Cc Psactce| Appl! cat ons ot torah Presi VE ond centve of pressure: c In poackre reve enrct Severce hy doa Lc 7 Ghueluves which are subjected +o bydeawhc ~ pressicre forces - ; 3 Ip the design of these Shuctuves, (Fs 2 therfore necessary To Cow pute the mognitide — Of these poy ces and to locate threia z powt Ff applicaren cn the Shuchwe - 2 Gene. a the, commen Types of such Sburtuves ave aS naked below: a6) Dams b> Gates ork Loal gates: c> Tanks1—— aD as 3 b € FA | Igid Malia pL! gy eyy A dam is a conmcte or Mason YY Stn fare Cousbucteadl acvoss a yiver in order to check - slew Wate ; 3 ces 1s on dls side Use it aS reServoir. — Pov iynigahen 3 poney gauimafton . since 3h ols ae at Sam jS in Sag oe Wass wate at ar ctepth , ft is sirbject Pressure dove pid i+ shatd be able ie ee yesist yt safety -| diet Sk wey atoved on the nee Mey . of dam Rea ex Ortenr on the U[s Ace 44) total Saco for 1m levgth of the dam Leak H _ i Fe PsAh = P3 (x1) KB g aig h fo ¥ rectangle = i , , 2. a -- le= PICRRDXE = Pa ee ec gt] Sm : ‘2. 2 2. Pazwov7is spec fre waght of weders THE pol ant normal wm the U[s ae of the clam thrayh centre of Pressure,© clam thrayh centre 8F Presi’ ’ | The Aepth of water wht eh ws (oye Sree ‘ saypace 5f wete pi Pe ta te. eth | da at : = , A&R 7 Ak pee Nabt® a [hee b=! 4 (apne | 2 \* d=H vechng a tw 4 lh = -xIxH Beat = Be An lac Ci 2: (2 Se el HR XH 1D, GE 2» i The tate} force fe re) pres sure @ecerted on 4 Ols Sree of the Lam ach ava depth of 2. } and at H te belo the water surface. oF pho Deg FF (HS cba the base of the dam*ovare are forve erie oY alam tends it, whech inturn yescstet fey of the clam ‘Ww acing ads. at the centroid ef the weight Vvertally down wa the Amm Sechon - Water pressure ana self weg ht of tre dam ave the twa Man exces ach oY adam: Bubil adadchen te these two fore tnere are forts such as- —Up\ St pYessare - Eowthaveke Por ces ~wind and wave pressures PIE SSUES etc - —silt and sce_ Q= Top width ef dan S| | pe Bee width ef the ie ott ade [fee Rerht oP the dan + hh = Height OF water column | Consider unit Jers Cim) of damConsider (wm levgih a clam wetght op masonary =Aven «lexgih xclensity of = (a2 xe | xdlemsity oe MASOUATY | tet CG oF the Secho be at As tance. ‘xe’ Bom ane vorncal face, - Now Awidig the popezrum into a vecargle ond triangle ane tokucg moma @bact -the vechvel face,Consider ing yeservoly empty Grind ov: (Onna + Llb-gox4 [es)| = leno me + § cb-adeH| e = (axeW) & wheb-odH [at Ey eo +(48 Ayr oe d= & h(b- ad [ar bs =A) | on +(b-a) a+b a) | GPa (a+b) ke Po Ce Bath) 524 (b-adQntb) ee ea alate) 7 — 30% +4R20b ad eb" ab ar tab tb noe 3 (ath). , > 3 (atb):| Tere woleor Pressure C P) =hyea% Avewge Pressure P=(Axhd wy is A=imt Tota Pressure = wh 2. Tob press ave acts at ho om the base ot Wire di Sue dake As Rh > af ’ tn. re ' ea \ Let the gesultent R’ of P and Ww! cuts the | 3 the base of alam ab He peint M Than AGLM oe es x aos 2 Siege ih LG h/s w w 3 The eccentricity of thre yvesutteant Rreexe C= (m+ ') Oy: Te @ is tve > maximunn Stress Gor | devel } towards the tee (TD Mmarumum Stresses wil develop @w -ve—- o towards the heel CH)Swsses at the base* Sy : Diveet Stress 6a= ie of masonary W am Avea ot the bate bx = aa Can us compressive) Bering stress _ ae + . (w: 2) xb/2 a 7, 6 A? Ree bs 4 sd=b iy w-e x bla Ww-@xb ,(L46wWe ~ bye = = = = et oe Pues ph Awe? 2 X b> 2 since Qaim: Boe CWe be 2 aber D9} Nos Maximum sioten si hy of strec4 Since. a SA + a5 = eS = Ww (1+6) Minimum oa of stress B oe =| =|ering), Courses and IFor the Students of B.E., B.Tech, B Ar B.Sc. (Eng Section ‘B’ of AMIE (I), GATE, Diploma Other Engineeri Ex f a= Chaplet == Dams and Retaining Walls 6.1. Introduction Adiamn* is constructed to store Farge quantity of water, which is used for the purposes of irrigation and power generation, A dam may be of “apereidal Dams with Water Face Inctned, WHY CTeSS ACRUON but the dams of trapezoidal Conaition for the Stability of a Dam, cross-section are very popular these days. A Garton to Avoid Tension in the Masonry HUN wall is generally constructed 10 retain efihe Dam at its Base. cart in hilly areas, Though there are many types 2 Condition to Prevent the Overturning ofthe of dams, yo the following are important from the Dam. subject point of view : & Condition to Prevent the Sliding of Dam. . Condition to Prevent the Crushing of te lntredtuction, 2 Rectangular Dams, rapezoidal Dams with Water Face Vertical, L. Rectangular dams. 2, Trapezoidlal dams having water face vertical, Masonry at the Base of the Dam. 3. Trapezoidal dams having water face 10 Minimum Base Width of a Dam. inclined. 1. Maximum Height of a Dam. We shall discuss the above three types of 12. Reining Walls. dams one by one. 13. Earth Pressure on a Retaining Wall. MA Active Earth Pressure, 15. Passive Earth Pressure. 16. Theories of Active Earth Pressure. 7. Rankine’s Theory for Active Earth Pressure. 6.2. Rectangular Dams Consider a unit length of a rectangular dam, retaining water on one of its vertical sides as shown in Fig. 6.1 a Coulomb's Wedge Theory for Active Earth Let b = Width of the dam, ® pee H = Height of he dam, Siaohical Method for Active Earth Pres- p = Specific weight of the dam = mason ay, CPhical Method for Rankine’s Theory h = Heigh Fe f i i eeeeeee en meade ) = Height of water reatined by Geieae the dam, and Conditions for the Stability of a Retaining Note: ies wa Ts A dam constructed with earth is called an earthen ? ender ots related to this chapter are given at ‘dam; whereas a dam constructed with cement con- Seg this book. crete is called a concrete dam or gravity dam. dc Angle of Repose a