EMBEDDED BASED

EMISSION-FREE VEHICLE
WITH SOLAR CHARGING
Guided by~ done by~
SHAHEEL HAMEED Z
HOD/ECE HARI PRASATH G - 730218106301
MOHAMED YUSUF K - 730218106008

SUGAIL MUSHRAF S - 730218106016

MOHAMED APRITH ZIHAN S - 730218106006
 INTRODUCTION
• The main aim of the project is how to design a simple, cost effective
model of electrical bicycle with intelligent control system.
• The system design is based on mechanically coupling a dc motor as
the primary power source to drive the bicycle.
• E-bikes use rechargeable batteries and the lighter varieties can
travel up to 25 to 32 km/h per charge.
• It compromises with design and fabrication of Electric Bike which
makes use of Electric energy as the primary source from batteries
and solar energy by attaching solar panels.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
• Urban Electric Bike : In this paper, authors considered importance of easy vehicle
mobility and compactness. In which they revealed that folding is the strategic feature of
the e- bike which would not have been probable devoid of the folding arms.
• Design of Electric Bike with Higher Efficiency : From this paper it can be found that
they are focused on the improvement of efficiency of E-bike. Generally, the speed of E-
bike is in the range of 40-45 km/hr. at maximum. So, there they increase the speed of E-
bike and design the aerodynamic shape in such a way that the efficiency of E-bike is
improved.
• Design, Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Solar Power Bicycle : In this
paper, authors carried the selections of different components of E-bike. Determination of
Battery: Two Li-ion Battery storing with 12 V and 12 amp-hour rating are kept in use. The
variety of battery relies upon its voltage, ampere and wattage rating and so forth. The
whole energy of totally charged battery in two hours is 288 Watt-hours.
 EXISTING METHOD
• In the Existing System, there are
many developments in the field of
Electric Bikes.
• Existing system consists of a
Speed Controller, PMDC motor, E-
Throttle and batteries.
• Most of them are developing a
electric bike with the normal
specification and they are charged
by the AC adapters only.
 DRAWBACK OF EXISTING METHOD
• The cost of the e-bike is higher as nearby to the cost of motorcycle.

• While pedaling the motor does not perform any task

• The battery is only charged by the power supply.

• It is difficult to pedal up a hill if it run out of battery power

 PROPOSED METHOD
• Here we are going to use a Brushless DC motor with 250 watts
power and torque is 7.96 Nm and the motor runs on 24 volts.
• The motor runs on 24 volts and this motor can reach a peak current
during starting equal to 15 amps.
• The motor and the other components like Speed Controller, E-Brake,
E-Throttle, Headlights are powered by the 24V batteries as well as
the batteries are also charged by using solar panels.
• Then the overall system is controlled by the E-Bike Speed controller
and all the other components like Throttle, Braking were connected
to this controller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
TECHNOLOGY IN PROPOSED METHOD
•
Speed Controller, Battery, Solar Panel and other accessories.
• It compromises with design and fabrication of electric bike
which makes use of electric energy as the primary source from
batteries and solar energy by attaching solar panel.
• Electric bicycles that have been developed with the use of solar
panels operate well.
• The solar panels that are assembled can charge the battery in 9
hours 33 minutes with a current of 1.2A.
 BLDC MOTOR
• The two common types of hub
motors used in electric bicycles are
brushed and brushless.
• There are many possible types of
Direct drive and geared motors
units are both used.
• The specifications are as follows:
Rated voltage: 24v
Rated current: 10.4 amp
Rated power: 250w
RPM: 300rpm
SPEED CONTROLLER
• Brushless motor controllers
uses Pulse Width
Modulation(PWM) to control the
speed of the DC motor.
• The microcontroller we used
here is UPD79F9211. It is a 16-
Bit controller. It has 16KB of
Program Memory.
• It has 44 Pins and comes with
Quad Flat Package(QFP).
• Different types of controllers
are used for brushed and
brushless motors.
BATTERY
• E-bikes use rechargeable
batteries, electric motors and
some form of control.
• Battery systems in use include
sealed Lead-Acid Battery,
Nickel-Cadmium Battery,
Lithium-Ion battery.
• Batteries vary according to the
voltage required, total charge
capacity, weight, the number
charging cycles and ability to
handle over-voltage charging
conditions.
SOLAR PANEL
• The solar panel is a module consisting
of several solar cells that are
combined and connected in series and
parallel depending on the size and
capacity required.
• Solar Controller is one of the
components in the solar power
generation system, which functions as
a regulator of electric current both for
the incoming current from the Solar
Panel and the outgoing load current.
• Controller helps to keep the battery
from overcharging.
THROTTLE
• Throttle for 24 V, 250W electric
bicycle is a twist grip accelerator.
It is connected to the motor
controller.

• It is used as input to control

motors.

• It features linear control over

Electric bicycle motor and lets us
to change the speed of the vehicle
according to the requirement.
TORQUE CALCULATION

As the BLDC motor is being used with 250watt power and 300 rpm with 24 volts
and current rating of 10.4 amps. Motor can be reaching a peak current during
starting equal to 12 amperes.

Here, 9.5488 is constant. It comes from dividing 60

seconds/ 2pi.

Torque (Nm.) = 9.5488 X Power (kW) / Speed (RPM)

Torque (Nm.) = 9.5488 X 250 W /300 RPM

T=7.96 Nm of Torque is Generated

POWER CALCULATION
The BLDC motor is being used is 250watt power

1 kiloWatt (kW) = 1.341 horsepower (hp).

So, we are used a 250Watt BLDC motor.

Therefore, 250W = 0.250KW

Number of HP = KW * 1.341

Number of HP = 0.250W * 1.341

Number of HP = 0.33 HP
E-BICYCLE RESULTS
Measurement of Speed and Distance of Electric Bicycles

Initial Current Rider Max Distance Time

S. Battery (Ampere) Weight Speed (Km) (mins)
No Condition (Kg) (Km/h)
s
1 Full 5.8 50 20 5 15
Battery

2 Full 7.2 55 20 3 12
Battery
3 Full 8.7 67 20 1 5
Battery
E-BICYCLE SPEED MEASUREMENT
Measurement of Motor Speed (RPM) with respect to applied DC voltage (V)
VOLTAGE APPLIED SPEED (RPM)
(V)
40 4.2

90 9.2

130 14

180 19

220 23

270 28

310 32
SOLAR CHARGING TEST
Measurement of Battery Charging Time using Solar Panel
S. Battery Initial Battery Time to full battery Current Climatic
No Charging Conditions charging (Ampere) Conditions
Source
1 Solar Panel Low Battery Around 9 hours 1.2A Sun is shining

2 Solar Panel Low Battery Around 14 hours 0.8A Cloudy

3 AC Power Low Battery Around 6 hours 1.9A NA

APPLICATION OF PROPOSED METHOD

• Assisted biking

• Fitness

• Eco-Friendly

• Easy to Ride
CONCLUSION
• This work was developed with the intent to project and build an
electrically assisted bicycle adapted to the metropolis environment.

• It is a concept designed to create a better and versatile alternative to

be used as mean of transportation in urban scenarios.

• Electric bike is a modification of the existing cycle by using electric

energy and also solar energy if solar panels are provided, that would
sum up to increase in energy production.

• The Operating cost per/km is very less and with the help of solar
panel it can lessen up more. Since it has fewer components, it can be
easily dismantled to small components, thus requiring less
maintenance.
REFERENCE
1. Anita Soni, Krishna Kumar, “Application of BLDC Motor In E-bike ", International Journal of
Engineering Sciences & Research technology, RESEARCH ID, 2017.
2. M. Sathya Prakash, “Design and Fabrication of Self Charging Electric Vehicle” Department of
Thermal Engineering, Pannai College of Engineering &Technology Sivagangai, India Vol 8. No.1 –
Jan-March 2016.
3. Rahul, Sunikshita Katoach, Ranjit Kumar Bindal, “Design and Implementation of Smart Electric Bike
Eco-Friendly, Volume-8, Issue- 6S4, April 2019.
4. Rupesh H Patil, Mrunalni E Raut, Harshada R Zunjarao, Ashish B Padwal, “DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND
FABRICATION OF E-BIKE ", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6,
Issue 2, 2019.
5. Sunikshita katoch, Rahul, Ranjit Kumar Bindal, “Design and Implementation of smart electric bike
eco-friendly", International Journal of Innovative technology and Exploring Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue
6S4, 2019.
6. S. I. Brand, N. Ertugrul, W. L. Soong, “Investigation of an Electric Assisted Bicycle and Determination
of Performance.
Thank You