﻉ Songﻭﺁﺨـﺭﻭﻥ ]،[14
ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻲ ،PHREEQCﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺨﻁﻴـﺔ ﺘـﺭﺒﻁ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ .ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ،ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ
ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ Songﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺴﺘﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ
ﻤﻊ ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺘﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ
ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ.
106
ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ) (25ـ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ـ 2009
ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ،ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻠـﻴﺹ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻵﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻼﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ
ﻴﺠﻌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺁﺨﺭ ،ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔـﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﻋـﻀﻭﻴﺔ
ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻠﺏ ،ﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺤﺘـﺎﺝ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩﺍﺕ
ﻭﻁﺎﻗﺔ .ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﻤﺜل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺩﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ
ﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟـ
ﻻ ﻭﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ،ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘـﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤـﻭﺍﺩ pHﻓﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻗل ﺍﻨﺤﻼ ﹰ
ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺩﺓ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ.
ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻗﺎﺤﻠـﺔ،
ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺴﻴـﺴﻬﻡ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺘﻨﻘﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘـﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ
ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻬﻡ ﻓـﻲ
ﻤﻨﻊ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ
ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺨﺼﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﺔ.
ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺒـﹰﺎ %100
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻷﻗل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺒﺎﻟﻔـﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻴﻭﺍﻓـﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ
ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘـﻭﺍﺯﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓـﻕ C = 0.01M, C Na PO = 0.1M
Mg 3 4
ﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺃﻋﻅﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﺼﺎﻫﺎ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ،
ﻭﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ،ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ 10ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻟﻡ
ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ.
ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ) (15-1ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﺫﻭﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴـﻭﻡ
، Cﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼﻐﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻷﺴـﺎﺱ، = 5 ×10 −4 M,10 −3 M
Mg 2+
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻤﻴﺔ.
ﻨﻨﺼﺢ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻜل ،ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻨـﺎﺩﻴﻭﻡ
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻤﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ
ﺯﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﻤﻭﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ.
107
...ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺨﻲ ﻭﻏﻔﺭ ـ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺃﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺯﻴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ
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