TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of figures ……………………………………………………………………9

List of tables ……………………………………………………………………10
List of Abbreviations …………………………………………………………..11
Abstract ………………………………………………………………………...12
1. Chapter 1 :- Introduction ……………………………………………………..13
2. Chapter 2 :- Planning of plasma arc cutting machine operation table …….16
2.1:- Planning of plasma arc cutting machine operation table
2.2:- Objectives of project.
2.3:- Parameters consider before designing operation table
2.4:- Steps followed while designing operation table
3. Chapter 3 :- Drafting of Plasma arc cutting machine operation table. ……22
3.1- Introduction to drafting
3.2- First Angle Projection.
3.2.1 - First angle projection of plasma arc cutting machine operation table.
3.2.2- Construction steps

4. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………74

5. References ………………………………………………………………………75

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 1.1:- Parts of Plasma Arc Cutting.
Fig 1.2 :- CNC Plasma Cutting Machine.
Fig 1.3 :- Tables of Plasma Arc Cutting Machine.
Fig 2.1:- Molten Metal accumulation on the surface of grid.
Fig 2.2:- Rough Plasma arc cutting machine operation table Design
Fig 2.3:- Modification of Plasma arc cutting machine operation table Design
Fig 2.4:- Final design of Plasma arc cutting machine operation table
Fig 3.1 :- Example of drafting.
Fig 3.2 :- Symbol of First Angle Projection.
Fig 3.3 :- First angle projection of plasma arc cutting machine operation table.

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 ABSTRACT
To Draft, 2D and 3D modelling and to find solution of burn particles and slag solidification
on grid of the operation table which is used for manufacturing of components with the help of
plasma Arc cutting Machine

Problem is that when plasma arc cutting machine cutting plate on the grid for manufacturing
components. In this case particles and some waste parts of the plate get welded on the grid
due to high temperature cutting operation. Due to this problem some manufactured
components become defected. According to the planning AutoCAD, Solid works will be used
to resolve this problem.

Firstly, we are made up rough sketch of grid designing of arc cutting machine table and then
make a 2d and 3d designing in AutoCAD/Solid works in first angle and third angle
projection. In this project the important role is about grid coating material, we have to choose
such material so that the molten material does not stick to grid during working conditions and
in this project, we also have to take care of the strength of plasma arc cutting operation table
so that table can bear weight up to 11 tons, as well as grids should sustain temperature up to
17000C. Size is most important role in any kind of industry size is more precise according to
project area. Cost price is low as much as possible because good work in cheap rate.

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

Plasma is a superheated ionized gas when we heat a gas at a higher temperature then it we
ionized or break down into positive and negative ions or into any other ions, if a gas is
superheated at a higher temperature it is ionized then it is called plasma.

1.1 Parts of the plasma arc cutting

We have a fixture on which a work piece is placed a torch body this is a outer shell And a
tungsten electrode which is a non-consumable electrode. Electrode has negative sign and
work piece is positive sign, so two electrode has cathode and workpiece is anode this is the
stand of distance between tool and the work piece in this figure the space of primary gases
which is 10000 to 14000 degree Celsius hot or in the form of plasma in this figure the
another space is for secondary which is water or any gas of cooling purpose because in the
region very hot gases will be pursued which is also called plasma so for the cooling purpose
the outer shell carry water or another gas this gas is also known as shielding gas or secondary
gas. Now what will happen tungsten electrode is negative polarity and so when gases will
come in to contact with the electrode they will be converted into ionized form or we can say
plasma then this plasma will strike on the work piece and this hot plasma when strike on the
work piece the workpiece metal will be melted metal and this molten metal is remove in the
work piece and the outer shell carries secondary gasses for cooling purpose so from this
manner plasma arc cutting or plasma arc machining will work.

Fig 1.1:- Parts of Plasma Arc Cutting.

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Plasma cutting is a process are initially cut metals that are difficult to machine by
conventional method. Those materials to cut with a plasma torch alloy steel, stainless
steel, aluminium, brass, copper, high speed steel etc. and any other conductive metals may be
cut as well very smoothly. Plasma cutting is often used in fabrications shops, automotive
repair and restoration, industrial construction, and salvage and scrapping operations.in this
case the plasma gas is forced through nozzle duct and is made to direct on the work piece to
be machined. For this reason, Because of this, due to its fast speed and its low price, it is
running very fast in the industrial sector.

Fig 1.2: - CNC Plasma Cutting Machine.

1.2 Tables of plasma arc cutting Machines

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Fig 1.3 :- Tables of Plasma Arc Cutting Machine.

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 CHAPTER – 2
PLANNING OF PLASMA ARC CUTTING MACHINE
OPERATION TABLE

PLANNING: - Planning refers to, WHAT TO DO? , WHY TO DO? , WHO TO DO? ,
HOW TO DO? , WHEN TO DO? , WHERE TO DO?

Project plan guides us for executive and control the project phases. Project planning is a way
for stating how to complete the project in a defined time. It also implies what activities will
be carried out throughout the project.

2.1- Planning of Plasma arc cutting machine operation table

 To draft 2d design of plasma arc cutting machine operation table in AutoCAD.
 3D modelling of plasma arc cutting machine operation table in Solidworks.
 To find solution of burn particles and slag solidification on grid of the table.
2.2 - Objectives of project.

When plasma arc cutting machine is used to cut plate on the grid for manufacturing
components, during cutting operation particles and some waste parts of the plate gets welded
on the grid due to high temperature cutting operation .Which leads to defect in manufactured
components.

Fig 2.1:- Molten Metal accumulation on the surface of grid.

So the objective of the project is to eliminate accumulation of molten metal on the
surface of grid. Because many fabricators spend lots of money as well as time to clean the

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grids by means of grinding, chipping, polishing or even some times they have to replace the
grids present on the table. In this era where everyone is in a race of making as much profit as
possible but due to these issue fabricators has to stop there work to clean the grids, because
unwanted material on grid leads to various problems such as
i) Uneven grid surface.
ii) Varying distance between torch and workpiece.
iii) Rough cutting surfaces
iv) Defects in manufactured components.
v) Production loss.
So, this project helps the fabricators to utilize the cleaning time for production purpose,
as well as the production cost decreases.

2.3-Parameters consider before designing Plasma arc cutting machine

operation table

 Less contact area between grid and workpiece surface.

 Molten metal should not stick to grids.

 Table should sustain weight up to 11 tonnes.

 Grid should sustain temperature up to 17000 C.

 Worker should be able to stand on grid.

 Length of table 14m.

 Width of table 4m.

 Height of table 1m.

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2.4 – Steps followed while designing plasma arc cutting machine operation

table.

1. To learn Plasma arc cutting operation.

First we all learned about what is plasma cutting in which we learnt that,
Plasma is the fourth state of matter and plasma cutting is the process in which
accelerated jet of hot plasma cuts electrically conductive materials such as stainless
steel, brass, aluminium, and copper. Where a plasma arc is produced using gases such
as oxygen, nitrogen, or argon which is forced through a small nozzle orifice inside the
torch.
We also learned about types of Plasma arc cutting machines as well as tables
available in market which is used during operation.

2. Designing of plasma arc cutting machine operation table.

By considering design parameters we designed different types of grid designs.
Designs are as follows: -

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 Fig 2.2:- Rough Plasma arc cutting machine operation table Design

After completing the designs, we discussed among our self about merits and demerits of

designs, due to this we came to know about design parameter (ref 2.2) lacking in the

above designs. So, we decided to re-work and modification of grid design.

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 3. Modification of plasma arc cutting machine operation table design.

During modification of design, we worked on various factors which were

missing in above designs. We worked on grid’s shape, size and its structure.

Modification designs are as follows: -

Fig 2.3:- Modification of Plasma arc cutting machine operation table Design

After completing modification of grid designs, we again discussed among our self about

merits and demerits of designs, and we decided to make section of grids and provide gap

between each section for better weight distribution.

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4. Finalization of plasma arc cutting machine operation table design.

Fig 2.4:- Final design of Plasma arc cutting machine operation table

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 CHAPTER– 3

DRAFTING OF PLASMA ARC CUTTING MACHINE

OPERATION TABLE

3.1- Introduction to Drafting

At the stage of design, even freehand drawing acts as the mode of communication between
engineers and the worker, management team etc. Drafting inspires various sectors of industry
to understand about design in an easier way. The history of drafting and design has been
around since 4000 B.C. where everyone uses to design castle on stone tablets. Drawings in
the past were used to represent ideas and innovation. Leonardo da Vinci was the person that
used drawings to design mechanical constructions. Earlier the only source changed, but
techniques and principle are same. Technical drawing is necessary to communicate ideas in
industry and engineering. So that manufacturer or engineers can produce required item.

3.1.1 DEFINITION

Drafting means to create technical drawing that communicate how something is constructed
or function. It is intended to have one particular meaning, measurement, and symbols.
Manual drafting techniques allowed the planning and communication ideas and construction
information. CAD drafting is way to form these plans with software instead of by hands
usually in either 2D or 3D models.

Example

Fig 3.1 :- Example of drafting.

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3.1.2 OBJECTIVES

1. To capture all geometric features of a product or component clearly and accurately.

2. To understand about different types and projection of points, straight lines, solids, etc.
3. To understand how to represent letters and numbers in drawing sheets.
4. To understand about isometric projections.
5. Basics of dimensioning, lettering and representation of lines.
6. To understand and development of different types of surfaces.

7. To understand about different types of projection.

3.1.3 ADVANTAGES

1. Creative styles and expression to drawing is higher.

2. Doesn’t need any techniques and technicians to maintain tools and paper
3. There is no software update cost or operator training.
4. It needs low cost of drawing equipment.

3.1.4 DISADVANTAGES

1. It is time consuming.
2. Before starting drawing scale of drawing must be determined.
3. Manual drawing requires diligent accuracy in drawing lines types, text and
dimensions.
4. Designs and drawing can’t reproduce and make copies easily.

3.1.5 APPLICATIONS

1. Design for mechanical, electrical, chemical, civil and automotive engineering

applications.
2. Technical design and assembly diagrams.
3. Representation of mathematical and scientific functions.
4. Drafting of furniture like chair, tables, etc.
5. Designing simple mechanical component to complex elements.
6. Designing of most sensitive circuits which are to be care in design.

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 CONCLUSION

In this internship, we have designed a PLASMA ARC CUTTING MACHINE OPERATION

TABLE in which we got a clear understanding of planning and designing a plasma arc table
as per our requirements. We developed 2d design and 3d model of the table. We understood
various key factors which should be considered during design as well as learnt how to plan
the design and executive it. We realized that we should design a component such that it
should minimize cost while manufacturing and be efficient while in operation.

We selected material of design in such a way that it will be able to bear the load, low cost
and will not be affected by environmental factors. Based on these optimum factors we
selected a component which match our requirements and it should be easily available. Later
we developed the design, we tried to understand each and every minute factor in a detailed
way and get a clear understanding. We selected dimensions of each part in such way that
there will be no failure of operation table during the process. We developed 2D design in
AutoCAD and 3D design in solid works. We worked on materials such that the chosen
materials prevent the slag to be rested on the grids of table, because the slag gets weld with
surface of grid, which leads to defect in manufactured components. We studied various
materials like zirconium, boron nitride, graphite. We observed that some of properties which
are not suitable for our requirements. Later we found SupraCoat MX coating from India Mart
which was best suited for coating grids of table.

With the guidance and support of our project guide we completed the project. We are so
grateful for being so patient and clarifying all our doubts and leading throughout this project.
We really learned a lot through this project and it was a good learning through this project
which will be very helpful in our future.

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 REFERENCES

 https://www.researchgate.net/project/Plasma-Cutting-Synergic-Technology
 https://research.utdallas.edu/cleanroom/app/uploads/2018/10/BN-MSDS.pdf
 https://www-s.nist.gov/srmors/msds/8983-MSDS.pdf
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid
 https://m.indiamart.com/proddetail/high-temperature-coating-22984089297.html
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cutting
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
261870386_A_parameter_design_of_CNC_plasma-
arc_cutting_of_carbon_steel_plates_using_robust_design
 https://www.parkindustries.com/metal/plasma-processes/history-of-plasma-cutting/
 http://local.ecollege.ie/Content/APPRENTICE/liu/pipefitting/pdf/M2_U7_Plasma
%20Arc%20cutting.pdf
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5TwzRW_DtY
 https://siegmundtables.com/
 https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=17078
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750682879000033
 https://www.esacorp.com/the-importance-of-material-selection-during-the-engineering-
design-process/

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