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Chapter I To 3
Chapter I To 3
THE PROBLEM
This chapter deals with the presentation of the problem. Specifically, this
Introduction
Any area of supply chain management and logistics can benefit greatly
when they need to temporarily keep goods in large quantities before sending
in the field of sustainable urban development and has been awarded multiple
times for its sustainable efforts. The city enforces national environmental laws
and offers incentives for green initiatives. Batangas aims to be the first
of equipment, and optimizing the layout of the warehouse to minimize the total
can reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, minimize waste production, and
make rational use of supplies, which can help reduce the environmental
region or nation should have. The researchers will also assess the extent to
1.1 Location
1.2 Size
and references. After data gathering, the results was tallied, tabulated, and
statistically interpreted.
One of the limitations of this study is the lack of previous research on the
semester.
The researchers held a strong conviction that the endeavor of carrying out
Warehousing Practices and this can guide them in their future career. In
environment that could be used as a future module for students learning and
for the purpose of instructing the students.Moreover this study also beneficial
to the Warehouse Companies, the findings of this study will help them assess
about the topic.Lastly this study also beneficial to the Future Researchers, this
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature
study. These were gathered from books, journals and articles and credible
online sources.
states that the concept of green warehousing can help reduce greenhouse
effects and global warming for better tomorrow. Green warehousing needs
green building.
operation, low price of goods and increased market size, sales, net profit
for the companies and differentiate them from competitors through a good
supply chain, which require the adoption of practices and policies that reduce
waste to eliminate their adverse impact on the environment and human lives.
kept pose several risks to the safety of the role of supply chain sustainability
positive influence on firm performance. Again, ensuring the safety and welfare
advocates that storage facilities can do more than pollute. Evidence from
activities pollute the environment and permeate the atmosphere with harmful
gasses.
Warehouse Operation
notion of SWM has assured to reduce carbon emissions (Ries et al., 2016).
Thus, with the integration of both internal and external factors, SWM is
For instance, the World Economic Forum in 2016 emphasized the role of
picking, and shipping to mitigate risks and to handle the challenge from
operations and the use of new warehouse systems like dynamic storage, real-
time processing, and dynamic picking where products do not have fixed slots,
orders are released dynamically, and the travel time of pickers is reduced.
Inventory Management
Inventories can also be caused by asynchronous demand with the supply and
time spent to process raw materials. With the inventory, the company can
system control will make it easier for companies to carry out operational
supplies because it will affect the production process and the company's
it is related to the type of inventory, the amount of inventory, and the location
warehouse and put away goods the warehouse. This process is carried out in
Tanzanian SMEs, and used the data from financial statements for the period
inventory conversion period over gross operating profit. The results cleared
concluded that Gross profit margin is negatively correlated with the inventory
conversion period, Increase in sales, which denotes the firm size enriches the
firm’s inventory levels, which pushes profits upwards due to optimal inventory
levels. It is also noted that firms inventory systems must maintain appropriate
sample of the top five cement companies of India over a period of 10 years
sample size of 79 SSEs. The study inferred that inventory comprised the
capital was one of the major reasons for SSE failures. The empirical results
operations from the distribution center to the store shelf (Indriyani 2020).
tasks to robots, including goods inventory and heavy cargo transfer and loads.
Economies around the world have driven various sectors such as agriculture,
applications are similar, the characteristics for each system could be varied
cost), and a greater ability to service the customer by reducing cycle times.
WMS will not only lead in inventory reduction but also in greater storage
might lead to reduction in the level of safety stock required. WMS allows
warehouses to quickly and efficiently retrieve products right when they are
needed. Using WMS assists organizations to identify the products easily. This
will help organizations to fulfill a particular order and then direct the workflow
needed to fulfill the order in on time, which is called just in time (JIT)
(Williams, 2016).
with a high amount of processed order lines and amount of stock keeping
daily operations of inventory level, locations of forklifts and stock keeping units
supply chain, such as receiving stock, storing stock and managing order take
out of stock .The purpose of this system is to control the movement and
you store, move, load, and ship out your material. The choice of equipment
speeds up this process and adds to the staff’s convenience. From unloading
trucks, storing to shipping out, you must follow material\ mechanical handling
protocol. And the MHE helps you facilitate all these operations efficiently
and picking material constitute a huge part of the activities. In order to handle
required. The selection of proper MHEs requires great focus since its
problems.
for a 24 h a day running and the growing power needs associated with the
systems have been targeted with various initiatives aiming at achieving higher
energy efficiency for both labor-intensive warehouses and Automated Storage
and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS). Although AS/RS involve most of the energy
forklift trucks still represent the majority of logistics buildings. Thus, focusing
Lyson (2016) states that material handling should always be taken serious.
This state ment is more evident when large amounts of material is being
moved, this is because accidents can happen when large material is being
in that, the organisation does not need to spend on the costs of accidents and
the same time attain optimum output. In the same tone, Okpara (2013) stated
that proper material handling reduces stress and effort. This is to say that,
operators can control expenses and lower energy use in their logistics system
recommendations have been made for modifications to the way that people
one of the most crucial and important components of supply chain systems.
For the reasons that designing phase of the storage system is the most
decisions should be made during this phase. Companies aim to achieve high
volume production with little stocks and deliver goods to clients within short
market setting. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, warehouse design and
of warehouse design and its impact on costs are obvious, there is still no all-
encompassing, clearly defined, and widely accepted method for doing so. Due
ample space for businesses to store inventory, pack, label, and ship goods.
such as the weighted product method, can be used to determine the priority of
production. A significant issue can arise when raw materials are stored in
address the issue. As stated by Sudiarta et al. (2020), every business wants
this, both the present systems must be improved and a new system must be
all product and data movement inside of warehouses and distribution facilities.
distance that raw materials must travel from the warehouse to the production
area.
The best warehouse layout is one that makes the most of the space
while reducing the amount of time spent traveling and the number of points of
contact. During the design phase, all of the warehouse's working areas and
the space each needs should be taken into account (Richard,2015.)
decisions about the building's structure and a lot of problems that are hard to
solve all at once. This extra factor looks at a number of operations (picking,
markets, material care, and Just-in-Time (JIT), travel time, material care cost,
clear warehouse layout so that they can adapt to any changes in operations
have for their stock. So, the layout of a warehouse is the most important factor
warehouse layout is difficult because there are so many factors that influence
the success of warehouse activities, such as dock area, rack types, rack
Warehouse Staff
difficult. The issue with this is that employers still choose employees based on
their willingness to work, even when the job also demands skill sets,
education, work experience, a positive attitude toward one's job, and effective
by the use of decision support systems, such as the MOORA and ROC
use of tool called training, but before training is initiated it is crucial that a
training needs assessment be done. Contrary to many beliefs training can't fix
everything, and unfortunately training is sometimes done just for the sake of
training. Needs assessments are critical, they identify the potential causes of
problems, determine whether the problem can or can not be solved with
hone their skills and characteristics, and develop the right frame of mind
crucial for building solid human capital where the warehouse staff are capable
of adapting to the new emerging technologies or newly implemented systems
within an organization (Conley & Kadrlik, 2013). Lacking training offers can
advance and develop. Training can be divided into the following two types of
Research Literature
The present study draws upon several relevant studies that have been
review to support the objectives of their study, which focused on the green
warehousing practices.
panels, winds turbines, and biomass. At this stage, the warehouse becomes a
truly green component of the sustainable supply chain. (Baker & Marchant
warehouse environments.
As stated by Roy (2014), the function of warehouse is integral in
infrastructures have steadily increased over the years and such circumstance
logistics.One of the ideas from the green logistics knowledge stream is green
green building
for the companies and differentiate them from competitors through a good
may save firms the cost of environmental fines. Moreover, warehouses built
energy cost and advance profitability (Indrawati et al., 2018). Further, green
like any other green supply chain practices are acknowledged as an efficient
result in less waste management and improve process quality, which creates
Theoretical Framework
for the study’s variables to ensure that the research study is well guided by
existing theories.
This theoretical framework from the study of Amjed, T. W., & Harrison
environmentally friendly.
J. ( 2013), suggest that warehouses are essential for businesses as they store
inventory and generate waste. Implementing sustainable inventory
management techniques can benefit both the company and the environment.
that could meet the fluctuating customer demand. This results in improved
is the most laborious and costly activity in a typical warehouse, accounting for
oversees not only internal procedures but also the entire warehouse complex.
energy usage and daylight usage. Energy costs make up 5-10% of operating
costs, and it directly affects the environment and running expenses. The
et al,. (2014), which has been cited in the study of Amjed et al,.(2013) The
warehouse layout has strong impact on warehousing costs. Layout decisions
are mainly divided into two broad categories – first is related to the placement
concerns the design of layout, paths, storage etc. Designing the layout of the
management, staff training and occupational health and safety. Simply put,
professional lives.
The following framework will guide this study to ensure the concrete
be use as the basis and would help attain the study objectives.
Conceptual Framework
people who have knowledge about the green warehousing practices being
To present the concept of the study and the interplay of variables, an Input
Process-Output (IPO) model was used. IPO is used because this model was
The paradigm shows three boxes presenting the input, process and output.
In the first box, the inputs represent the profile of the respondents and the
green warehousing practices and significance of the two. The second box
represents the process of the data gathering. It includes the recommended
Warehousing Practices
Figure 2
Conceptual Paradigm
Company Profile:
Location
Size
Years in Operation
Nature in Service
Green warehousing
practices in Batangas Date Gathering
Province Proposed strategies
Warehouse through Questionnaire
to enhance the
operation
Inventory Green Warehousing
Management Data Analysis
Practices in
Warehouse and
Management Batangas Province
system Interpretation
Mechanical
Handling
Equipment
Warehouse Facility
Design
Warehouse Layout
Warehouse Staff
Definition of Terms
Green Warehousing Practices. This means making updates that reduce the
amount of energy used, tap into sustainable energy sources and materials,
other mechanical aids used to facilitate this process, such as pallet trucks,
conveyor belts and bucket elevators, which reduce the risk of injury to workers
(Axiom,2023).
footprint, clear height, floor strength, power, yard size etc.) based on the
streamline overall operations. The right layout should help to improve the flow
integral part of any business that stores and processes orders or products.
They oversee receiving and processing of incoming stock, picking orders from
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
type was used to investigate the issue mentioned in the study. The objective
statistical method.
into the current actions and behaviors related to the phenomenon under
study.
Respondents of the Study
used random sampling, a type of probability sampling wherein all samples are
the well diverse respondents are represented and presents a diverse range of
The respondents for this research are strategically selected from various
are essential to the success of the study. These respondents can provide
significant information and have a better response rate. The study encloses a
collecting sufficient data. Therefore, the necessary data for this study was
data.Rest assured that all data gathered by the researchers will be totally
secret and used solely for the purposes of this research. Furthermore, all of
the information contained within the proposed study came from reliable
To obtain relevant data for the study, the researchers analyzed diverse
both the local and foreign sources of reference materials in the course of their
study.
matter in the study. In addition to the primary collected data, the researchers
adviser for review and correction. After incorporating the adviser’s criticisms
and ideas, a final document is distributed to experts in the subject for future
carried out with the assistance of the adviser and an expert in the field.
Comments and suggestions are taken into account in the final draft of the
created a letter of request for their respondents. The thesis experts and the
the researchers.
The data gathered were tallied, summarized and tabulated for further
interpretation and analysis. The responses are treated with the use of the
service.
Ethical Consideration
This study must adhere to ethical standards when conducting research,
must know the purpose, benefits, risks, and funding behind this study before
privacy. Researchers protect their personal data even if they can’t collect data