Lab 7

Student name: Leen Ahmed/Rouaa Marwah/Reem Khalid/Shymaa Abou Hait

Student ID: 202111991/ 202010108/202010187/202010575

Scenario (5)
SUSAN is expecting her first baby in two months. She has been reading about the potential benefits and
harms of giving newborn babies vitamin K injections. She is alarmed by reports that vitamin K injections
in newborn babies may cause childhood leukaemia. She asks you if this is true and, if so, what the risk
for her baby will be.

Population and clinical problem

Population: Newborn babies, specifically Susan's baby who is expected in two months.

Clinical Problem: The potential benefits and harms of giving newborn babies vitamin K injections, as well
as concerns about a link to childhood leukemia.

Intervention (or indicator or index text)*

Vitamin K injections given to newborn babies.

Comparator

in clinical research, a typical comparator could be a control group that does not receive the intervention,
or it might refer to alternative interventions or treatments. In the case of vitamin K injections, the
standard practice is to provide them to newborns.

Outcome

The main outcome of interest is the risk or potential harm associated with vitamin K injections,
particularly whether they are linked to childhood leukemia.

Type of study

To investigate this issue, a type of study that could be relevant is an epidemiological study, specifically a
cohort study or a case-control study.
Scenario (7)
Childhood seizures are common and frightening for the parents, and the decision to initiate

prophylactic treatment after a first fit is a difficult one. To help parents make their decision, you

need to explain the risk of further occurrences following a single seizure of unknown cause.

Population and clinical problem

Population: Parents of children who have experienced a single seizure of unknown cause.

Clinical Problem: Assessing the risk of further occurrences following a single seizure of unknown cause.

Intervention (or indicator or index text)*

the goal is to provide information and guidance to parents regarding the risk of further seizures after
their child has experienced a single unprovoked seizure.

Comparator

It's about informing parents about the natural course of the condition and the potential consequences
of prophylactic treatment versus not initiating such treatment.

Outcome

The primary outcome is to help parents make an informed decision regarding whether to initiate
prophylactic treatment after their child's first unprovoked seizure. This involves assessing the risk of
further seizures and the potential benefits and harms of treatment.

Type of study

Observational cohort study or a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies. These studies
would aim to collect and analyze data on children who have experienced a single unprovoked seizure
and follow them over time to determine the risk of recurrence and the impact of prophylactic treatment
on this risk. This would help provide parents with evidence-based information to make informed
decisions. Additionally, qualitative research methods, such as interviews or surveys with parents, could
be used to gather their perspectives and concerns when making this decision.
Scenario (8)
OSMAN, who is 58 years old, has correctly diagnosed his inguinal lump as a hernia. He visits you

for confirmation of his diagnosis and information about the consequences. You mention the

possibility of strangulation, and the man asks: ‘How likely is that?’ You reply ‘pretty unlikely’ (which

is as much as you know at the time) but say that you will try to find out more precisely.

Population and clinical problem

 Population: Osman, a 58-year-old man with an inguinal lump diagnosed as a hernia.

 Clinical Problem: Confirmation of his diagnosis and information about the consequences,
particularly the likelihood of strangulation.

Intervention (or indicator or index text)*

Providing information and assessment regarding the diagnosis and potential complications.

Comparator

Assessing the likelihood of strangulation in Osman's specific case based on his hernia diagnosis.

Outcome

The primary outcome of interest is the likelihood of strangulation of the hernia. Osman wants to know
how likely it is to experience this complication.

Type of study

Observational studies and clinical trials.