2/7/2023 Chuong 1. Gi6i thigu chung vé van tai KHAI NIEM 4)Khai nigm. + Van tai la hoat dong kinh té c6 muc dich cia con ngudi nham thay di vi tricia hang hod va con ngudi tr noi nay dén nude khac bang cac phuong tién van tai. + Van chuyén hang hod, xét theo quan diém quan tr logistics, la sy di trong khéng gian bang strc nue hay phuong tién van2/7/2023 DAC DiEM CUA HOAT DONG VAN CHUYEN HANG HOA * Dich vy van chuyén hang hod cé tinh v6 hinh béi ngwai ta khéng thé nhin thay dug, khong cam nhan dug, khéng nghe thay duge... trvoc Khi mua no. Nguoi ta khong thé biét true dug la chuyén hang dé c6 duge van. chuyén dung lich trinh hay khéng, co dam bao an toan hay khong, va 6 dén ding dia diém hay khéng... cho tan toi khi nhan duge hang. + Dich vy van chuyén khéng thé Iuu kho dugc. Nhu cau vé van chuyén hang hoa thuong dao déng rat Ion. Trong thdi ki cao diém (cac mua mua sam thi don vi van ‘ai i co nhigu ghuong tién hon gap bdi dé dam bao phe wy. Nau fa khi vang khdch van phai ton cdc chi phi co ban hau hao tai san, duy tu bao dung phyopg tién, chi whi quan Ii, v.v. Tinh kh6ng lwu gid? duge cla dich vy van chuyén khién nha quan tri can than trong khi thué don vj van tai cam ket dung chat lugng dich vy vao mua cao diém va khai thac co’ hdi gidm gia vao mua thap diém. MOI QUAN HE GiC’A VAN TAI VA GIAO NHAN TRONG LOGISTICS TOAN CAU ‘Kho nha eung ing xuat cana nhap Kho nawdi mua sip Ganabién.sén | | Canabién san ‘bay. Nha ga... bay, nha ga.. *D3 hang xuéng Béng gét bao bi sDarhang xubng || Kibm adm Chat hang len Thi tychai quan | | cing : phuong tién van | | Xép hang xuéna | | -Kiém aém Lap oat chuyén noi dia eng “Thi tuc hat quan *xép hang en hang nhep phuong tign van =xép hang len {aingosithuong | | phuwong ten van chuyén ‘GIAO ‘GIAO NHAN (GIAO NHAN GIAO NHAN aia = <<] Noi dia Ngoat thong Nol dia2/7/2023 VAI TRO VA Vj TRI CUA VAN CHUYEN 2)Vai tro va vi tri. + Mét hé théng van chuyén chi phi thdp va nang d6ng sé gop phan nang cao nang luc canh tranh quéc gia trén thi trvéng toan cau, tang tinh hiéu qua ca san xuat va gidm gia ca hang hoa. + Van tai l& hoat déng khéng thé thiéu trong moi td chic. Hoat dong vgn t-kinl chuyén hang hod dug vi nhu soi chi lién két cdc tac nghiép san xu: Ih doanh tai cdc dia ban khac nhau cia doanh nghiép. VAI TRO VA Vi TRI CUA VAN CHUYEN H@ théng vén chuyén cua doanh ngigp CUNCCAPNYL = LUUTRUNVL —SANXUAT —LUUTRUSP THI TRUONG Dichwéy —_Dichuyéw Dichuyény Vanchuyen —Vanchuyén Vanchuyén (Cung cip phung tin vat chat Phin phot sin phim vat chet ‘Quen y aguyen vat hu2/7/2023 PHAN LOAI VAN CHUYEN «Phan loai theo dac trung con dué'ng /loai phuong tién van tai “Phan loai theo kha nang phdi hp cac phuong tién van tai Phan loai theo dac trung con du@ng/loai phuong tién van tai 1)Bueng sat (railway) * Duong sat c6 chi phi cé dinh cao (tau, nha ga, bén bai) va chi phi bién déi thdp. + Thydng thich hgp voi cdc loai hang c6 trong lvgng I6n, khéi lwgng van chuyén nhiéu, va oy li van chuyén dai. Vi dy cdc nguyén vat liu nh than, gd, hoa chat * Mat han ché clia van chuyén dung sat la kém linh hoat.2/7/2023 Phan loai theo dac trung con du@ng/loai phuong tién van tai 2)Dueng thuy (waterway) + Bueng thuy cé6 chi phi cé dinh trung binh (tau thuy va thiét bj trén tau) va chi phi bién doi thap (1/6 so voi van tai hang khong; 1/3 so voi duong ‘sdt;1/2 so vol dudng b6). + Thich hgp véi nhiing thi hang céng kénh, Iau héng, gia tr thap (vat liéu xay dyng, than da, cao su) va hang dé roi (ca phé, gao), trén cac tuyén dur6ng trung binh va dai.Phan loai theo dac trwng con dwong/loai phuong tién van tai + han ché la t6c d6 cham, chiu anh hung nhiéu clia thoi tiét va cdc tuyén dong van chuyén (phu thudc vao mang lui séng ngdi va bén bai). + tinh linh hoat ciia van chuyén duo thuy khéng cao, mirc dé tiép can thap. Phan loai theo dac trung con dwongj/loai phuong tién van tai + Hign nay cé khoang hon 50% gia tri tinh bang tién va 80% khéi lvong hang giao dich trén toan cau la str dung dudng thuy. 2/7/20232/7/2023 Phan loai theo dac trwng con dwong/loai phuong tién van tai 3)Bweng bé (motorway) + Duong bé 6 chi phi cé dinh thp (6 td) va chi phi bién déi trung binh (nhién liéu, lao dong, va bao duéng phuong tién).. * tinh co G6ng va tinh tién loi cao, c6 thé dén dug moi noi, moi ché, voi lich trinh van chuyén rat linh hoat. + Phuong thie van chuyén nay thc su la m6t bd phan quan trong cia mang Iu6i logistics cla nhiéu doanh nghiép vi kha nang dap tng yéu cdu ctia khach hang mot cach higu qua.2/7/2023 Phan loai theo dac trung con dwéng/loai phwong tién van tai 4)Bwéng hang khéng (airway) + Chi phi cé dinh cao (may bay, va hé théng diéu hanh) va chi phi bién déi cao (nhién liéu, lao d6ng, siva chira bao hanh). + Co t6c d6 nhanh nhat, an toan hang hoa tot, + thuéng chi thich hyp voi nhieng mat hang mau héng, gon nhe, c6 gia tri lon, nhat la khi c6 yéu cau van chuyén gap. Phan loai theo dac trung con du@ng/loai phuong tién van tai + Dich vy tuong déi linh hoat, 6 tinh co dong cao,2/7/2023 Phan loai theo dac trung con du@ng/loai phuwong tién van tai 5)Duéng éng (pipelines) + chi phi cé dinh rat cao va chi phi bién ddi thdp nhat. + Thuong dung dé van chuyén chat léng va khi hoa long (xang dau, gas, hoa chat). + Chi phi van hanh khéng dang ké (rat it chi phi lao déng), va gan nhu- khéng c6 hao hut trén duong, ngoai trv trong hop dudng éng bi vo hoac ror * Cho toi nay thi van chuyén bang duong 6ng mdi chi rat gidi han béi chi phi dau tu ban dau rat lon va thiét ké phic tap Phan loai theo dac trung con duong/loai phuong tién van tai ‘THE DRUZHEA PIPELINE niaPhan loai theo kha nang phoi hop cac phuwong tign van tai Van chuyén don phuong thtrc Van chuyén da phuong thitc Phan loai theo dac trung con dudng/loai phuong tién van tai Xép hang dc diém cila cac con duréng van chuyén hang hoa 2/7/2023 Duong Cie chi tiéu siit Duong thuy Duong bp Duong hang khong Duong = & Toe d6 Tinh lién tue Dé tin cay Ning lye van chuyén Tinh linh hoat Chi phi BPRS aa Diém tong hyp “xép hang: 1 1 6th, nhanh ahd, va 6 nnd 6 fa i nha, cham nnd va at mnt 10