DPS INTERNATIONAL, GHANA

CLASS: IV M
CHAPTER 1

TERM 1
SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES (GEOGRAPHY) DATE:

TOPIC: Improving the environment

Chapter 1.2 (Rubbish and litter)
NOTES. (Classwork)
1. Define the following:
A. Rubbish: Rubbish is any unwanted waste material which is generated during various day to day
activities. It is anything we do not want or need.

B. Litter: Litter is any rubbish we do not put in a bin or recycle.

C. Landfill sites: Landfill sites are the places for the disposal of waste materials. Old stone quarries and
sand gravel pits are often used as landfill sites.

D. Global warming: This is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to
greenhouse effect or emission of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbonmono-oxide (CO), Methane
(CH4), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) etc.

E. Waste management: Waste management refers to the activities and actions required to manage the
proper disposal of waste to prevent our environment from its long term harmful effects.

2. List any two harmful effects of landfill sites.

Ans. 1. Birds, flies, rats, insects etc. feed on the landfill sites and spread germs.
2. Landfill sites produce large quantities of poisonous gases such as methane which results in
global warming.

3. List some harmful effects of litter ( Why is litter dangerous ?)

1. It looks nasty and spoils the environment.
2. It can carry germs which make people and animals sick.
3. Broken glasses and sharp objects can cut animals feet.
 4. Plastic bags can choke animals like sheep, goat, cattle and camels when feeding on the grass.

(Homework /Assignment)
Activity: Carry out a litter survey in or near your house
a. Write a list of all the items of litter you find.
b. Which is the most common item of litter in your house?
c. Which of the items of litter will eventually rot away and which will not?