R.A.

N Public School
MODEL UNITED NATIONS
Perseverance conquers all

UNITED NATIONS
SECURITY COUNCIL

AGENDA: “Deliberation on Taliban invasion in

Afghanistan
Table of contents

•Letter from the executive board

•Introduction to UNSC

•History of the Invasions

•Current Situation

•Past Resolutions

• Further reading suggestion

• Reccomended Subagendas
 LETTER FROM THE
EXECUTIVE BOARD:

Dear Delegates ,It is our immense pleasure to welcome you all

to the United Nations General Assembly (UNSC) being
simulated at the R.A.N. PUBLIC SCHOOL Model United
Nations'2023
We recommend all delegates go through the background
guide to get an idea about the agenda, the committee, the
timeline as well as a basic idea about the powers dynamic and
your portfolio's relevance.

Do not consider this guide as a sole research medium. Kindly

note that the background guide is just for providing a brief
understanding of the agenda and only entails some of the key
topics which the Executive Board feels are important. Delegates
are encouraged to not limit their research to the background
guide and are expected to explore further aspects of the
agenda.
 LETTER FROM THE
EXECUTIVE BOARD:

In the end, our biggest hope as the executive board of

this committee is that all of you will come out of this
experience a little less scared and a little more confident -
as that is what Model United Nations has done for us. At
last, our expectation as the executive board of this
committee is that this session of the Assembly concludes
with enhancing your public speaking skills while also
helping you evolve as a 'MUNer'. So, step into this
committee with your best foot x forward, with the goal of
conducting yourself diplomatically, lobbying with other
delegates to come to a common consensus, devising
comprehensive resolutions, and making the most of this
opportunity.

Best Regards
INTRODUCTION
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was established on June 26, 1945,
with the primary aim of maintaining international peace and security. It is one of
the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), and it holds the responsibility
of deciding on global issues concerning peace and security. The UNSC is
comprised of 15 members, five of which are permanent; China, the United States,
Russia, France, and the United Kingdom, and ten non-permanent members
elected for two-year terms.
The UNSC has various important powers to deal with the matters concerning
peace and security. It has the authority to impose sanctions, authorize
peacekeeping missions, and authorize military actions. The council provides an
opportunity for all member states to come together to address international
security concerns in a democratic and peaceful manner. The council also
maintains a standing committee on expected humanitarian situations, which
provides a platform to discuss and take action against issues such as refugee
crises, famines, and natural disasters.
However, despite the numerous efforts of the UNSC, it has been criticized for its
inability on several occasions to prevent conflicts and maintain peace. Many
have argued that the council is too reliant on the will of the permanent members,
leaving other members with limited power and influence. Nevertheless, the
council remains a crucial entity in the global arena and continues to strive
towards fulfilling its mandate of maintaining international peace and security.
HISTORY
The history of Afghanistan is one of conflict and instability. The country has
been invaded and occupied numerous times throughout its history, by
British, Russian, and American forces. The Soviet Union’s invasion of
Afghanistan in 1979 led to a 10-year-long war, which ultimately ended with
the collapse of the Soviet Union. Following the withdrawal of Soviet forces,
Afghanistan fell into a state of civil war, which ultimately paved the way
for the rise of the Taliban.
The Taliban movement emerged in Afghanistan in the 1990s, during a time
of civil war and instability. The group was initially welcomed by the Afghan
people, who saw them as a means of bringing stability to the country.
However, the Taliban’s strict interpretation of Islamic law and their harsh
treatment of women and minorities soon led to widespread disapproval both
at home and abroad. In 2001, following the September 11th attacks on the
United States, the US led a coalition of forces into Afghanistan to remove
the Taliban from power.
Today, Afghanistan continues to face significant challenges. The Taliban
have regained strength in recent years, and the country remains one of the
poorest and most violent in the world. However, there are also signs of
hope. Afghanistan has seen significant progress in terms of economic
development and democracy, and the Afghan people continue to work
towards a more peaceful and prosperous future. Despite this progress,
however, the country’s history of conflict and instability means that the
road ahead will continue to be a difficult one.
CURRENT SITUATION

The end of the large-scale conflict in Afghanistan in 2021 led to an

improvement in the overall security situation and a marked reduction in
civilian casualties, enabling humanitarian access to all provinces, including
many areas which had been inaccessible for decades. At the same time,
many challenges remain, particularly for women and girls, including
widespread food insecurity, soaring inflation and high economic instability
exacerbated by sanctions and loss of aid, limited livelihoods, and more
frequent and severe climate shocks. UNHCR has recorded over 1 million
IDPs who have already voluntarily returned since the end of the conflict
and an estimated 60,000 refugee returnees and 680,000 IDP returnees
are anticipated in 2023. UNHCR will continue to deliver on its scaled-up
response, focusing on the provision of cash assistance, core relief items
and shelter while continuing to support community- and area-based
investments in Priority Areas of Return and Reintegration (PARRs).
While the situation inside Afghanistan remains fluid, the inter-agency
Refugee Response Plan (RRP) will continue in 2023 in the Islamic Republics
of Iran and Pakistan and in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
CURRENT SITUATION

UNHCR will maintain an inclusive and collaborative approach to leading and

coordinating the plan, which grew from 11 partners in 2021 to 40 in 2022.
Building on the capacities and expertise of affected populations to act as
first responders, the plan will respond to the needs of Afghans and host
communities in line with the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees. Efforts
will also continue to strengthen essential facilities and services in PARRs to
support durable solutions and create conducive conditions for the
sustainable reintegration of returnees. The Islamic Republics of Iran and
Pakistan have hosted Afghan refugees for over four decades and continue
to generously host more than 2 million registered refugees from previous
waves of displacement, and a further 5 million Afghans of varying statuses.
UNHCR will support host governments in their efforts to include Afghans in
the provision of national services such as health and education while
supporting refugee-hosting communities. UNHCR will also look for ways in
which social safety nets can improve Afghans’ resilience and advance
durable solutions.
Past Resolutions

In the early 2000s, the international community adopted a number of resolutions

aimed at addressing the crisis in Afghanistan, particularly in relation to the
Taliban insurgency. One of the main resolutions was the establishment of a
government of national unity in Afghanistan, which was supposed to bring
together the various ethnic groups and factions in the country. This was
achieved in 2004 with the election of Hamid Karzai as president. However, the
government remained weak and the Taliban insurgency continued to gain
strength.
Another key resolution was the establishment of a NATO-led International
Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan in 2001. The primary mission of
the ISAF was to provide security and assistance to the Afghan government and
its people. However, the ISAF also faced numerous challenges, including the
resurgence of the Taliban and increasing violence in the country. The ISAF was
eventually replaced by a non-combat NATO mission in 2015.
The United Nations also established a number of resolutions aimed at promoting
peace and stability in Afghanistan. These included resolutions on human rights,
drug trafficking, and reconciliation with the Taliban. In particular, the UN
Security Council adopted Resolution 1988 in 2011, which called for the
establishment of an Afghan-led peace process with the Taliban. Despite these
efforts, the situation in Afghanistan remains fragile and the Taliban continues to
pose a significant threat to the security and stability of the country.
Further Reading
suggestion
Reading
recommendations:
Security Council Condemns Decision by Taliban to Ban Afghan Women
from Working for United Nations in Afghanistan, Unanimously Adopting
Resolution 2681 (2023)

Security Council Extends Mandate of Special Political Mission in

Afghanistan, Requests Independent Assessment of In-Country Efforts,
Adopting Two Texts

With Highest Number of Violent Conflicts Since Second World War, United
Nations Must Rethink Efforts to Achieve, Sustain Peace, Speakers Tell Security
Council

UN Delegation Led by Deputy Secretary-General Calls upon Afghanistan’s De

Facto Taliban Authorities to Reverse Course on Recent Decrees Limiting Women’s,
Girls’ Rights
SUBAGENDAS

Taliban's infringement on human rights

The relationship between the Taliban and other

terrorist groups

Special emphasis on Taliban's atrocities on women

The invasion's impact on global peace

Is US withdrawal justified?

Can there be a peaceful and stable restoration of a

democratic Afghanistan?