Семінар 5 Exercises р.

90-94 Вправа 1
А.1. The Flag of England is the St George's Cross.
Union flag is made up up of the individual Flags of three of the Kingdom's countries all united under
one Sovereign - the countries of 'England, of 'Scotland' and of 'Northern Ireland.
2. King Henry I (1100-1135) was known as the 'Lion of Justice', and kept a small zoo which included
lions. He either used two lions on his shield (as Duke of Normandy, a state whose flag has two lions)
to start with, or used one from his nickname then added the other upon his second marriage to
Adeliza of Louvain (1121), whose symbol was also a lion. The two-lion shield was thus a personal one
for the king, not the country as a whole. Henry's grandson later came to the throne as Henry II
(1154-1189), and married the doughty Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose symbol was yet another lion. By
the year 1195 their son, Richard I, had combined his parents' arms (having shoved his father off the
throne) to form three lions.
The original banner of King Richard the Lionheart, still used as a national symbol of England.
3. Sassenachs (A name still used by many Scots to denote the English) Albion (A Roman name for
Great Britain
Geordies (A colloquial name for, strictly, a native of Tyneside in northeast England)
Limeys (The American colloquial name for the British)
4. England has no official National anthem of its own; generally the United Kingdom anthem, "God
Save the Queen", is used.

Many people, like the England Rugby team, prefer a more patrionic song for England such as Land of
Hope and Glory or Jerusalem.
5. England is in north-west Europe and is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is an island country
and also part of the United Kingdom (UK) . England is the largest country in Great Britain and the UK.
The overall climate in England is called temperate maritime. This means that it is mild with
temperatures not much lower than 0oC in winter and not much higher than 32oC in summer. It also
means that it is damp and is subject to frequent changes.
6. England is both the most populous and the most ethnically diverse nation in the United Kingdom
with around 49 million inhabitants, of which about a quarter live in the greater London area. There
are 24m male and 25m female inhabitants. 90.7 %-were born in the UK. Roughly a tenth are from
non-white ethnic groups. The population of England is mostly made up of, and descended from,
immigrants who have arrived over millennia. The principal waves of migration have been in:
с. 600 ВС Celts
55 ВС-400 AD the Roman period (garrison soldiers from throughout the Empire)
350-550 Angles, Saxons, Jutes 800-900 Vikings, Danes
1066 Normans
1650-1750 European refugees and Huguenots
1880-1940 Jews
1950-1985 Caribbeans, Africans, South Asians
1985- citizens of the European Community member states, East
Europeans,Kurds, refugees.
7. he ancient counties of England are historic subdivisions of England established for administration
by the Normans. These divisions had emerged from a range of

units of old, pre-unification England, whether they were Kingdoms, such as Essex and Sussex;
Duchies, such as Yorkshire, Cornwall and Lancashire or simply tracts of land given to some noble, as
is the case with Berkshire.
8. The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London, including
Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs (including the City of Westminster).
It covers 607 square miles and had a 2006 mid-year estimated population of 7,512,400.
9. The south of England is mostly low-lying land, with hills and agricultural land and the north of
England is mostly covered in moorland and mountains. River the Thames
England is a land of ancient cities, royal palaces, massive cathedrals, and legendary sites. Mighty
castles, stately homes, glorious gardens, and tiny picturesque villages enhance the natural beauty of
the countryside
10. Stonehenge is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain. It is a circle of stones.
Stonehenge is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire.
11. Looking out on the green and cultivated land, where it is not disfigured by the inevitable cities
and towns and villages of later civilizations – those dark Satanic mills so loathed by William Blake –
he can see what seem to be anomalies on the hillsides – strange bumps and mounds; remains of
terraced or plowed fields; irregular slopes that bespeak ancient hill forts; strangely carved designs in
the chalk; jagged teeth of upstanding megaliths; stone circles of immense breadth and height and
ancient, mysterious wells and springs
11. The Celts were farmers and lived in small village groups in the centre of their arable fields. They
were also warlike people. The Celts fought against the people of Britain and other Celtic tribes.
The Romans were the first to invade us and came to Britain nearly 2000 years ago. Britain was part
of the Roman Empire for almost 400 years.

When they had gone there was no strong army to defend Britain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon,
and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded.
The Viking Age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300
years.
12. Medieval Britain (Normans). The invading Normans defeat the Saxons.
13. The first stepping stone to the emergence of democracy was the destruction of feudalism and
the stabilization of monarchical authority. The old hierarchic social order did not dissolve
completely, but it became more elastic and adjusted itself to the new conditions. The stabilization of
monarchical authority and the growth of nation-state lessened the importance of feudalism. Till the
15th century, England was a cluster of counties divided among various feudal lords with a monarch
dependent on them for military and financial support. The growth of the nation- state diminished
the importance of feudal lords. Agreements were made with the feudal barons to serve for pay, with
a stipulated retinue of mercenary soldiers.
13. The old Medieval Castle were a symbol of wealth and power and were often the centre of
historic battles and Medieval sieges! These great old castles were built for Medieval warfare and
defence.
The Tower of London is the most famous Medieval English castle. Hever Castle, Windsor Castle,
Warwick Castle, Leeds Castle.
14. The Tudors were Welsh. They brought peace to England after 150 years of virtually continuous
warfare, encouraged new religious ideas, overseas exploration and colonisation.
King Henry VII 1485 - 1509 King Henry VIII 1509 - 1547 King Edward VI 1547 - 1553 Jane Grey 1554

Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) 1553 - 1558

Queen Elizabeth I 1558 – 1603
15. The English Civil War has many causes but the personality of Charles I must be counted as one of
the major reasons. Few people could have predicted that the civil war, that started in 1642, would
have ended with the public execution of Charles. Clash between the Parliamentarians and the King.
Essentially the (educated) people wanted more of a say in the running of the country.
В. 16. The Ireland became the first home colony.
The British eventually established thirteen colonies in America:
Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island New York Connecticut New Jersey Pennsylvania
Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia.
Canada, Ost India, islands of West India, Egypt.
17. English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic.
18.The pattern of local government in England is complex, with the distribution of functions varying
according to the local arrangements. Legislation concerning local government in England is decided
by the Parliament and Government of the United Kingdom, because England does not have a
devolved parliament or regional assemblies.
19. The two most famous schools in England Eton and Harrow were founded in 1440 by King Henry
6th and 1571 respectively. Winchester is England’s oldest public school, was founded in 1382 by
William of Wykeham.
20. The legal system of England & Wales is different from that of Scotland or Northern Ireland. Each
has its own court system and body of laws. English law is derived from English common law with a
heavy influence of medieval Germanic sources. Scottish common law is derived from Roman law
roots but has, over the past few centuries, developed many affinities with the English common law.
The

traditional barrister/solicitor distinction is present throughout the United Kingdom although in

Scotland, a "barrister" is called an "advocate".
21. Scotland Yard is often used as a metonym for the Metropolitan Police Service of London, UK.
Commonly known as the "Met", the force is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London,
excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police. The
London Underground and national rail network are the responsibility of the British Transport Police.
22. The official religion of England is Christianity, as practised by the Church of England (Anglican). By
the Fifth Article of the Union with Ireland 1800, the Church of England and Church of Ireland were
united into "one Protestant Episcopal Church, to be called, The United Church of England and
Ireland". Although this union was declared "an essential and fundamental Part of the Union",
nevertheless the Irish Church Act 1869 separated the Irish part of the Church again and
disestablished it, the Act coming into effect on 1 January 1871.
23. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Independent Television (ITV) Channel 4 Channel Five
British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB)
The Independent and The Times The Sun and The Mirror, and the middle-market papers, The Daily
Express and The Daily Mail. Financial Times The Daily Telegraph.
24. Lewis Carroll Mark Twain Rudyard Kipling Thomas Hardy Sir Arthur Conan Doyle William
Maugham William Shakespeare George Elliot.
25. William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) is probably the greatest of all writers in the English Language.
His abil¬ity to capture and convey the most profound aspects of human nature is regarded by many
as unequalled, and the English Renaissance has often been called "the age of Shakespeare". He was
among the few playwrights who have excelled in both tragedy and comedy and several of his,
probably, 38 plays contain songs that are among the finest lyric poems in English. He also wrote 154
sonnets, two narrative poems, and several shorter poems. By

2004, more Harry Potter books had been sold across the world than any other except the Bible and
the Koran. These five volumes were joined by a sixth in July 2005.
Born in 1965, Joanne Kathleen Rowling right has already become Britain's richest woman and a
billion-naire. With more books to come and 3 Hollywood films to date, Rowling is still on the
ascendancy. Most holidays are national holidays, called Bank Holidays, because banks and
government offices close on those days. Bank Holidays include Christmas Day, Good Friday, Easter
Monday, May Day, New Year's Day, and Boxing Day. There are also spring and summer bank
holidays. Each nation has additional bank Holidays, except for England and St. George's Day (April
23rd) is not an official holiday in England.
26. New Year's Day 1 January
Good Friday The Friday before Easter Sunday
Easter Monday The day after Easter Sunday
May Day or Early May Bank Holiday First Monday in May Spring Bank Holiday Last Monday in May
Summer Bank Holiday Last Monday in August
St Andrew's Day 30 November
Christmas Day 25 December
Boxing Day, St. Stephen's Day 26 December
27.Whalemeat rissoles, synthetic custard, dried egg, mock cream – Second World War rationing
wreaked havoc on the already shaky reputation of British food. Who needed a chef when the
Ministry of Food was recommending such practices as slicing a cold joint thinly, covering it with hot
gravy and serving it as roast meat? When it came to eating in restaurants, the diner knew his place.
All a manager needed to say was, “Don’t you know there’s a war on?” to silence any complaints.

Even after the war, eating out was a lottery, because rationing continued until 1954, and the bad
food and bad habits carried on for much longer.
When the journalist and social historian Raymond Postgate started his Campaign against Cruelty to
Food, he galvanised an army of like-minded people to report on places where the food was decent,
leading to the publication of The Good Food Guide in 1951. To give some idea of what Postgate’s
army was up against, one meal, recorded by a horrified Guide reporter at the time, included: ‘a
“minestrone” of sliced vegetables in coloured water; scampi, tough and tasteless; roast lamb, cut
thin, overcooked to brownness in a weak beef extract gravy; and an aniline- coloured gateau with
fake cream.’ Fifties: austerity Britain In those early editions of The Good Food Guide, nearly every
restaurant was actually a pub or an inn. If you counted the number of proper dining destinations
outside London you were lucky to hit 30. Criteria for inclusion extended to ‘any place where food
could be eaten without nausea, where the helpings were not derisively tiny, and the staff not
directly rude’.
Postgate’s aim in setting up the Guide was to establish the same standards of freshness and quality
of food that existed in France. But by the end of the 1950s he had to admit there were, at the most,
20 restaurants in Britain where the cooking deserved the two adjectives ‘individual’ and ‘artistic’.
George Perry-Smith’s Hole in the Wall in Bath was probably the single most influential restaurant of
the post- war years. His menus, inspired by food writer Elizabeth David, were extraordinary for the
time, offering an eclectic range of dishes from the Mediterranean and beyond – bouillabaisse with
rouille, tarragon chicken, goulash and coulibiac.
28. Most people around the world seem to think a typical English breakfast consists of eggs, bacon,
sausages, fried bread, mushrooms and baked beans all washed down with a cup of coffee. Now-a-
days, however, a typical English breakfast is more likely to be a bowl of cereals, a slice of toast,
orange juice and a cup of coffee.

The traditional meal is rarely eaten nowadays, apart from on Sundays. A recent survey found that
most people in Britain eat curry! Rice or pasta dishes are now favoured as the 'British Dinner'.
Vegetables grown in England, like potatoes, carrots, peas, cabbages and onions, are still very
popular.
Sunday lunch time is a typical time to eat the traditional Sunday Roast
29. British food has traditionally been based on beef, lamb, pork, chicken and fish and generally
served with potatoes and one other vegetable. The most common and typical foods eaten in Britain
include the sandwich, fish and chips, pies like the cornish pasty, trifle and roasts dinners.
Coffee, tea, wine
30. Pudding, The Scouts, Robin Hood, Queuing, Big Ben, Cricket, A Cup of Tea, The Pub, Oxbridge,
The Thames, The Black Cab, Tower of London
The Tube Map Magna Carta
31. Elizabeth I Henry VIII Henry VII Venerable Bede William of Normandy Richard the Lionheart Lord
Nelson Egbert of Wessex King Arthur Winston Churchil
Вправа 2.
1. The traditional counties come from the the Commonwealth of Nations that were formed after the
various King-dom, such as Mercia. Wessex, Kent, etc. 2. A county was made up of hundreds, which
themselves were made up of Shires . 3. Home Counties is a semi-archaic name for the English
Counties bordering Lon-don. 4. The meridian at which the longitude is 0 degrees passes through
Royal Greenwich Observatory. 5. The Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen. 6.
The massive stone circles to the north of Salisbury in the South of England called Stonehenge date
from 3100 BC. 7. In the 1st century AD the Romans had a wall built from east to west known now as
Hadrian wall to protect themselves from the

inhabitants of Scotland at that time called Picts . 8. The most notable uprising of Celtic population
against the Romans was that of the Iceni led by Boudicca. 9. The Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons
and Jutes, progressively settles England after the Romans pushing local tribes to the north. 10. The
Vikings plundered and later settled England eventually ruling Tithings from the late 9th century. 11.
The Tower of London has always been the royal palace, fortress and prison in the English capital. 12.
Henry VIII created the Protestant Church of England to be able to divorce and marry again as he
wished. 13. Elizabeth's reign is often referred to as the Golden Age of English culture. 14. The
attempts of Charles I to get more power than it was acceptable to people led to the major Civil War
of 1642. 15. The British Empire was replaced by the association of former colonies called Shires. 16.
English law is known generally as the common law. 17. The BBC is one of the world's most powerful
broadcasting corporations.
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. T 12. T
Вправа 3

13. F 14. T 15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T

1.b) 2.c) 3.c) 4.b) 5.b) 6.a) 7.a) 8.c)
Вправа 4
Вправа 5.
Richard the Lionheart - the Third Crusade, prompted by Saladin's capture of
Jerusalem in 1187
Lord Nelson – the great British admiral, The Battle of Trafalgar (at which he lost his life) - 21 October
1805
the Roman Emperor Claudius - He was the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, who added
Britain to the Roman Empire (43 AD Claudius undertook the conquest of Britain)

Boudicca- was queen of the Iceni people of Eastern England and led a major uprising against
occupying Roman forces.Boudicca's warriors successfully defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and
destroyed the capital of Roman Britain, then at Colchester
Egbert of Wessex – called "the first king of all England.", Helped to make Wessex such a powerful
kingdom that England was eventually unified around it.
William of Normandy – He defeated and killed the last Anglo-Saxon king of England at the Battle of
Hastings.In 1066, he was crowned king in Westminster Abbey.
Simon de Montfort – In May 1264, Simon de Montfort won a resounding victory at Lewes and set up
a new government
Henry VII – Henry ended the dynastic struggle known as the Wars of the Roses, founded the Tudor
dynasty and modernised England's government and legal system.
Henry VIII – known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic
Church. Henry also oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–
1542.
Elizabeth I – Tudor queen of England and Ireland, nicknamed 'Gloriana' and the 'Virgin Queen'. The
ill-fated Spanish Armada was launched by Philip II of Spain the following year, bringing to a climax
the threat posed to English independence from Spain since Elizabeth's accession.
Oliver Cromvell – was an English military and political leader best known in England for his
involvement in turning England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord
Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. Events that occurred during his reign and his politics are
a cause of long lasting animosity between Ireland and the United Kingdom.

King Oswiu of Northumbria – was a King of Bernicia. At the Battle of the Winwæd Oswiu
unexpectedly defeated and killed Penda. He established himself as King of Mercia
Geoffrey Chaucer - Chaucer was the first great poet writing in English, whose best-known work is
'The Canterbury Tales'. Chaucer was captured by the French during the Brittany expedition of 1359,
but was ransomed by the king
Guy Fawkes - In November 1605, the infamous Gunpowder Plot took place in which some Catholics
plotted to blow up the English Parliament and King James l, on the day set for the king to open
Parliament. The men were angry because the king had treated them badly and they didn't like it. The
story is remembered each 5th November when 'Guys' are burned in a celebration known as "Bonfire
Night".
Venerable Bede - St Bede is widely regarded as the greatest of all the Anglo- Saxon scholars. He
wrote around 40 books mainly dealing with theology and history. it is to this man that we owe, from
his historical accounts, our dating of years from the birth of Christ.
King Arthur – search of the Holy Graal, the knights of the Round Table, the battle of Badon, in which
Arthur carried the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ for three days and three nights on his shoulders and
the Britons were the victors. The battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut fell: and there was
plague in Britain and Ireland.
Winston Churchil – was a politician and wartime prime minister who led Britain to victory in World
War Two. Britain retreats from France and Britain bombs Berlin.
Вправа 6
The Romans led by Julius Caesar landed in Great Britain 55-54 BC

The uprising of Celts against the Romans led by Boudicca 61-62 AD

The Battle of Hastings 1066
The Union Flag was adopted - 1606-1800 (England), 1707-1800 (Scotland) Margaret Thatcher was
forced by the public to resign 1990
Separation of the English Christian Church from Rome l-2nd centuryAD The end of the Wars of the
Roses 1485
The Viking raid on the monastery at Lindisfarne 793
The first English Parliament 1066
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution 1839-1902
The restoration of monarchy 1660
Winston Churchill was made war leader 1914
The Victorian Era 1837 - 1901
The beginning of undivided Saxon rule in England 5 th century AD
The foundation of Oxford University 1096
The Roman Occupation began AD 43
The Elizabethan era 1558–1603
Christianity arrived in Britain 597
The English Civil War 1642
The rule of Henry VIII 1491-1547

Alba Bobbies Riding

The Picts Public schools The Danelaw "Tube" Shires Redbricks
"Bangers" "Luddites" Don
Bank holiday -v.
Greater London Beefeaters Law Lords Domesday Book
Simnel cakes The "West End"
The Normans
Cockney
Вправа 7.
The name for England given by Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy
A name for London policemen
An old name for the traditional subdivision smaller than a county
The oldest inhabitants of Scotland and England
Private schools not run by the state
A territory ruled by the Vikings from the late 9th century
The London Underground
The name of old administrative units controlled by a sheriff
The main theatre district Universities built in Victorian times from red brick
British sausagers
The saboteurs of the English Industrial Revolution
Professor at Oxford
National holiday, a day-off
The English capital with surrounding areas
The Yeomen of the Guard at the Tower of London
The judicial members of the House of Lords
A survey of English population, their property and lands for taxation
purposes
Rich fruit cakes eaten on Mothering Sunday
The main theatre district
Viking and Slav settlers in France who conquered England in the 11th century
The famous London dialect

Square mile The financial centre of London