LOINOIDAU ‘TW khi ra dai dén nay, dong co d6t trong ludn gitt mOt vai trd quan trong trong cud s6ng. N6 1a nguén dong lyc cho hdu hét céc phuong ti¢n giao thong van tai va cde nha méy, xi nghiep. Ben canh 46, trong nhing nam gén day, cing véi sy phét trién cia nén kinh tf quéc dan, nganh giao thong van tai cing c4c nganh cong nghiép khic c6 sy phat trién khong ngimg. SO lugng c4c phuong tién giao thong van tai & nuéc ta da dang va tiép tuc tang Ién mot céch nhanh chéng. Do vay nhu cu vé viéc khai théc sit dung dong co d6t trong ngay mot gia tang. CuGn bai gidng Tinh todn va thiét k€ cdc h¢ th6ng trén dong co dét trong nhim mye dich cung cép cho sinh vién nganh Co khi n6i chung va chuyén nganh May dong luc n6i riéng nhiing kién thitc co ban phuc vu cho viéc tinh todn thiét ké méi dong co hay tinh todn cai tin cdc dong co hién c6 theo diing dinh huéng vé viéc ting cudng noi dia hod cia nganh © t6 xe méy cia Chinh phi. Cu6n séch duge hoan thanh trén co sé tap hop nhiing kién thttc da duge gidng day, céc tai ligu tham khao trong va ngoai nuéc cing véi viéc cap nhat nhiing kién thttc méi cia chuyén nganh May dong luc. Ching t6i xin chan thanh c4m on tap thé cin bd gidng day BO mon My dong luc, Khoa Co khi, Trutng Dai hoc Giao thong van tai da déng g6p cho viéc hoan thanh cu6n bai gidng nay. Rat mong duge sy quan tam g6p ¥ cia ban doc va cdc ban déng nghiép. Xin tran trong cém on nhiing ¥ kin déng g6p cita céc ban dé tai liéu cé thé hon chinh hon. Clic ¥ kién déng gop xin duge giti vé BO mon May dong luc, Khoa Co khi, ‘Tring Dai hoc Giao thong van tai. Dugc quét bang CamScannerPh4n mé dau TONG QUAN VE THIET x46, TINH TOAN BONG CO 1. Mé dau. Tinh tosn, thiét ké dong co dét trong (DCBT) bao g6m tinh togn thiét kE méi va thit ké ci tin (hay kiém nghigm) dong co hign c6. Tinh todn thiét ké méi 1a viec am phitc tap, ddi héi ngudi thiét ké phai o6 nhiéu sng to cA vé nguyén ly lam vige va két cfu, Phuong phép nay chi duge 4p dung d6i v6i céc vién, phdng nghién ctu chuyen nganh dong co Ién & cfc nuée cOng nghiép phét trién. ‘Thiet ké cdi tién duge tién hanh nhim myc tiéu hoan chinh vé mat két cfu va cdi thién cfc tinh nang kinh t€ ky thugt cia dong co. Hign nay phuong phép thiét ké cdi tién (hay kiém nghiém) dong co hién c6 1a huéng di phd hgp va kinh t€ hon cd. Mot mit, chting ta cé thé ké thita nhiing két qua nghién cifu cla cdc nha khoa hoc, cfc co so nghién cifu tién tién trén thé gi6i, mat khdc trén co s& nhiing két qua c6 duge ching ta 6 thé tin hanh diéu chinh céc thong s6 cita dong co’sao cho phi hyp véi diéu kien khai thc & Viet nam. Trong noi dung chong trinh vé sau sé chi trinh bay phuong phép thiét ké cai tién (hay kiém nghiém) dong co hién 6. 2. Trinh ty thiét ké 2.1 Xéc dinh diéu kién kj thudt Vige thiét ké DCDT dua trén nhiém vu thiét ké, Trong nhiém vu thiét ké cin neu 16 nhiing yéu cu ky thuat co ban cia dong co thiét ké, bao gdm mot s6 diém chinh sau: a. Cong dung ciia dng co: tuy thudc vao cong dung hay muc dich sit dung dong co sau nay ma nha thiét ké sé c6 co sé dé lua chon kiéu loai dng co phi hop. Dong co 6 tO may kéo, dong co sit dung trén déu méy, trén tau thuy hay ding lam méy phét dién ...m6i loai déu c6 dac thi riéng va cé yeu cdu riéng vé két cu va c4c thong s6 lam viée cia dong ca, vi vay day dugc coi 1a yéu cdu ddu tién va quan trong nhat dé lua chon huéng thiét ké va cdc thong s6 cia dong co. b. Cong sudt dong co c. Tc d vong quay cha dong co 4d. Kiéu loai dong co va loai nhién ligu sit dung 2.2 Thiét ké so b6 . i dot Dé tin hanh thiét ke’ so bo dong co céin tién hanh bai toén tinh nhiet dong 7 name Dugc quét bang CamScanner19 9 PTI UVOY YUN WPS o¥q (LAI) BuoM AQp os Hue sn wy rt m 1G) Bu01 " : INP 09 Buop gx 19 we op ow 1 09 DNOG NYOLHNIL G4 LYTHL 9A NyqD ONOY ~ gp pu uy -_— trong 8 xéc dinh céc thong s6 chi thj va cé ch. Két qua tinh nhiét cfn duge thé hign bang 46 thj cong va dutng dic tinh t6c do ngodi. Can cit vao két qua tinh nhigt ta 6 thé tin hanh tinh toén dong hoe va dong lye hge va stfc bén cita cfc chi tiét, co cfu cha dong co thiét ké, Khi thiét ké so bd cfn quan tim dén tinh cong nghé cita sin phim. H6 so thiet ké so bO mot dong co g6m mot ban thuyét minh va cfn thé hign day i cf ban vé phic thao téng thé dong co, céc téng thinh, céc cum chi tiét co ban va ‘mOt s6 chi tiét chinh nhu piston, thanh truyén, truc khuju.... Cac hé théng nhién ligu, 1am mét, boi trom, khdi dong d9ng co... cn Iya chon hgp Iy phi hop v6i cong dung cia dong co va dim bio duge céc chi ti¢u kinh té ky thuat yeu céu. 2.3 Thiét ké ky thuat Trén co sé thiét ké so bd, ngudi thiét ké tién hanh thiét ké ky thuat cho toan bd cc chi tiét may va h@ thong, téng thanh cha d9ng co. Céc chi tiét thiét ké cfin thé hign. 16 dung sai va cdc yeu cfu ky thuat khéc, Sau khi c6 ban vé céc chi tiét cfin tién hinh Vé lap céc cum chi tit, tong thanb, céc hé th6ng va co cfu trong dong co thiét ké va xy dung céc ban vé mat cét ngang, cét doc dong co dé kiém tra hoan chinh toan bo cdc kich thuéc va ché 4 dung sai cia céc chi tit. Sau khi o6 thiét ké ky thuat, trong qua trinh ché tgo ngudi thiét ké va ky su cong nghé ph6i hgp v6i nhau dé diéu chinh cho phi hop véi diéu kign cia co si ché tao va dim bao céc yeu céu ky thugt chung. Két thiic giai doan ché thit, vige tién hanh chay £8 va thi nghim dong co phai theo ding quy dinh va dim bdo céc thong s6'ky thuat theo s6 ligu tinh todn thiét ké ban fu, Tét cd cfc hong héc va sy 6 bat thudmg xay ra trong qué trinh chay ra, thf nghiém ong co cfin tim 16 nguyén nhan va c6 bién phép diéu chinh pha hgp. Phan viée cu6i cing Ia duyét Iai toan b9 kich thuée, cdc diéu kién kj thuat, hoan chinh Iai cdc ban vé va giao h6 so thiét k€ cho nha sin xust, 2.4 Thiét KE thi cong Can ett vao céc ban vé ky thuat, ngudi ky strong nghé tién hanh viee thiét ké, lap 4c qui trinh cong nghé dé ché tao cc chi tiét dim bio ding céc yeu cfu ky thuat di cho. Trong truting hgp céc yéu cfu ky thugt vugt qué kha nang ché tgo thi cfin trao d6i v6i ngudi thiét ke dé tim huéng khéc phuc. 3. Thiét ké chung dong co 3.1 Chon céc thong s6 két cu va kich thudc chit yéu a. Chon s6 xylanh va kiéu b6 tri xylanh: viée chon s6 xylanh va cch b6 tri cfin ln cit vao cée diéu kien sau: Dugc quét bang CamScanner387 YUEN 9p up YUTY Subp ‘ure Sugnyy u: ee "WOR Nyp JPA BmpUIO9x oA MIDE Tey OBS SF UOT OP Yet nis Sugney Uoystd q YU 9 99 4ryu nj a Yo reo uy Buga Bung - NPLUON Nep yy Sugur 99% OUD 9a oFq, ane JOU 9p sorqu Up8u yupr Sung - inws dyud dig rey Suny AMET ofA mpY 2 uoysid oy oy tom Buz ap fea “Buony as = cue Wan NYP TY Sueur o9x oy updnn rorqu apa MARL HUE yn Buon ‘apy, TN “Butto9y eet 1901 wEY Buy o9x yuw oA dep va Sueur o9x ‘op14 RL YUE pnb Suory, vedi DES Some 9x Bn 90 5p Se pc RL BSR Ip pee ‘dydnx 90 Supyy réo] “44 rey 00 Sup Boor, ‘THA Buewogx / - ¢ :dyin op 291 [Psaiql 09 Bugg “HPL Bupwis9x 9 - ¢ :089 6p agi tasaig 00 Bupg “Typ BupWDOK Z - | yy BupUE 99x p - 7 :Bupx 00 Sudq ; “Aygo Bugna ogn NpP ofS YUpN BA UPY oq Yorp our urpyu Sueur opx dg gp yupr apo 90 uoisid gg “yup “BP UaI Uoisid igyo 9q uan eyyd 9 Bun0 tonp ngp Bugur o9x yuT Ay un upyd ¢] UOTE THOTT “upd Wop of) gy ‘oyu rgnqu niyo yon upp SMIPIP nn go tA RYU ngIYU Buap ns dnp SuRq yUIp réo] 9p Buon (@ -1 quyy) “wot “191 “3uR9 quip :nequ ogipy qurp o# NED A yw ndyy uaryu unyd Yoyo ‘Agyo Sugng #99 OF Ngo ‘ugu 98 OR BAC “KEYS Bugng A yup 08 Yur[Ax dyu ‘yuehy a Bupo uorsid yu UGTOTT “T-1 uty nyu uorsid eno Bunyp nyo iy, ‘au déu eno eA px BNO “tow eno 99 op “Rpp Bupuro9x p - 1 “DEP Buymtsgx ¢ - UOISId YUN 98 OW NEO py :2"1 YU Bugc quét bang CamScanner(b) () () Hinh 1-3; Dang than piston ‘Than piston & dong co diesel thu’mg dai hon & dong co xAng, phan day than thudng 06 1-2 rinh xecming du dé l4p xecming. Mat cit ngang than thuémg c6 dang 6 van, chiéu true ngfn Ia chiéu duémg tam ch6t piston (hinh 1-3a) hoge trén than c6 tign vét 2 mat & be chot (hinh I -3b) hoc xé rnh T (hinh 1-3c), chit IT (hinh 1-34) 46 trénh b6 ket trong xylanh. e Vj tri tam ch6t duge b6 tri sao cho piston va xylanh = mon déu, déng thdi gidm va dap va g6 khi piston d6i chiéu, Mot s6 dong co c6 tam ch6t piston léch mot khodng “e” so ea v6i tam xylanh sao cho Ic ngang Na gidm dé hai bén chiu lye ngang cita piston va xylanh mon déu. Khi lép rép phai chi ¥ d6 léch tam cia 16 chét nim vé phia piston di Hinh 1-4: Vj tr tam chét piston lén theo chiéu quay truc khuyu. 1.5 Tinh piston. Trang thai ngudi We PU ran 7: ‘6 ‘Trang thai nong Ze Hinh 1-5: Cac kich thuéc co ban ciia piston Cac kich thuéc co ban cia piston thudng duge thiét ké theo kinh nghiém. Bang 2-1 12 Dugc quét bang CamScannerdua ra mt s6'kich thuée co ban cia piston dutge x4c dinh theo dudng kinh xylanh D, Bang 1-1 Kich thu6c ca ban cia piston theo dung kinh xylanh D. i Kich thade cha piston xéc dinh theo m6i quan hé voi dutng kinh xylanh D ed & H L h C1 (my h dy T. Dong co xing: Dong 00616 0.030.075 | 1.1 | 07-08 | 045-065] 4-8 | 0.25.05 | 09-098 -Dong comby kéo | 0.04-0.09 | 1.1-1.4 | 08-096 | 055-08 | 5-16 | 0.25-0.5 | 09-098 2.DongeoDiese! | 0.1-02 | 1.25-1.7] 08-125 | 06-10 | 10-8 | 025-05 | 09-098 1, bén di Khi tinh dinh piston theo phuong phdp nay Ia dya trén mot s6 gid thiét sau: = Coi dinh piston a dia c6 chiéu day déng déu, dat tu do trén g6i dé hinh try. - Ap suat khi thé phan bé déu. So d6 tinh nhw hinh 1 - 5. ‘Luc khi thé P, = p;.F, va phan luc cia né gay u6n trén tiét di¢n x-x. Lye khi thé: ab Lye nay téc dung len trong tam nita hinh trdn, cdéch truc x-x mét doan: LLL SS 222 (2) LLELZZ Phan lye a phan b6 trén nita dutng tron dudng kinh D, tac dung trén truc tam cia nita duing tron, céch ‘Minh 1-6 So dé tinh bén theo Back truc x-x mOt doan: D, yea (1-3) Do 46, momen u6n dinh: PB M,= 302-0) = (1-4) Coi D = D; thi EPPO 3 Ma Peg" 3g as) Mo dun ch6ng won ciia tiét didn x-x. Dugc quét bang CamScanner| | — 16 chét - dau nhé thanh truyén tang. 1.2.3 Vat liéu ché tao. Dé dam bio diéu kién 14m viéc thi chét piston phai dugc ché tao tir céc vat ligu c6 tinh chju mon cao, dO bén t6t va gidi han méi cao, Ngudi ta thutmg ding céc loai hyp kim cao cfip c6 thanh phn céc bon thap nhu 20Cr, 20CrNi, 18CrMnMo....Chét piston thutmg dugc tham C hodc th4m Ni, toi mat ngoai dat d6 rn HRC = 58 — 65, l6i HRC =26 —60. Chét piston sau khi ché tao phai dm bdo yéu cfu t0i cing bé mat va gia cong c6 do b6ng cao dé trénh ting suét tap trung déng thdi 16i van dim bdo mém déo dé trénh duge méi. 1.2.4 Két edu. Chét piston c6 két cu don gin, mat ngoai cé dang hinh try tron xoay, bén trong lam rong dé gidm kh6i Iugng. Céc cht khdc nhau chit yéu 1a & phén rudt (b) Hinh 1.7 Chét piston Ch6t piston dang hinh 1-7a c6 két cu don gian, dé ché tao hay duge 4p dung. Chét piston dang hinh 1-7b va hinh 1-7c cé két cu phd hop hon véi biéu dé phan 6 luc tac dung, nhung két cfu lai phiic tap, kh6 ché tao. 1.2.5 Cac phuong php l4p ghép chét piston Chét piston duge lap lén bé chét va trén d4u nhé thanh truyén theo cdc phuong php sau: 1.2.5.1 C6 dinh chét trén bé chot bing bu long. Theo phuong phép nay chét phai duge lap ty do trén d4u nhé thanh truyén. Un diém: + Khong phi b0i tron bé ch6t nén gidm duge chiéu dai bé. + Tang duge chiéu rong du nhé thanh truyén cai thién duge diéu ki¢n bdi tron va 4p sudt tiép xtic cita bac dau nhé. Nhuge diém: + Chot mon khong déu va bé mat chju Iyc cia chét khong d6i nén dé bi méi. + Khoan Id ren trén bé chot gay ra tng suat t4p.trung. Dugc quét bang CamScannerMomen uén do luc P; gay ra trén tiét dién chinh gidta tam hai g6i twa bang: M, =2¢-!9,MNm (1-21) Gg sufi u6n chot: Pp = MP Ou = Wy — Onddp(l—as) “2 Trong dé: a= 22 - he s6 do ring chét. da »0,1d3,(1-a*) MO dun ch6ng uén cia chét. Tinh theo so dé 1.8c thi Momen u6n do lye P, gay ra tren tiét dign chinh gitta tam hai g6i tya bang : 9-56) (1-23) Lea nea <4 oom cia tam giée luc c&ch ddu mut ch6t jinn 4-8. So é trang thai phy tai cia chét piston piston mt khoang bing 2/3 1, (li— chigu dai lam vigc cia bé chét). V6i gid thiét Lp ~ 31: thi ting suat u6n chét piston trong trung hgp nay 1a: ‘Ung sudt u6n chét : oan Ba Mgtict Mae ym? (29 trong 46: do: dudng kinh trong cia chét; ; dudng kinh ngoai cia chét; ‘Wa : momen ch6ng u6n cia ch6t; lea : chiéu dai ch6t; 1a: chiéu dai d4u nhé thanh truyén. 1.2.6.2 Ung suat cét, Chét piston chju cét trén tiét dién I —I va I-II (hinh 1.8), tng suét cét duge tinh theo cong thie sau day: Dugc quét bang CamScanner-_k :hé s6 higu dinh; k = 1,5-15(a-0,4)° Do bién dang tuong d6i: Ad, Bq = “om =< 0,002mm/em len DQ bign dang chét nhu hinh 1.10 Do bj bién dang, img suat bién dang phan bé nhu hinh 1.11 Hinh 1.10 Bién dang chét piston Hinh 1.11 dng suat bién dang rn tiét dién ngang chét piston ‘Trén mat ngoai cia chét: Tai diém 1 (9 =0) chiu img suat kéo: = (2sayata) 1] 2 ie Bapao? = jag; [019 EE — | ie, MN fr (1-29) Tai diém 3 (@ =90°) chiu tg suét nén: ey Gaara) _ 0626 : . Fapmo0® = Fe [or7eesae> k, MN/m? (1-30) ‘Trén mat trong ciia chét: Tai diém 2 (@ =0) chiu img sudt nén: =? (a42ay+e) , 1] 2 re Sapno? = e [0,192 4 2, MN/m’ (1-31) Tai diém 4 (@ =90°) chiu tng suat kéo : 2 Grete) 966 A - ap =00° = 77, [0,174 RE — 9828), MN fr (1-32) «ing sudt bién dang cho phép [0] = 60 - 170MN/m?, 2 Dugc quét bang CamScanner1.3 - XEC MANG. 1.3.1 Nhiém vu vw bao kin va tin nhigt. Trong 46, xée mang khi c6 nhi¢m Xéc mang c6 nhi¢m g cho Khf chfy lot ti buéng chéy xu6ng cfc te va tan nhigt cho pi cfc te suc vao buéng chy. ‘vu ngan khdn; xé¢ ming déu lm nhi¢m vy trénh Khong cho déu non ti 1.3.2 Diéu kign lam vige Khi Iam viee, xéc ming chju va dap Ién do lye kh thé va Iye quén tinh tée dung thay déi cd vé tri s6 va chiéu te dung nen gay va dap I6n gida xéc én, Céc Iue nay diéu kign b6i tron tron rft kh khan nén ma st mang va rdnh xéc mang. Mat khéc, sida xéo ming va thanh xylanh Ién. Nhigt 9 cao do tip xe trac tip v6i Khf chéy (abft a xée mang khf thi nhl) lam cho co tinh cia vat ligu ché tao xée mang gidm. 1.3.3 Vat ligu ché tao. Vat ligu ché tao xée mang phai dim bio cdc yeu cfu sau: chju mdn t6t, 06 he s6 ma sét nh6, 06 d9 bén va dd dan héi cao, do bén nhigt Ién, dé ra Khit v6i mat guong slink, Xée mang thabg dug ct igo bag gang pa hap im, Cle loa yp kim thuémg sit dung 1A Niken, crom, Molipden, Vonphram...Dé ting tudi i cia xéc mang, ngudi ta cdn ding phuong ph4p ma Crom x6p, phun boc Molipden, phit mat xéc mang... D6i v6i xéc mang déu ngudi ta thudng sit dung thép hop kim . 1.3.4 Két cau xéc mang. 13.4.1 Xéc mang khi, Dugc quét bang CamScannerXéc mang 6 két cfu don gidn, 1a mot vong tron hd miéng (hinh 1 - 11). Tuy nhién, céc van dé vé ky thuat lien quan dn xéc mang 1a rét phitc tap nhu kich thu6c hinh dang xéc ming 6 trang thi ty do, quy luat phan bé ép sudt tren bé mat xéc mang khi lép ghép...CAc xéc mang thug khéc nhau 6 tiét dign va khe hé migng. ‘Mot vai tiét dign xéc mang thudng ding nhv hinh 1 -14. Loai c6 tiét di¢n hinh chit nhat 06 két cfu don gian va d& ché tao nhét. Dé ting kha nding tiép xtc va bao kin ngudi ta Iam tiét dign mat con, hinh thang hofc tiét di¢n bac nhuhinh 1 - 14b,¢,d. b= Hinh 1 — 14, Mt sé tiét dién xéc mang khi ( Det yen 2 b © Hinh 1 - 15. Khe hd migng xée mang Khe hd miéng cia xéc mang khi thutmg c6 céc kigu nhu hinh 1-15, cét hd migng theo hinh 1 - 15a don gian va dutgc sit dung phé bin nhung dé lot khf, thutmg ding cho dong co cao t6c. Khe hé miéng theo hinh 1 -15b, c thi kha nang chOng lot khf t6t nhung gia cong khé hon, thudng ding cho céc dong © Hinh1-16: Quy luat phan bé ap co tbe 80 thf. ‘sudt xéc mang khéng dang ap ‘Truéc day, ngudi ta cho ring 4p suat t4c dung trén mat guong xylanh phan b6 déu méi t6t. Tuy nhién, sau mOt thdi gian lam viéc loai xéc mang nay thudng mon rét nhanh, nhft 1a ving khe hé miéng. Dé khic phuc, ngudi ta da ché tao ra loai xéc ming khong dang 4p c6 quy luat phan bé6 4p sudt khong déu, 4p suat ving miéng thudng cao gap 2—3 ldn 4p sudt cdc ving khéc (Hinh 1.16). 1,3.4..2 Xéc ming déu va vin dé ngin déu suc vao budnj 7 Do cé hign tuong bom dau, nén xéc ming Khf di 6 bao kin rét t6t cting khong khéc phyc duge hign tugng syc déu nhdn vao buéng ch4y. Do | | | 46 ngudi ta phai ding xéc mang déu dé khéc phyc hign tugng nay. Nguyén ly cia hién tugng bom dau Hinh 1- 17. Hign tugng bom dau. duoc trinh bay trén hinh 1 -17. Hinh 1-13. X6e mang khi 23 Dugc quét bang CamScannerve S@UYNIN -z YUH G2 $-Z HUI wan gr Wyo a6np ‘td: 71H ‘44 (2) ae %, :Bupq A 098 tpn Bun (p- Z YUL D-D USIP upXnyo gy e ueBu yn iA ‘nyp Tey uRBU odnp Bu09 WEP yOu BT QUU NP 10D + nes 91 gi oyo ps 09 uan nyu yun dud Suonyd yns -s090r8 + 06 = 4 cuyin pa uu nyp Enis dan SIOXeUTY] ns OVID “uo}std wigYU BIO YURI UpAb aA Bt JUD Opy niuD HPT OT NEP UA Sup op) afr ‘wpm Uap QUE nyp x1 dyn UpAnYo UdIp 19H. UNRTU fq BuO yUEHD apd 'p S| oa yun ‘Bugus gyU nyp reo] < S‘1> ® 29s 41 90 ugdnn quem FeO] 194 19 2/NN(09 + 08) =["9] :wury doudgyp Bueq wer uphnuy quer 194 19g - 28/NN(OE+Sz) =[79] :uoqoeo douy Buq WRT uphnuy yueup 194 19 - :dgyd oyp ayns 3p) Dugc quét bang CamScanner+ Lye tée dung trén dém cong ¢é bén kinh cong bing ban kinh trung binh ciia gu nhé p Ia lye phan b6 déu c6 gi tri bling : Pj _m,Ro(1+A) 2p 2p ‘Tircéc gid thiét va so d6 tinh hinh 2 - 4, ta ¢6 thé tinh duge ede gié trj lye php »MN/m, 27 ruyén va momen uéh ta it dign bat kj. Newb ta df ching minh duge lye va momen ‘yti6 den ngam C-C 1 16m hon cd va day cing chinh 1a tiét dign nguy hiém. Nhu vay, a luc kéo tai tiét dign ngam C- C1: Mg =My +Nqp(1—c0s7)—0,5Pp(siny — cosy) MNm oo Nyc = Nacosy + 0,52,(siny— cosy), MN pau nhé duge ép ding bac I6t nén 6 sy bién dang déng thdi cia du nhd va bac 16 Trong dé dau nhé chiu bién dang kéo, bac I6t chiu bién dang nén. Do vay, khi am vige, déu nhé thanh truyén khong chju toin bd luc kéo Nj ma chi chju mot phan Iue kéo d6, dic trung bing hé s6 gidm tii x. H@ sO 1 phu thude vao d9 cting cia cée m6men u6n ¥ chi tiét m6i ghép (bac It va dau nhd) duge xéc dinh nhu sau: Z Ee om ae E,, Fa: méduyn dan héi va tiét dién doc déu nhé: Ex =2,2.10°MN/m*; Fa =la(d2 —di), m’. Es,F, :méduyn dan héi va tiét dién doc bac 1ét : Ey =1,15.10°MN/m?. Do vay, ting suat trén déu nh 1a: 6p+s 1 2M, = 6 [ ete (2-10) 6p-! 1 84 =1-2Me BE H1Ne a (2-11) r la, s : chiéu dai va chiéu day déu nhd Tai tiét dién C-C, tng sudt lon nhét nén ta tinh cho tiét dién nay: Trén mat ngoai : 6p+s 1 o,, =| 2M, ——— 7 [: ot oan (2-12) ‘Trén mat trong : 31 Dugc quét bang CamScanner-s +N hg MN (2-13) est Meson V6; tite dien j bat ky ta déu tinh dugc Nj, My va tir db bidt duge quy Iugt phan bo tng sudt tren mit trong vi mst ngoai cia du abd thanh truyén snbss hinh 2 - 5. Gog sult kéo cho phép [01] =30+60MN/m?, 4 tri nbd tng voi thép cacbon. Hinh 2 -5: (ng sudt trén mat trong va ae hind nt chi én mat ngodi ca du nh than tuys Lie nén the dang lén du nbd thanh truyén 1A hop cita Iie Khi thé va Iu quén tinh cia kb6i hagng ab6m piston. Pr Pua +Pg=PeFy +1ttep R.0%(1+2). (2-14) ‘Theo Kinaxotsvili, luc Pr gy ra phan b6 déa trén d4n nbd thanh truyén theo quy Just dadng cosin abut so 46 hinh 2-6. Hinh 2-6 So 65 phan bS luc téc dung khi d4u nhé thanh truyén qu zee (2-15) Ta céing coi d4u nbd nur mot d4m cong va do tinh chit 46i xtmg ta cit bd di mot ita tai tiét dign A —A, thay vio dé 18 céc luc vA momen tuong tng Na, Ma gif tri Na, Ma cho trong bang 2.1 Ngudi ta cling 44 chéng minh duge ring Iyc vA momen sinh ra tai tiét di¢n ngam C—C1B Ion nhat, Cho nén ta chi tinh gid tr) luc va tg sudt tai tiét dign nay. 32 Dugc quét bang CamScannersink M, = My +N,.p(1—cosy)—P,p(S2 _Ysiny—Leosy) (2-16) 208) ® 5 sin ol N, = Ncosy+Py(-FE—Lsiny—“eosy) (2-17) v6iy tinh theo radian. Bang 2.1 Gid tri Na, Ma Dai Gi trj g6c ngam y (49) jong [| 100 | 105 110 us 120 125 130 NwPz |0,0001 | 0,000 | 0,0009 | 0,0018 | 0,0030 | 0,0060 | 0,0085 MalPrp | 0 |0,00010 | 0,00025 | 0,00060 | 000110 | 0,00180 | 0,00300 Ung suat gay ra cho du nhé hi chiu nén 1a; ‘Trén mat ngoai : 6p+s 2 7 N.J~.MN/: (2-18) Sw PMc apes) lis ‘im? — (2-18) Trén mat trong: or, = (2M, = + yN,JL,MN/m? (2-19) s(@p-s) Quy lust phan b6 ting sudt khi chju nén duge bigu dign trén so dé hinh 2-7. 2.1.4.2 Tinh site bén than thanh truyén, ‘Tinh site bén than thanh truyén thutng duge tinh & cdc tiét dign nhé nbat (ché tip ip gitta than thanh truyén v6i du nhd), tiét dign trung binh va tiét dign tinh todn. * Tiét dign nhé nhét chju luc nén do téc dung cia hgp Iuc khf thé va lye quén tinh van dong tinh tin. * Tiét dign trung binh chju nén va u6n doc cing do céc lye trén. So 46 tinh bén than thanh truyén nhu hinh 2—8 a. Tinh 6 tiét dién nhé nhdt ( tiét dign I OF hinh 2 - 8). Hinh 2-7: Quy luat phan bé tng sudt khi chiu nén Ung suat nén: 2 o-fee (m,, +m)Ro?(1+2)+P.F (2-20) Fn Fan b, 2 Frag = Bain Hain ~2-Hain 59" (2-21) 33 Dugc quét bang CamScanneri Hinh 2 -8: So dé tinh toan than thanh truyén ‘Ung suat kéo do luc quén tinh cha nhém piston va ca kh6i Ivong d4u nhé thanh truyén duge xéc dinh theo biéu thife sau: _ Be _ m, +m,)Ro*(1+a) E, Pia (aap +mdn)RO?(1+A), MN. (2-23) Mop» Meg 18 kh6i Ivong nhém piston va kh6i Iuong déu nhd He s6 an toan bén tiét dién nhé nhat : 20 , — 0, +'¥,(6, +04) He s6 an todn thu’ng nam trong khoang 2,5 - 3. b. Tinh d tiét dién trung binh ( tiét dién IT Ol hinh 2 -8). Tai tiét dign trung binh, than thanh truyén chju ting suat kéo, nén va u6n doc. Gag suit kéo do Iye quén tinh cia khoi Ivong nhém piston va kh6i long thanh truyén nim phia tren tiét dién trung binh. Ung sudt kéo duoc xéc dinh theo biéu thiic sau day: oO '»>MN/m? (2-22) a, = (2-24) Oo, = 38, MN/m? (2-25) ‘. 34 Dugc quét bang CamScannertrong d6 : Py = (My +im) Ror +2),MN (2-26) (2-27) Trong 46 me Ia kh6i Ivgng cia phén thanh truyén nim trén tiét dign trung binh Fi. Ung suat nén va uén doc do Iyc téng Px va luc quén tinh chuyén dong tinh tién duge xéc dinh theo cong thitc sau day: P, +P, = Fek = ES 2 MN (2-28) ‘e a he s6 nh hudng cia két cfu k=1,1+1,15, Ung suat cho phép cia than thanh truyén nhu sau: - D6i v6i thanh truyén cac bon: 80 —120 MN/m?. - D6i v6i thanh truyén thép hop kim: 120 —180MN/m?. 2.1.4.3 Tinh site bén déu to thanh truyén, Do két cau dau to c6 tiét dién thay d6i khé phttc tap nen tinh todn mang tinh chat gin diing. Luc tinh todn 18 hgp cita luc quén tinh van dng quay va van dOng tinh tién cia déu to khong ké dén nép, tinh tai vi tri DCT: P, =m,MNRo"(1+2)+(M, -M,)Ro’; MNm (2-29) Kh6i luong van dong tinh tién: Mm = Mop + m5 kg mp: kh6i lugng déu to; kg ma: kh6i lugng nép d4u to; kg So 6 tinh bén, d4u to thanh truyén duge tinh bay trén hinh 2-9. Tinh sitc bén d4u to thanh truyén theo phuong phép cia Kinaxotsvili v6i céc gid thiét sau day: . . - Dau to coi nhu mot kh6i nguyen, Khong 1, > 9: 5 a6 tit todn sc bén déu to xét dén m6i ghép. thanh truyén * Tiét dién ngang déu to coi nhu khong d6i bang tiét dién gitta cla nip (tiét dign A—A hinh 2-9). *Khi lp cng bac l6ét vao du to thi bac I6t va déu to déng thdi cing bién dang 35 Dugc quét bang CamScanner9€ (E-2) PRL 28 Bug1 wns Sun ony ngTq Op TH ““OP= °A Sugnip Buoy, % » ta qr GptD'mz _ nya 2 "e000 + eso * CHew000+ ZI! =? "R128 01 nyp dy wan Bugi yens Sup) z y+? (€e-@) (*Ag00'0 + 2zs'0) a 5 vy =n ui atl z ap ety oe ego 0+ 100 oa NTN snes nyo Y— Y UBIP 19H Te) UpAny dyyd on] BA UN UoMTOUT oOnp YUip opx gM 9 LL, “Op Bugg yun 01 nyp dyu doys dey eur ea ureu ustp 19H EMIS 998 oh (C*h¢00'0 + 7zs‘0)'d = YN (ie) (480000 +1200)" = "WN ines ont ngiq o=tp yun odnpy -Y UsIp 19H Te Tp Ae~ uadm) dyyd ony BA UON WOWIOW, “ugknan yuwep wy Bugnp 1A Os YOsT 29D) :g {Buoy ng g] we) Sugnp rey eNIS Yoyo SupoIY

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