D”P gva¨wgK Md.

Abdullah Al-Mamun
B.Sc.(Hons) 1st Class
c`v_©weÁvb cÖ_g cÎ M.Sc.(Physics) 1st Class
Associate Professor
Aa¨vq- 3: MwZwe`¨v Dept. of Physics, DRMC
Cell- 01819102499
1| Ro cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi e¨vL¨v|
Ro cÖm½ KvVv‡gv: †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ae¯’vb ev MwZ eY©bvi Rb¨ †h ¯’vbv¼ e¨e¯’v MÖnb Kiv nq Zv‡K cÖm½ KvVv‡gv e‡j Ges †h cÖm½
KvVv‡gv‡Z wbDU‡bi MwZ welqK cÖ_g m~Î cvwjZ nq Zv‡K Ro cÖm½ KvVv‡gv e‡j|
cÖm½ KvVv‡gv wZb cÖKvi| h_v-
• GKgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv: †h cÖm½ KvVv‡gv‡Z †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ae¯’vb ev MwZ GKwUgvÎ ¯’vbv¼ Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K
GKgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv e‡j| GKgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv nj GKwU mij‡iLv|
• wØgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv: †h cÖm½ KvVv‡gv‡Z †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ae¯’vb ev MwZ `ywU ¯’vbv¼ Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K wØgvwÎK cÖm½
KvVv‡gv e‡j| wØgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv nj GKwU Zj ev c„ô|
• wÎgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv: †h cÖm½ KvVv‡gv‡Z †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ae¯’vb ev MwZ wZbwU ¯’vbv¼ Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K wÎgvwÎK
cÖm½ KvVv‡gv e‡j| wÎgvwÎK cÖm½ KvVv‡gv nj ¯’vb ev space|

GKgvwÎK KvVv‡gv wØgvwÎK KvVv‡gv wÎgvwÎK KvVv‡gv

2| G gnvwe‡k¦i mKj w¯’wZB Av‡cwÿK, mKj MwZB Av‡cwÿK| ‡Kv‡bv MwZB cig bq, cig bq †Kv‡bv w¯’wZ|

w¯’wZ: mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ cwicv‡k¦©i mv‡c‡ÿ hLb †Kvb e¯‘i Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b N‡U bv ZLb H e¯‘‡K w¯’wZkxj ev w¯’i e‡j| Avi G Ae¯’vi
AcwiewZ©Z _vKv‡K e‡j w¯’wZ|
MwZ: mg‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ cwicv‡k¦©i mv‡c‡ÿ hLb †Kvb e¯‘i Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b N‡U ZLb H e¯‘‡K MwZkxj e‡j| Avi Ae¯’v‡bi G
cwieZ©‡bi NUbv‡K MwZ e‡j|
‡Kv‡bv e¯‘ w¯’wZkxj bv MwZkxj Zv eySvi Rb¨ e¯‘i Avkcvk †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU e¯‘‡K wb‡Z n‡e hv‡K Avgiv cÖm½ e¯‘ ej‡Z cvwi| GB cÖm½ e¯‘
Ges Av‡jvP¨ e¯‘i cvi¯úwiK Ae¯’vb hw` mg‡qi mv‡_ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j Av‡jvP¨ e¯‘wU‡K cÖm½ e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ w¯’i e‡j aiv nq|
Ab¨w`‡K, cÖm½ e¯‘ Ges Av‡jvP¨ e¯‘i cvi¯úwiK Ae¯’vb hw` mg‡qi mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq Zvn‡j Av‡jvP¨ e¯‘wU‡K cÖm½ e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ MwZkxj
e‡j aiv nq| cÖm½ e¯‘ hw` cÖK…Zc‡ÿ w¯’i _v‡K Zvn‡j Gi mv‡c‡ÿ †h e¯‘ w¯’wZkxj _v‡K †mwUI cÖK…Zc‡ÿ w¯’i| G ai‡bi w¯’wZ‡K cig w¯’wZ
ejv nq| Avevi cÖm½ e¯‘wU hLb cig w¯’wZ‡Z _v‡K ZLb Gi mv‡c‡ÿ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¯‘ MwZkxj _vK‡j Zv‡K cig MwZ e‡j| GB gnvwe‡k¦ Avgiv
hv wKQy †`wL †hgb-P›`ª, MÖn, DcMÖn, c„w_ex meB cÖwZwbqZ m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K Nyi‡Q| ZvB GK K_vq ejv hvq, c„w_exi Dci¯’ †Kv‡bv e¯‘B w¯’I bq-
mKj e¯‘B MwZkxj| Agiv hLb †Kv‡bv e¯‘ w¯’wZkxj bv MwZkxj Rvbvi †Póv Kwi Zv †Kv‡bv AvcvZ w¯’wZkxj e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ we‡ePbv Kwi| ZvB G
gnvwe‡k¦i mKj w¯’wZB Av‡cwÿK, mKj MwZB Av‡cwÿK| †Kv‡bv MwZB cig bq, cig bq †Kv‡bv w¯’wZ|

3| Av‡cwÿK †eM ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zvi e¨vL¨v|

GKwU MwZkxj e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ Aci GKwU MwZkxj e¯‘i †eM‡K Av‡cwÿK †eM e‡j| †hgb `ywU Mvwo Avjv`v †eM wb‡q Pj‡Z _vK‡j,
GKwU Mvwoi mv‡c‡ÿ Aci MvwowUi †eM n‡e Av‡cwÿK †eM|
→ → → → →
g‡bKwi, A Ges B `ywU e¯‘i †eM h_vµ‡g Va Ges Vb | Zvn‡j B Gi mv‡c‡ÿ A Gi Av‡cwÿK †eM, Vab = Va − V b |
→ → → → →
Avevi, A Gi mv‡c‡ÿ B Gi Av‡cwÿK †eM, Vba = Vb − V a | myZivs Vab = −Vba |

• `ywU e¯‘ mij‡iLv eivei GKB w`‡K Pj‡j GKwUi mv‡c‡ÿ AciwUi †eM abvZ¥K nq| †m‡ÿ‡Î GKwU e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ AciwUi
Av‡cwÿK †e‡Mi gvb e¯‘؇qi †e‡Mi gv‡bi we‡qvMd‡ji mgvb nq|
• `ywU e¯‘ mij‡iLv eivei wecixZ w`‡K Pj‡j GKwUi mv‡c‡ÿ AciwUi †eM FYvZ¥K nq| †m‡ÿ‡Î GKwU e¯‘i mv‡c‡ÿ
AciwUi Av‡cwÿK †e‡Mi gvb e¯‘؇qi †e‡Mi gv‡bi ‡hvMd‡ji mgvb nq|
• `ywU e¯‘ hw` wfbœ w`‡K MwZkxj _v‡K, Zvn‡j Av‡cwÿK †eM mvgvšÍwi‡Ki m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z nq|
 MwZ eY©bvq e¨eKjb I mgvKj‡bi e¨envi
4| Mo‡eM n‡Z ZvrÿwYK †eM ev cÖK…Z †eM wbY©q|

‡Kvb gyn~Z©‡K wN‡i AwZ ÿz`ª mgq e¨eav‡b, mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i mi‡Yi nvi‡K H gyn~‡Z©i †eM ev ZvrÿwYK †eM e‡j|
aiv hvK, GKwU KYvi MwZc_ AD | B we›`y‡Z Gi ZvrÿwbK †eM wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
→
Av‡iv aiv hvK, t mg‡q KYvwUi Ae¯’vb B hvi Ae¯’vb †f±i r1 ;
→ → →
t + t mg‡q KYvwUi Ae¯’vb C hvi Ae¯’vb †f±i r2 = r1 +  r ;
→
 t mg‡qi e¨eav‡b KYvwUi miY =  r ;
→
r
 KYvwUi Mo †eM =
t
→
r
t hw` k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ nq, Zvn‡j C , B Gi AwZ wbKUeZx© n‡e| G †ÿ‡Î Øviv B we›`y‡Z ZvrÿwYK †eM m~wPZ n‡e|
t
→ →
→ → r dr
aiv hvK, B we›`y‡Z ev t mg‡q ZvrÿwYK †eM = v |  v = Ltt →0 = .............. (1)
t dt

AZGe, mg‡qi e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo †e‡Mi mxgvwšÍK gvbB nj ZvrÿwbK †eM ev cÖK…Z †e‡Mi gvb| wPÎ n‡Z †`Lv hvq
→
†h, hLb t → o ZLb C → B | G †ÿ‡Î  r Gi AwfgyL B we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z c‡_i ¯úk©K BE eivei n‡e| (1) bs mgxKiY
→ →
Abyhvqx v Gi w`K n‡”Q d r eivei| AZGe, †Kvb we›`y‡Z ZvrÿwYK †e‡Mi w`K n‡”Q H we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z c‡_i ¯úk©K eivei|

5| MoZ¡iY n‡Z ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY ev cÖK…Z Z¡iY wbY©q|

‡Kvb gyn~Z©‡K wN‡i AwZ ÿz`ª mgq e¨eav‡b, mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K H gyn~‡Z©i Z¡iY ev ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY e‡j|

e¨vL¨v: aiv hvK, GKwU KYvi MwZc_ ABCD | B we›`y‡Z Gi ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| aiv hvK, t mg‡q KYvwUi Ae¯’vb
→ → → → → →
B ‡hLv‡b †eM v1 Ges t + t mg‡q KYvwUi Ae¯’vb C ‡hLv‡b ‡eM, v2 = v1 +  v | wP‡Î, PQ = v1 Ges
→
→ → → → →
v
PR = v2 = v1 +  v | t mgq e¨eav‡b †e‡Mi cwieZ©b=  v |  KYvwUi Mo Z¡iY = |
t
→
v
t hw` k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ nq, Zvn‡j Øviv B we›`y‡Z ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY m~wPZ n‡e| aiv hvK, B we›`y‡Z ev t mg‡q ZvrÿwYK
t
→ →
→ → v dv
Z¡iY = a |  a = Ltt →0 = .................... (1)
t dt

AZGe, mgq e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo Z¡i‡Yi mxgvwšÍK gvbB ZvrÿwYK Z¡iY wb‡`©k K‡i| wPÎ n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, hLb
→ → → → →
t → o ZLb C → B Ges v2 → v1 | G †ÿ‡Î  v Gi AwfgyL n‡e v1 Gi jä eivei| mgxKiY Abyhvqx a Gi w`K
→
n‡”Q  v eivei| AZGe, †Kvb we›`y‡Z ZvrÿwYK Z¡i‡Yi w`K n‡”Q H we›`y‡Z KYvwUi †e‡Mi j¤^ eivei|
 K¨vjKzjv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ MwZm~Î cÖwZcv`b
6| S = v0t + 1 at 2 mgxKiY cÖwZcv`b:
2

aiv hvK, PQ ‡iLv¯’ GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y O ‡_‡K v0 Avw`‡eM wb‡q a mgZ¡^i‡Y P‡j t mg‡q GKwU e¯‘KYv x `~iZ¡
AwZµg K‡i A Ae¯’v‡b Av‡m| A Ae¯’v‡b Gi †eM v | Av‡iv aiv hvK, t + t mg‡q D³ e¯‘KYv x + x `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i
v dv
B we›`y‡Z †cŠ‡Q †hLv‡b Gi †eM v + v | GLb ZvrÿwYK Z¡i‡Yi msÁvbymv‡i, a = Ltt →0 = | myZivs dv = adt |
t dt
hLb t = 0 ZLb v = v0 Ges t = t ZLb v = v | GB mxgvi g‡a¨ DcwiD³ mgxKiY‡K mgvKjb K‡i Avgiv cvB,
v t
v0
dv = a  dt ev, [v]vv0 = a[t ]t0 ev, v − v0 = a(t − o)
0
 v = v0 + at .............. (1)

x dx
e¯‘wU t mg‡q x `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| ZvB ZvrÿwYK †e‡Mi msÁvbymv‡i, v = Lt t →0 = | AZGe, (1) bs n‡Z cvB,
t dt
dx
= v0 + at ev, dx = v0dt + atdt
dt
hLb t = 0 ZLb x = x0 Ges t = t ZLb x = x | GB mxgvi g‡a¨ DcwiD³ mgxKiY‡K mgvKjb K‡i Avgiv cvB,
t
x t t t2  1
 dx = v0  dt + a  tdt ev, [ x] = v0 [t ] + a   ev, x − x0 = v0 (t − 0) + a(t 2 − 0)
x t
x0 o
x0 0 o
 2 0 2
1
ev, x − x0 = v0 t + at 2 |
2
1
 x = x0 + v0 t + at 2 |
2
1
wKš‘, x − x0 n‡”Q e¯‘i miY x | GB miY‡K s w`‡q cÖKvk Ki‡j D³ mgxKiY `vuovq, S = v0t + at 2 |
2
7| v2 = vo2 + 2as mgxKiY cÖwZcv`b:

aiv hvK, PQ ‡iLv¯’ GKwU wbw`©ó we›`y O ‡_‡K v0 Avw`‡eM wb‡q a mgš^i‡Y P‡j t mg‡q GKwU e¯‘KYv x `~iZ¡
AwZµg K‡i A Ae¯’v‡b Av‡m| A Ae¯’v‡b Gi †eM v | aiv hvK, t + t mg‡q D³ e¯‘KYv x + x `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i B
v dv
we›`y‡Z ‡cŠ‡Q †hLv‡b Gi †eM v + v | GLb ZvrÿwYK Z¡i‡Yi msÁvbymv‡i, a = Ltt →0 =  dv = adt .......(1)
t dt
x dx
Avevi, ZvrÿwYK †e‡Mi msÁvbymv‡i, v = Lt t →0 =  dx = vdt ........................ (2)
t dt
dv a
| myZivs (1) bs mgxKiY‡K (2) bs mgxKiY w`‡q fvM K‡i cvB, = ev, vdv = adx ...........(3)
dx v
hLb x = x0 ZLb v = v0 hLb Ges x = x ZLb v = v | GB mxgvi g‡a¨ (3) bs mgxKiY‡K mgvKjb K‡i cvB,
v
v x  v2  1 2 2
 vdv = a  dx
v0 x0
ev,   = a[ x]xx0
 2 v
ev,
2
(v − v 0 ) = a( x − x0 ) ev, v 2 − v 20 = 2a( x − x0 )
0

 v 2 = v 20 + 2a( x − x0 )
wKš‘, x − x0 n‡”Q e¯‘i miY x | GB miY‡K s w`‡q cÖKvk Ki‡j D³ mgxKiY `vuovq,
v 2 = vo2 + 2as |
 Ae¯’vb-mgq I †eM-mgq †jLwPÎ
8| mgZ¡iY MwZi †ÿ‡Î †eM ebvg mgq †jLwPÎ A¼b Ges GB †jLwPÎ n‡Z wb‡Pi mgxKiY¸‡jvi cÖgvY:
(K) S = v0 t + 1 at 2 (L) v2 = vo2 + 2as
2
mgZ¡i‡Y MwZkxj †Kvb e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î X A‡ÿi w`‡K mgq t Ges Y A‡ÿi w`‡K ‡eM v wb‡q v − t †jLwPÎ A¼b Kiv nq| GwU Y
Aÿ‡K †Q`Kvix GKwU mij‡iLv nq hv v = v0 + at mgxKiY †g‡b P‡j|
Avgiv Rvwb, v ebvg t †jLwP‡Îi †h †Kvb we›`y †_‡K X A‡ÿi Ici j¤^ Uvb‡j †h †ÿÎ
Drcbœ nq Zvi †ÿÎdj v Ges t Gi ¸Ydj Z_v AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s wb‡`©k K‡i|
AB ‡iLvi Ici †h †Kvb we›`y P ‡bqv nq| P ‡_‡K X A‡ÿi Ici PQ j¤^ Uvbv nq|
Zvn‡j OQ = t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ s n‡e OAPQ ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj|
aiv hvK, KYvwUi Z¡iY a , Avw` †eM v0 = OA , AwZevwnZ mgq t = OQ |
myZivs t mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ OAPQ ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj|
1
(K) S = v0 t + at 2 mgxKiY cÖgvY:
2
 AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, S = OAPQ ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = OARQ AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj + ARP wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj|
1 1
 S = AO  OQ +  AR  PR = AO  OQ +  OQ  PR [ AR = OQ]
2 2
PR 1
wKš‘, AB ‡iLvi Xvj n‡”Q KYvwUi Z¡iY a |  a = ev, PR = a  AR = a  OQ  S = AO  OQ + a  OQ 2
AR 2
1
ev, S = v0 t + at 2 |
2
(L) v = vo + 2as mgxKiY cÖgvY:
2 2

1
Avevi, AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡, S = OAPQ ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj =  mgvšÍivj evûi †hvMdj  mgvšÍivj evûi `~iZ¡
2
1 PQ − RQ
=  ( AO + PQ )  AR | AB ‡iLvi Xvj n‡jv KYvwUi Z¡iY a |  a = PR ev, AR =
2 AR a
1 PQ − RQ 1 v − v0 v − v0
2 2
 S =  ( AO + PQ )  =  (v0 + v)  =
2 a 2 a 2a
ev, v − v0 = 2aS
2 2

ev, v 2 = v02 + 2aS |

9| Ae¯’vb †f±i‡K e¨eKjb K‡i †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q|

cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †h †f±i w`‡q †Kvb we›`yi Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K Ae¯’vb †f±i e‡j| wP‡Î GKwU e¯‘i
wØgvwÎK MwZi †ÿ‡Î Zvi MwZc_ †`Lv‡bv nj| GLv‡b XY mgZ‡j e¯‘i MwZc_ APB ‡`Lv‡bv nj| ‡Kvb e¯‘ Zvi Pjvi c‡_ †Kvb GK mgq
→  
t ‡Z hw` P( x, y ) we›`y‡Z Av‡m Zvn‡j Zvi Ae¯’vb †f±i, r = xi + yj
‡h †Kvb mgq e¨eav‡b †Kvb e¯‘i M‡o cÖwZ GKK mg‡q†h miY nq Zv‡K e¯‘wUi Mo †eM e‡j|
→
→ →r
t mgq e¨eav‡b †Kvb e¯‘i miY r n‡j, Mo †eM v = |
t
GLb, mg‡qi e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo †e‡Mi mxgvwšÍK gvb‡K Gi †eM e‡j|
→ →
r dr d   dx  dy   
ev, v = (xi + yj ) ev, v = i +
→ → → →
 v = Ltt →0 = j  v = vx i + v y j
t dt dt dt dt
mg‡qi e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j mg‡qi mv‡_ e¯‘i †e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Z¡iY e‡j|
→
 
(vx i + v y j ) dvx  dv y 
→ → → →
dv d
a = ev, a = ev, a = i+ j  a = axi + a y j
dt dt dt dt
MvwYwZK mgm¨vejx:
1| 100ms −1 ‡eM m¤úbœ †Kvb ey‡jU 2m cyiæ †`qvj †f` K‡i †ewi‡q Avmvi mgq 60ms −1 †eM cÖvß nq| ey‡jUwU‡K m¤ú~Y©
_vgv‡Z KZ cyiæ †`qvj cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Ges m¤ú~Y© _vg‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e wbY©q Ki|
2| GKwU evN 8m mgv‡b GKwU nwiY‡K †`L‡Z †c‡q w¯’ive¯’vb n‡Z 1ms −2 Z¡i‡Y Zvi †cQ‡b †`Šov‡Z _v‡K| GKB mg‡q
nwiYwU †Ui †c‡q 3ms −1 †e‡M †`Šov‡Z _vK‡j KZÿY ci Ges KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i evNwU nwiYwU‡K ai‡Z cvi‡e wbY©q Ki|
1
3| s = t 3 + 3t m~Îvbymv‡i GKwU e¯‘ mij †iLvq Pj‡Q| 2 s c‡i Gi †eM I Z¡iY KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
3
→ → →
4| ‡Kvb KYvi Ae¯’vb †f±i r = [(3ms −1 )t + 4.2m]iˆ + [5.3m] ˆj n‡j Gi †eM v Ges Z¡iY a KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
5| GK e¨w³ GKwU Mvwo‡K w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 10s mgZ¡i‡Y Pvjvj| AZci 10 min mg‡e‡M Pvjv‡bvi ci †eªK †P‡c 5 s mg‡qi
g‡a¨ MvwowU _vgvj| hvÎv ïiæi 2 s ci Mvwoi †eM 4ms −1 n‡j Mvwo KZ…©K ‡gvU AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
6| `ywU Mvwo 10ms −1 Ges 5ms −1 †eM wb‡q GKwU cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïiæ K‡i| Zv‡`i Z¡iY h_vµ‡g 2ms −2 Ges 3ms −2 | hw`
Mvwo `ywU GKB mg‡q †kl cÖv‡šÍ †cŠQvq Z‡e Zviv KZ mgq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi AskMÖnY K‡iwQj Ges KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡iwQj?

7| GKwU †Uªb w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 10ms −2 Z¡i‡Y Pj‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| GKB ¯’vb n‡Z GKB mg‡q GKwU Mvwo 100ms −1 mg‡e‡M
†Uª‡bi mgvšÍiv‡j Pjv ïiæ Kij| †Uªb MvwowU‡K KLb †cQ‡b †dj‡e Ges †cQ‡b †dj‡Z †UªbwU KZ `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡e?

8| GKwU ey‡jU †Kvb †`qv‡j 0.04m cÖ‡ek Kivi ci 75% †eM nvivq| H †`qv‡j ey‡jUwU Avi KZ `~i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
9| GKwU evm w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 2ms −2 Z¡i‡Y Pj‡Z ïiæ Kij| 10ms −1 †e‡M †`Šuov‡Z mÿg †Kvb e¨w³ evm †_‡K 25m
Gi †ewk †cQb †_‡K ‡`Š‡o evmwU‡K ai‡Z cvi‡e wK-bv MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
10| GKwU †Uªb w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 6ms −2 Z¡i‡Y Pj‡Z Avi¤¢ Kij| GKB mg‡q GKwU Mvwo 900m mvg‡bi †Kvb ¯’vb †_‡K
100ms −1 mg‡e‡M †Uª‡bi mgvšÍiv‡j Pjv ïiæ Kij| MvwowU KZ c_ AwZµg Ki‡j †Uªb MvwowU‡K †cQ‡b †dj‡e?
11| GKwU Mvwo 50ms −1 mg‡e‡M P‡j hvIqvi mgq GKRb cywjk mv‡R©›U UªvwdK AvBb Agvb¨ Kivi Awf‡hv‡M w¯’i Ae¯’vb
†_‡K 2.5ms −2 Z¡i‡Y MvwowU‡K aivi Rb¨ avIqv Kij| mv‡R›U KZ `~i wM‡q Awfhy³ MvwowU‡K ai‡Z cvi‡e wbY©q Ki|
12| GKwU ivB‡d‡ji Mywj cÖwZwU 5cm cyiy‡Z¡i `yBwU Kv‡Vi Z³v‡K †f` Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges c„_Kfv‡e †Kvb GKwU †`qv‡ji g‡a¨
20cm cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` GKwU Z³v †`qv‡ji mvg‡b mshy³ _v‡K Z‡e ¸wjwU †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ KZUzKz †f` Ki‡Z cvi‡e?
13| mg‡e‡M Pjgvb GKwU Mvwo †eªK Klvi ci cÖ_g 250m AwZµg K‡i 20s -G Ges wØZxq 250m AwZµg K‡i 30s -G|
MvwowU m¤ú~Y© _vg‡Z Avi KZUzKz `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e wbY©q Ki|
14| mgZ¡i‡Y P‡j GKwU Mvwo 10s -G 300m `~i‡Z¡i `ywU we›`y‡K AwZµg K‡i| wØZxq we›`ywU AwZµg Kivi mgq Zvi †eM wQj
45ms −1 | MvwowUi Z¡iY KZ Ges cÖ_g we›`y n‡Z KZ `~‡i MvwowU w¯’ive¯’vq wQj wbY©q Ki|
15| GKwU e¯‘ mylg Z¡i‡Y Pj‡Q| GwU 5th †m‡K‡Û 50m Ges 10th †m‡K‡Û 100m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| e¯‘wUi Avw`‡eM, Z¡iY
I 20 †m‡K‡Û AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
16| GKwU e¯‘i Z¡iY mg‡qi mv‡_ a = 3t + 4 mgxKiY Abymv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq| 2 s ci e¯‘wUi †eM KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
17| GKwU Mvwo w¯’i Ae¯’vb †_‡K 1ms −2 mgZ¡i‡Y 15s P‡j| GKB ¯’vb †_‡K Aci GKwU Mvwo 22.5ms −1 Avw`‡e‡M Ges
− 1ms −2 mgZ¡i‡Y 15s P‡j| cieZx©‡Z Mvwo `ywU Av‡iv 15s mg‡e‡M P‡j| hvÎv ïiæi KZ mgq ci G‡`i †eM mgvb n‡e
Ges †Kvb MvwowU AwaKZi `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e wbY©q Ki|
18| `ywU Mvwoi ga¨eZx© `~iZ¡ 150km Ges GKwU AciwUi w`‡K h_vµ‡g 40kmhr −1 Ges 60kmhr −1 †e‡M Pj‡Q| KZ mgq ci
Mvwo `ywU ci¯úi‡K AwZµg Ki‡e wbY©q Ki|
19| GKwU Mvwo cÖ_g 4 s -G 80m Ges cieZ©x 4 s -G 160m `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| MvwowUi Avw`‡eM I Z¡iY wbY©q Ki|
20| GKwU wegvb e›`‡ii ivbI‡qi ˆ`N¨© 100m | GKwU D‡ovRvnvR Dovi c~e© gyn~‡Z© 216kmhr −1 †eM AR©b Ki‡Z nq|
D‡ovRvnvRwU 15ms −2 Z¡i‡Y Z¡vwiZ n‡q ivbI‡q †_‡K Do‡Z mÿg n‡e wK? ivbI‡qi ˆ`N¨© me©wb¤œ KZ n‡j D‡ovRvnvRwU
Do‡Z mÿg n‡e wbY©q Ki|
21| GKwU e¯‘i Ae¯’vb mg‡qi mv‡_ S = 36t − 3t 3 mgxKiY Abymv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq| e¯‘wU KLb ÿwY‡Ki Rb¨ w¯’bve¯’vq _vK‡e?
22| wb‡Pi mviwY‡Z GKwU e¯‘i mg‡qi mv‡_ †e‡Mi cwieZ©b †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
mgq(sec) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
−1
‡eM( ms ) 5 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 5 0
K| e¯‘wUi †eM ebvg mgq †jLwPÎ AsKb Ki Ges G mg‡q AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
L| e¯‘wUi cÖ_gv‡a© I wØZxqv‡a© AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ mgvb n‡e wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
10| cÖvm I cÖv‡mi MwZi ˆewkó¨|
†Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K Abyf’wg‡Ki mv‡_ wZh©Kfv‡e k~‡b¨ wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j H wbwÿß e¯‘‡K cÖvm ev cÖ‡ÿcK e‡j| †hgb- k~‡b¨ wbwÿß
wµ‡KU ej, dzUej, ekv©, †ÿcYv¯¿ BZ¨vw`| cÖv‡mi MwZi ˆewkó¨:
• cÖv‡mi MwZ Djø¤^ Z‡j mxgve×| Gi MwZ MwZ wØ-gvwÎK wKš‘, Z¡iY GKgvwÎK nq|
• cÖvm ïaygvÎ AwfKl© e‡ji Aax‡b MwZkxj _v‡K| Gi MwZc_ Awae„ËvKvi ev c¨viv‡evwjK nq|

11| GKwU cÖv‡mi MwZc_, wePiYKvj, cvjøv I mev©waK D”PZvi mgxKiY|

cÖv‡mi MwZc_: aiv hvK, f~wgi Dci¯’ O we›`y n‡Z GKwU cÖv‡m‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nj| O we›`y‡K g~j we›`y aiv nj| OX I OY
h_vµ‡g X I Y Aÿ| wb‡ÿcY †eM v0 Ges wb‡ÿcY ‡KvY  0 | wb‡ÿcY we›`y I g~jwe›`y GKB nIqvi Kvi‡Y, x0 = y0 = 0 |
→ →  → 
AwfKl©R Z¡iY g Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K wµqvkxj| AZGe, cÖv‡mi Z¡iY, a = − g j | Avevi, a = axi + a y j |
 a x = 0 Ges a y = − g |
X Aÿ eivei MwZi cwieZ©b D³ Aÿ eivei Z¡i‡Yi Dci wbf©ikxj Ges Y Aÿ eivei MwZi cwieZ©b D³ Aÿ eivei Z¡i‡Yi
Dci wbf©ikxj| G `ywU Aÿ eivei MwZi cwieZ©b ci¯úi wbf©ikxj bq|
wP‡Î, Avw`‡e‡Mi Abyf~wgK Dcvsk, vx 0 = vo cos o
Avw`‡e‡Mi Dj¤^ Dcvsk, v y 0 = vo sin o
aiv hvK, t mg‡q cÖvmwU P( x, y) we›`y‡Z †cŠQvq| †m‡ÿ‡Î,
1
Abyf‚wgK miY, x = x0 + vxot + axt 2 ev, x = (v0 cos0 )t .............(1)
2
1 1
Dj¤^ miY, y = y0 + v y 0t + a y t 2 ev, y = (v0 sin 0 )t − gt 2 ......(2)
2 2
x
Gevi (1) bs n‡Z cvB, t = | GB gvb (2) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
v0 cos  0
2
x 1  x   gx 2 
y = (v0 sin  0 )  − g    y = x tan 0 −  2 |
v0 cos  0 2  v0 cos 0  
 2v0 cos  0 
2

g
aivhvK, tan  o = b (aªæeK) Ges 2 2 = c (aªæeK)|  y = bx − cx 2
2v0 cos  0
GB mgxKiYwU GKwU c¨viv‡evjvi mgxKiY| ZvB, cÖv‡mi MwZc_ GKwU c¨viv‡evjv|

wePiY Kvj: Dr‡ÿcY gyûZ© n‡Z †h mgq c‡i †Kvb cÖvm cÖm½ mgZ‡j wd‡i Av‡m Zv‡K wePiY Kvj e‡j| awi, cÖvmwUi wePiY Kvj
T | Zvn‡j T mg‡q cÖvmwU cÖm½ mgZ‡j wd‡i Av‡m| A_©vr T mg‡q Y = 0 n‡e| AZGe (2) bs mgxKi‡Y gvb ewm‡q cvB,
2v sin  0
O = (v0 sin  0 )T − gT 2
1 1
ev, gT 2 = v0 sin  0T T = 0
2 2 g

cvjøv: T mg‡q cÖvmwU Abyf~wgK w`‡K †h `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i ZvB cvjøv| awi, cÖvmwUi cvjøv R | Zvn‡j (1) bs mgxKiY n‡Z cvB,
2v0 sin  0 v0 2 sin  0 cos  0 v0 sin 2 0
2 2
R = (v0 cos 0 ) T ev, R = v0 cos  0  ev, R = R =
g g g
→ → → →
mev©waK D”PZv: P( x, y) we›`y‡Z cÖv‡mi †eM v n‡j, v = v0 + a t | myZivs X Aÿ eivei †eM, vx = vx 0 + axt = vo coso
Y Aÿ eivei †eM, v y = v y 0 + a y t ev, v y = vo sino − gt | wKš‘, mev©waK D”PZvq v y 0 = 0 | ZvB mev©waK D”PZvq ‡cŠuQvi
vo sin  o
mgq tmax n‡j, 0 = vo sino − gtmax ev, tmax = | Gevi tmax Gi GB gvb (2) bs mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
g
2
v sin  o 1  v sin  o  v 2 sin 2  0 v02 sin 2  0 v02 sin 2  0
mev©waK D”PZv, H = (v0 sin  0 )  o − g   o  ev, H = 0 − H = |
g 2  g  g 2g 2g
12| Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i mev©waK D”PZv, DÌvbKvj, cZbKvj I wePiYKvj:

mev©waK D”PZv: aivhvK, GKwU e¯‘‡K f’wg †_‡K v0 Avw`‡e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j e¯‘wU mev©waK H D”PZvq ‡cŠ‡Q|
v02
mev©waK D”PZvq e¯‘wUi †kl †eM k~b¨ n‡e| d‡j, v 2 = v02 − 2 gh mgxKiY n‡Z cvB, 0 2 = v02 − 2 gH  H =
2g

DÌvbKvj: Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘ mev©waK D”PZvq †cŠQ‡Z †h mgq jv‡M Zv n‡jv DÌvbKvj| aivhvK, DÌvbKvj t | mev©waK
v0
D”PZvq e¯‘wUi †kl †eM k~b¨ nIqvq, v = v0 − gt mgxKiY n‡Z cvB, 0 = v0 − gt t =
g
cZbKvj: mev©waK D”PZvq e¯‘wUi †kl †eM k~b¨ nIqvq mev©waK D”PZv †_‡K cZ‡bi mgq Avw`‡eM k~b¨ nq| mev©waK D”PZv †_‡K
1 1 v02 1 2 v
f’wg‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z mgq jv‡M t  | d‡j, h = v0 t + gt 2 e¨envi K‡i cvB, H = gt  2 ev,= gt   t  = 0
2 2 2g 2 g
wePiYKvj: Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i DÌvbKvj I cZbKv‡ji mgwó‡K wePiYKvj e‡j| aivhvK, wePiYKvj n‡jv T | Zvn‡j,
v v 2v
T = DÌvbKvj + cZbKvj = t + t  = 0 + 0 T = 0
g g g

mylg e„Ëxq MwZ

13| ZvrÿwYK ‡KŠwYK †eM I ZvrÿwYK ‡KŠwYK Z¡iY|
ZvrÿwYK †KŠwYK †eM: mg‡qi e¨eavi k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j, mg‡qi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i ‡KŠwYK mi‡Yi nvi‡K †KŠwYK †eM ev
ZvrÿwYK †KŠwYK †eM e‡j| aivhvK, GKwU e¯‘ e„ËvKvi c‡_ N~Y©biZ| A n‡”Q e¯‘i Avw` Ae¯’vb| B n‡”Q t mg‡q e¯‘i Ae¯’vb|
C n‡”Q t + t mg‡q e¯‘i Ae¯’vb| Zvn‡j t mgq e¨eav‡b e¯‘wUi †KŠwYK miY  |

Zvn‡j Mo †KŠwYK †eM,  = | wKš‘, mg‡qi e¨eavb k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo †KŠwYK †e‡Mi
t
 d
mxgvwšÍK gvb‡KB ZvrÿwYK ‡KŠwYK †eM e‡j| ZvB,  = Lt t →0 = |
t dt
2
e„ËvKvi c_wU m¤ú~Y© GKevi Ny‡i Avm‡Z KYvwUi †h mgq jv‡M Zv‡K ch©vq Kvj e‡j| †Kv‡bv e¯‘i chv©q Kvj T n‡j,  = |
T
wKš‘, cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û e¯‘ hZ¸‡jv c~Y© N~Y©b m¤úbœ K‡i Zv‡K K¤úvsK e‡j| K¤úvsK f n‡j,  = 2f |
2N
Avevi e¯‘wU t mg‡q N msL¨K c~Y© N~Y©b m¤úbœ Ki‡j, = |
t
ZvrÿwYK †KŠwYK Z¡iY: mg‡qi e¨eavi k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ n‡j, mg‡qi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv e¯‘i ‡KŠwYK ‡e‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K †KŠwYK
Z¡iY ev ZvrÿwYK †KŠwYK Z¡iY e‡j| aivhvK, GKwU e¯‘ e„ËvKvi c‡_ N~Y©biZ| A n‡”Q e¯‘i Avw` Ae¯’vb| B n‡”Q t mg‡q e¯‘i
Ae¯’vb| C n‡”Q t + t mg‡q e¯‘i Ae¯’vb| B Ae¯’v‡b Gi †KŠwYK †eM  Ges C Ae¯’v‡b Gi †KŠwYK †eM  +  | Zvn‡j
 
t mgq e¨eav‡b e¯‘wUi †KŠwYK ‡e‡Mi cwieZ©b  | Zvn‡j Mo †KŠwYK Z¡iY,  = | wKš‘, mg‡qi e¨eavb k~‡b¨i
t
 d
KvQvKvwQ n‡j Mo †KŠwYK Z¡i‡Yi mxgvwšÍK gvb‡KB ZvrÿwYK ‡KŠwYK Z¡iY e‡j| ZvB,  = Lt t →0 = |
t dt
→ → →
14| mylg e„Ëxq MwZi †ÿ‡Î †KŠwYK‡eM I ‰iwLK‡e‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©: v =  r |

mylg e„Ëxq MwZ: †Kvb e¯‘ ev KYv †Kv‡bv we›`y ev Aÿ‡K ‡K›`ª K‡i e„ËvKvi c‡_ AvewZ©Z n‡j Gi MwZ‡K e„Ëxq e‡j| Avi e„Ëxq
MwZi gvb hw` mg‡qi mv‡_ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j G‡K mylg e„Ëxq MwZ e‡j| wP‡Î, GKwU e¯‘ KYvi mylg e„Ëxq MwZ cÖ`wk©Z nj|
KYvwU O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i ABC e„ËvKvi c‡_ AvewZ©Z n‡”Q|
e¨vmva© †f±i: GKwU KYv e„ËvKvi c‡_ Nyi‡Z _vK‡j, †K›`ª I KYvi Ae¯’v‡bi ms‡hvMKvix mij †iLv‡K
→
e¨vmv©a ‡f±i e‡j| wP‡Î KYvwU hLb A Ae¯’v‡b _v‡K ZLb Gi e¨vmva© †f±i OA Ges B Ae¯’v‡b
→
_v‡K ZLb Gi e¨vmva© †f±i OB |
aiv hvK, GKwU e¯‘ cÖm‡½ KvVv‡gvi Z A‡ÿi Ici Aew¯’Z O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i XY mgZ‡j Nwoi KvuUvi wecixZ w`‡K e„ËvKvi
→
c‡_ Nyi‡Q| †h †Kvb gyn~‡Z© Zvi ˆiwLK †eM v e„ËvKvi c‡_i H we›`y‡Z Aw¼Z ¯úk©K eivei MwZi Awfgy‡L| Av‡iv aiv hvK,
→
e¯‘wUi †KŠwYK †eM  | WvbnvwZ ¯Œz wbqg †_‡K hvi w`‡K cvIqv hvq e„ËvKvi c‡_i Awfj¤^ eivei A_©vr abvZ¥K Z Aÿ eivei|
→
aiv hvK, cÖm½ KvVv‡gvi g~j we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ †h †Kvb gyn~‡Z© e¯‘wUi Ae&m_vb †f±i r hv abvZ¥K
→
Z A‡ÿi mv‡_ Z_v  Gi w`‡Ki mv‡_  †Kvb Drcbœ K‡i| myZivs e¯‘wU †h e„ËvKvi c‡_ Ny‡i Zvi
2r sin 
e¨vmva© r sin  | e¯‘wUi ch©vqKvj T n‡j Zvi ‰iwLK †e‡Mi gvb, v = = r sin 
T
→ →
wKš‘  Ges r n‡”Q h_vµ‡g `ywU †f±i- †KŠwYK †eM  Ges Ae¯’vb †f±i r Gi gvb Ges  Zv‡`i
→ → → →
AšÍfz©³ ÿy`ªZi †KvY| r sin  n‡”Q  Ges r Gi wKsev r Ges  Gi †f±i ¸Yd‡ji gvb|
→ → → → → → → → →
 v = r sin  =  r = r  ev, v =  r = r 
→ → → → → → →
myZivs v nq  r Gi mgvb, bv nq r   Gi mgvb n‡e| wKš‘, eY©bv I wPÎ †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h,  Ges r Gi mgZ‡j GKwU
→ → → → →
WvbnvwZ ¯Œz‡K j¤^fv‡e ¯’vcb K‡i  ‡_‡K r Gi w`‡K ÿz`ªZi †Kv‡Y Nyiv‡j v Gi w`‡KB AMÖmi nq; r ‡_‡K  Gi w`‡K
→ → → →
ÿz`ªZi †Kv‡Y ¯ŒzwU Nyiv‡j †mwU v Gi w`‡K AMÖmi nq bv| myZivs  r Gi w`KB v Gi w`K|| AZGe ‡f±i ¸Y‡bi WvbnvwZ ¯Œ
→ → →
wbqgvbymv‡i cvB, v =  r | (cÖgvwYZ)

16| †K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY I Gi ivwkgvjv|

e„Ëc‡_ N~Y©biZ KYv ev e¯‘i GKwU Z¡iY _v‡K hvi AwfgyL me©`vB †K‡›`ªi w`‡K| G‡K †K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY e‡j| mg-`ªywZ‡Z mij †iLvq
Pjgvb e¯Íi Z¡iY _v‡K bv wKš‘ e„Ëc‡_ mg-`ªæwZ‡Z AveZ©biZ e¯Íi Z¡iY _v‡K|
aiv hvK, GKwU KYv r e¨vmv‡a©i e„Ëc‡_ v mg-`ªæwZ‡Z AveZ©biZ|
†Kvb GK gyn~‡Z© KYvwU A Ae¯’v‡b Av‡Q| AwZ ÿy`ª mgq t c‡i KYvwU B Ae¯’v‡b ‡cŠQvq|
A Ae¯’v‡b Gi ‡eM ¯úk©K AC eivei| B Ae¯’v‡b †eM ¯úk©K BD eivei| AC I BD Gi
wgjbwe›`y n‡”Q E | wPÎvbyhvqx, OAEB PZzf©y‡R, AOB + AEB = 2 mg‡KvY|
Avevi, BEC + AEB = 2 mg‡KvY|  BEC = AOB =  |
B we›`y‡Z KYvwUi †h †eM Zv‡K `ywU Dcvs‡k wef³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
AC Gi mgvšÍivj w`‡K Dcvsk, vx = v cos  Ges
AO Gi mgvšÍivj w`‡K Dcvsk, v y = v sin  |
t mgqvšÍiwU AwZ ÿz`ª| ZvB,  †KvYwU AwZ ÿz`ª Ges B I A we›`y AwZ wbKUeZx©| Avgiv Rvwb,  AwZ ÿz`ª n‡j, cos  = 1
Ges sin  =  (‡iwWqvb GK‡K)|  B Ae¯’v‡b, vx = v ; v y = v | Avevi, A Ae¯’v‡b, vx = v ; v y = 0 |
A_©vr, A Ae¯’vb n‡Z B Ae¯’v‡b †M‡j, v x Gi cwieZ©b 0 Ges v y Gi cwieZ©b v | myZivs ‡`Lv hv‡”Q †h, AC eivei †e‡Mi
†Kvb cwieZ©b †bB, A_©vr, †KvY Z¡iY †bB| AO eivei †e‡Mi cwieZ©b v | AZGe, AO eivei Z¡iY Av‡Q Ges Gi gvb n‡jv
v v v v2 v 2  2r 2
| myZivs ‡K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY, a = = v = v  = | ev, a = = | KviY, v = r |
t t r r r r
→ →
 a =  2 r | †f±iiƒ‡c wjLv hvq, a = − 2 r |

‡KŠwYK Z¡i‡Yi mv‡_ ˆiwLK Z¡i‡Yi m¤úK©:

aivhvK, GKwU e¯‘ r e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ N~Y©biZ| A n‡”Q e¯‘i Avw` Ae¯’vb| B n‡”Q t mg‡q e¯‘i Ae¯’vb| GB
Ae¯’v‡b e¯‘wUi ˆiwLK †eM v Ges †KŠwYK †eM  n‡j v = r | GLb GB mgxKiY‡K t Gi mv‡c‡ÿ e¨Kjb K‡i cvB,
dv d d dv d
= (r ) = r | wKš‘, n‡”Q ˆiwLK Z¡iY a Ges n‡”Q †KŠwYK Z¡iY  |  a = r |
dt dt dt dt dt
MvwYwZK mgm¨vejx:
1| GKwU dzUej‡K f~wg †_‡K 300 †Kv‡Y 40ms −1 †e‡M wKK& Kiv nj| 2 s c‡i dzUe‡ji †e‡Mi gvb wbY©q Ki|
2| f~wg †_‡K 5km DPz w`‡q 300ms −1 †e‡M Abyf~wgK eivei Pjvi mgq ‡Kvb wegvb †_‡K GKwU e¯‘ †d‡j †`Iqv nj| e¯‘wU KZ
mgq c‡i Ges †Kv_vq f~wg‡Z co‡e?
3| GKwU ej‡K f~wgi mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡j GwU 20m `~‡i GKwU `vjv‡bi Qv‡` wM‡q c‡o| wb‡ÿc we›`y
†_‡K Qv‡`i D”PZv 5m n‡j ejwU KZ †e‡M †Qvuov n‡qwQj wbY©q Ki|
4| Abyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 300 †KvY K‡i f~c„ô †_‡K 40ms −1 †e‡M GKwU ey‡jU ‡Qvov nj| ey‡jUwU 30m `~‡i Aew¯’Z †`qvj‡K KZ
D”PZvq Ges KZ †e‡M AvNvZ Ki‡e wbY©q Ki|
5| GKwU e¯‘‡K Abyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡Y 30ms −1 †e‡M wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| G ‡_‡K wbY©q Ki:
(K) me©vwaK D”PZv (L) me©vwaK D”PZvq IVvi mgq (M) Abyf~wgK cvjøv (N) f~wg‡Z AvNvZ Kivi mgq|
6| GKwU cvnv‡oi P~ov †_‡K GKwU e¯‘‡K Abyf~wgKfv‡e 40ms −1 †e‡M wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| wb‡ÿ‡ci 3s ci Gi †eM wbY©q Ki|
7| GKwU dzUej‡K mgZj f’wgi 2m Dci †_‡K Abyf’wg‡Ki mv‡_ 16 0 †Kv‡Y wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| ejwU f’wg‡Z covi Av‡M 15m
AbyfzwgK `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i| dzUejwUi wb‡ÿcb †eM KZ wbY©q Ki|
8| 120m DPz GKwU `vjv‡bi Qv` †_‡K GKwU e¯‘‡K 20ms −1 †e‡M Abyf’wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 0 †Kv‡Y wb‡Pi w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|
e¯‘wU f’wg‡Z covi Av‡M KZ AbyfzwgK `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e Ges GwU KZ †Kv‡Y f’wg‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡e|
9| 30m DPz ‡Kvb ¯Í‡¤¢i Dci †_‡K GKwU e¯‘‡K 20ms −1 †e‡M Abyf’wg‡Ki mv‡_ 30 0 †Kv‡Y Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv|
e¯‘wU †h w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv †m w`‡K ¯Í¤¢ n‡Z 60m `~‡i GKwU `vjvb Aew¯’Z| e¯‘wU wb‡ÿ‡ci KZ mgq ci `vjvb‡K
AvNvZ Ki‡e Ges f’wg †_‡K KZ D”PZvq AvNvZ Ki‡e|
10| ‡Kvb GKwU e¯‘‡K 100ms −1 †e‡M Abyf’wg‡Ki mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| wb‡ÿc‡bi 3s ci e¯‘wUi
†eM, Abyf‚wgK `~iZ¡ Ges D”PZv KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
11| f’wg‡Z cwZZ GKwU †evgv dvU‡j Gi KYv¸‡jv Pviw`‡K 100ms −1 †e‡M Qwo‡q c‡o| f’c„‡ôi †h e„ËvKvi Ask Ry‡o KYv¸‡jv
gvwU‡Z c‡o Zvi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki|
12| 500m D”PZv †_‡K GKwU e¯‘ †d‡j †`qv n‡jv| GKB mgq Ab¨ GKwU e¯‘‡K 100ms −1 †e‡M Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nj|
e¯‘ `ywU KLb I †Kv_vq wgwjZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
13| GKwU UzKiv cv_i‡K 196ms −1 ‡e‡M Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv nj| G †_‡K wbY©q Ki:
(K) DÌvbKvj (L) cZbKvj (M) wePiYKvj (N) mev©waK D”PZv (O) 4 s c‡i cv_iwUi †eM KZ n‡e?
−1
14| GKwU wegvb weaŸsmx †Mvjv 500ms †e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K †Qvuov nj| (K) GwU m‡e©v”P KZ D”PZvq DV‡e? (L) H
D”PvZvq DV‡Z KZ mgq jvM‡e? (M) 60s †k‡l Zvi ZvrÿwYK †eM KZ n‡e? (N) KLb Gi D”PZv 10km n‡e wbY© Ki|
15| GKwU KYv 4.5m e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ cÖwZ wgwb‡U 225 evi AveZ©b K‡i| Gi †KŠwYK‡eM I ˆiwLK†eM KZ wbY©q Ki|
16| GKwU evjK myZvq †eu‡a GKwU cv_i‡K Zvi gv_vi Dci w`‡q Abyf~wgK e„ËvKvi c‡_ Nyiv‡”Q| e„‡Ëi e¨vmva© 0.96m Ges
AveZ©b Kvj 1.1s n‡j cv_wUi †KvŠwYK‡eM, ˆiwLK‡eM, †KŠwYK Z¡iY I ‡K›`ªgyLx Z¡iY KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
17| 50m DPz ‡Kvb ¯Í‡¤¢i Dci †_‡K GKwU e¯‘‡K 10ms −1 ‡e‡M Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| GKB mg‡q Aci GKwU
e¯‘‡K 10ms −1 †e‡M wb‡Pi w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| e¯‘Øq GKB †e‡M f‚wg‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡e wK-bv MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
18| GKwU †evgviæ wegvb Abyf‚wgKfv‡e MwZkxj Ae¯’vq GKwU †evgv †Q‡o ‡`q| †evgvwU 3km Abyf‚wgK `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z jÿ¨e¯‘‡K 15s
ci AvNvZ K‡i| ‡evgv Qvuovi mgq wegvbwUi †eM KZ wQj Ges f‚wg †_‡K KZ D”PZvq wQj wbY©q Ki|
19| GKRb c¨vivmyU Av‡ivnx gy³ n‡q evavnxbfv‡e 50m wb‡P cwZZ n‡q c¨vivmyUwU Aegy³ K‡i| G‡Z Zvi MwZ n«v‡mi nvi
2ms −2 nq Ges H Av‡ivnx 3ms −1 †e‡M gvwU‡Z cv ‡d‡jb| KZ D”PZvq Av‡ivnx gy³ n‡qwQj wbY©q Ki|
20| SY©vi gyL †_‡K wbqwgZ weiwZmn cvwbi †dvuUv 3.24m wb‡P †g‡S‡Z co‡Q| cÖ_g †dvuUvwU hLb †g‡S ¯úk© K‡i ZLb PZz_©
†dvuUv †Kej co‡Z ïiæ K‡i| cÖ_g †dvuUvwU †h gyn~‡Z© †g‡S ¯úk© K‡i ZLb SY©v †_‡K wØZxq I Z…Zxq †dvuUvi `~iZ¡ wbY©q Ki|
21| †Kvb GK wµ‡KU g¨v‡P R‡qi Rb¨ †kl e‡j cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv 6 ivb| e¨vUmg¨vb †kl ejwU‡K 450 †Kv‡Y 29ms −1 †e‡M AvNvZ
Kij| ÷ªvBwKs cÖvšÍ †_‡K evDÛvwi jvB‡ji `~iZ¡ 85m | Z‡e 82m `~‡i `vuov‡bv wdìvi ejwU aivi Rb¨ jvd w`‡q 3m
D”PZvq IVj| MvwYwZKfv‡e g¨v‡Pi djvdj we‡kølY Ki|
22| evsjv‡`k I Bsj¨v‡Ûi ga¨Kvi †Kv‡bv GK wµ‡KU g¨v‡P mvwKe Avj nvmv‡bi Kiv GKwU w¯úb ej‡K e¨vUmg¨vb 300 †Kv‡Y
20ms −1 †e‡M AvNvZ Kij| e¨vwUs jvBb n‡Z 40m `~‡i `vuwo‡q _vKv gwgbyj ejwU aivi Rb¨ mg‡e‡M †`Š‡o 2m D”PZvq
ejwU K¨vP ai‡Z mÿg n‡jv| gwgbyj ejwU aivi Rb¨ KZ †e‡M ‡`Šo w`‡qwQj wbY©q Ki|
23| evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi ga¨Kvi †Kv‡bv GK wµ‡KU g¨v‡P mvwKe Avj nvmv‡bi Kiv GKwU w¯úb ej‡K e¨vUmg¨vb weivU †Kvnwj
300 †Kv‡Y 20ms −1 †e‡M AvNvZ Kij| e¨vwUs jvBb n‡Z 60m `~‡i `vuwo‡q _vKv bvwmi †nv‡mb 8ms −1 mg‡e‡M †`Š‡o ejwU
K¨vP aivi Rb¨ AMÖmi n‡jv| bvwm‡ii c‡ÿ K¨vPwU aiv m¤¢e n‡jv wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
24| ‡Mvjiÿ‡Ki 80m mvg‡b ‡_‡K GKRb dzUej †L‡jvqvo Abyf‚g‡Ki mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y 25ms −1 †e‡M ej wKK& K‡i| GKB
mg‡q †MvjwKcvi ejwU aivi Rb¨ e‡ji w`‡K 10ms −1 mg‡e‡M †`Š‡o hvq| ejwU f‚wg‡Z covi Av‡M †MvjwKcvi ejwU ai‡Z
cvi‡e wK-bv MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
25| †Kvb GK dzUej g¨v‡P ‡gwm †Mvj‡cv‡÷i 35m mvg‡b ‡_‡K †Mvj‡cv‡÷i w`‡K Abyf‚g‡Ki mv‡_ 450 †Kv‡Y 20ms −1 †e‡M
wKK& K‡i| †Mvj‡cv‡÷i D”PZv 2.7 m | †gwmi wKK n‡Z †Mvj n‡e wK-bv MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

MvwYwZK mgm¨vejx:(m„Rbkxj)
26| ‡bBgvi f‚wgi mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡Y Ges 20ms −1 GKwU dzUej‡K wKK& K‡i cybivq wKK& Kivi Rb¨ 10ms −1 †e‡M †`Šo w`j|
K| 1.5s ‡m‡KÛ ci ejwUi †eM KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki|
L| f‚wg ¯úk© Kivi c~‡e© †bBgvi ejwU‡K cybivq wKK& Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
27| †ivbv‡ìv GKwU dzUej‡K f‚wg †_‡K 300 †Kv‡Y Ges 20ms −1 †e‡M wKK& Ki‡j dwUejwU 3m D”PZvi †Mvj †cv‡ói g‡a¨ †Kvb
iK‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv| †Mvj ev‡ii e¨vm 0.2m |
K| †ivjv‡Ûv †Mvj †cv‡ói KZ `~i †_‡K wKK& K‡ib wbY©q Ki|
L| ‡ivjv‡Ûv dzUejwU‡K KZ †e‡M wKK& Ki‡j ejwU †Mvj ev‡ii Dci w`‡q P‡j †hZ wbY©q Ki|
28| 100m D”PZv wewkó GKwU cvnv‡oi P‚ov †_‡K GKwU Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡Y Ges 30ms −1 †e‡M Dc‡ii
w`‡K †Qvuov n‡jv| GKB mg‡q Aci GKwU Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv GKB †e‡M Abyf‚wgKfv‡e †Qvuov n‡jv|
K| 1g †MvjvwU f‚wg †_‡K m‡ev©”P KZ D”PZvi jÿe¯‘‡K AvNvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e wbY©q Ki|
L| †Mvjv`ywU KZ mgq e¨eav‡b f‚wg‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡e- MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
M| †Kvb †MvjvwU w`‡q f‚wg‡Z Aew¯’Z me‡P‡q `~‡ii jÿe¯‘‡K AvNvZ Kiv m¤¢e- MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
29| K‡j‡Ri evwl©K µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cÖwg I †mvgv †jŠn †MvjK wb‡ÿ‡c AskMÖnb K‡i| cÖwg †jŠn‡MvjKwU‡K Abyf‚wg‡Ki 450
†Kv‡Y Ges 10ms −1 †e‡M Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc K‡i| Aciw`‡K †mvgv †jŠn‡MvjKwU‡K GKB †e‡M Abyf‚wgKfv‡e wb‡ÿc K‡i|
Zv‡`i Df‡qi D”PZv 1.75m |
K| cÖwgi wbwÿß †jŠn‡MvjKwU f‚wg †_‡K m‡ev©”P KZ D”PZvq DV‡e wbY©q Ki|
L| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †K weRqx n‡e- MvwYwZK we‡kølYmn gZvgZ `vI|
30| iwdK GKwU dzUej‡K f‚wg †_‡K Abyf~wg‡Ki mv‡_ 300 †Kv‡Y Ges 20ms −1 †e‡M wKK& Ki‡j dyUejwU 17.67m `~‡i Aew¯’Z
†Kv‡bv †`qv‡j AvNvZ K‡i 8ms −1 †e‡M Abyf‚wgKfv‡e wd‡i Av‡m| dzUejwU hLb †`qv‡j AvNvZ K‡i wVK H gyn~‡Z© iwdK ejwU‡K
cybivq wKK& Kivi Rb¨ 2ms −1 †e‡M ‡`qv‡ji w`‡K †`Šov‡Z jvMj|
K| dzUejwU f~wg †_‡K KZ D”PZvq †`qv‡j AvNvZ K‡i wbY©q Ki|
L| dzUejwU f‚wg ¯úk© Kivi c~‡e© iwdK cybivq wKK& Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

31|

cÖ_g gvV wØZxq gvV

GKRb Mjd †Lv‡jvqvi ej‡K M‡Z© †dj‡Z Dfq gv‡Vi O we›`y †_‡K ej‡K AvNvZ K‡ib| Dfq gv‡V AwfKl©R Z¡iY 10ms −2 |
K| gv‡V MvQ bv _vK‡j ejwU M‡Z© co‡e wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
L| M‡Z© ej covi †ÿ‡Î Dfq gv‡Vi MvQ †Kv‡bv cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó Ki‡e wK? MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|

32| 500m D”PZv wewkó GKwU cvnv‡oi P‚ov †_‡K GKwU Kvgv‡bi †Mvjv Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡Y Ges 30ms −1 †e‡M Dc‡ii
w`‡K †Qvuov n‡jv| GKB mg‡q Aci GKwU †Mvjv GKB †e‡M Abyf‚wg‡Ki mv‡_ 600 †Kv‡Y wb‡Pi w`‡K †Qvuov n‡jv|
K| †Mvjv`ywU KZ mgq e¨eav‡b f‚wg‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡e- MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|
L| †Mvjv`ywU f‚wg‡Z AvNv‡Zi mgq G‡`i ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ n‡e- MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki|