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FACILITY MANAGEMENT

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 108

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Chapter 3

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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 Facilities Planning & Design is comprised of design professionals who are
responsible for planning, design and management of all capital improvement
projects.
 Facilities Management comes in a “chicken and egg” situation.
 Which comes first? Facilities planning or facilities management?
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 FM is the input to another and planning is part of FM and so it is.
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Definition of Facility Planning
Facility Planning determines how an activity’s tangible fixed assets best support
achieving the activity’s objectives.
Examples:
a. In manufacturing, the objective is to support production.
b. In an airport, the objective is to support the passenger airplane interface.
c. In a hospital, the objective is to provide medical care to patients.
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Activities involved in Facilities Planning:

 Real Estate Management - is the operation, control, and oversight of real

estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to
be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and
condition.
 The discipline of FM emerged from the Building Maintenance Management,
domestic services or combination of two
 Real Estate Management is therefore a home for facilities management but real
estate is part of Facilities Management
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 What is 'Real Estate'

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 Real estate is property comprised of land and the buildings on it, as well as the natural
resources of the land, including uncultivated flora and fauna, farmed crops and livestock,
water and mineral deposits. Although media often refers to the "real estate market," from
the perspective of residential living, real estate can be grouped into three broad categories
based on its use: residential, commercial and industrial. Examples of residential real estate
include undeveloped land, houses, condominiums and town houses; examples of
commercial real estate are office buildings, warehouses and retail store buildings; and
examples of industrial real estate include factories, mines and farms.
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Space Management =FM is to ensure the efficient and cost-effective use of

space.
2. Space Management =
Is the management of spaces, control and supervision of the physical spaces a business or
organization occupies. This could be a single floor, multiple floors within a building, or multiple
floors within multiple buildings. Space management is simple in concept yet far more
complicated in practice.
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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 Consideration of owned space includes operating, maintenance and
depreciation costs.
 Space will be increasingly remodelled to meet new needs, higher standards and to
provide for a multiplicity of use, a matter of “sweating the asset”.
 ‘sweating” means to maximize its use
 Space efficiency means to provide space and fittings that can be adapted for
different activities.

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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 Design Briefing
 Design Brief – is a comprehensive written document developed jointly by the
building-owner/client/client representative and appointed designer based on
the business case for the new building in terms of functions, performance
requirements and overall design concept.

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COLOR MANAGEMENT
 In colorimetry, metamerism is a perceived matching of the colors that, based
on differences in spectral power distribution, do not actually match. Colors
that match this way are called metamers.

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
 A spectral power distribution describes the proportion of total light given off (emitted,
transmitted, or reflected) by a color sample at each visible wavelength; it defines the
complete information about the light coming from the sample. However, the human eye
contains only three color receptors (three types of cone cells), which means that all colors
are reduced to three sensory quantities, called the tristimulus values.

 Metamerism occurs because each type of cone responds to the cumulative energy from a
broad range of wavelengths, so that different combinations of light across all wavelengths
can produce an equivalent receptor response and the same tristimulus values or color
sensation. In color science, such sensations are numerically represented by color matching
functions.
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COLOR PERCEPTION VARIABLE IS AFFECTED BY TYPES OF LIGHTS

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THEREFORE

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Dr. Teody G. Cabantug OM108ppt
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THE ANSWER TO THIS ISSUE IS

In digital imaging systems, color management is the controlled conversion
between the colorrepresentations of various devices, such as image scanners,
digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, offset
presses, and corresponding media.
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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 Facilities Management Brief
 Result of iterative process in which FM analyzes the owner’s statement of
need to provide advice during the development of the design brief on a
strategy for managing the facility.
 Post-occupancy Evaluation
 Determines how well facilities match users needs and identifies ways of
improving facility design and functionality, performance and “fitness for
purpose”

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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 
 Questionnaires are the most common tool for eliciting opinions and core
needs to be exercised when drafting one. A questionnaire that requires only
a “yes” and “no” answers.
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 Other uses of post-occupancy evaluations:

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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 obtaining feedback to help in fine-tuning new facilities and building
engineering services installations.
 Inform planners and designers of needs in regard to new facility
 Resolving persistent or recurrent problems in facilities that might otherwise go
unchallenged

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Chapter 3
FACILITIES PLANNING
 Real Estate Options

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REAL ESTATE OPTIONS

 OPTIONS
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 New Building (purpose built)
 Leased Building (long)
 Leased Building (short)
 Rented space (tenant fitted-out)
 Rented space (furnished)
 Rented space (totally serviced workplace)

 OCCUPANCY PERIOD
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 25 years or more
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 7 to 25 years
 Up to 7 years
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 5to 15 years
 1 to 5 years
 Up to 1 year

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 Totally Serviced Workplaces
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 Forms of high quality and fully serviced space:
 Office space-full time, part-time, branch, project or start-up
 Virtual office – offering call handling, business address, messaging and mail
forwarding and private office work or meeting.
 Disaster recovery – providing workplace recovery to support business
continuity in the event of an accident

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Types of Facility Planning

 Planning for existing facilities=What events and when.
 Planning for future facilities=If and when to build.

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Planning for Existing Facilities

 A Manager may be involved in the facility planning process from the
beginning phase to the occupancy permit.
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Manager’s Jobs

 Coordinate maintenance
 Monitor concession purchases and sales
 Deal with various issues relating to the facility and its ancillary areas
 Fiscal planning

Concession area
 Parking area
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Main Responsibilities
 Money,
 Personnel
 scheduling
 Space management
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Money, Personnel, and Scheduling

 Money (construction, business)

 Personnel (operational hours, events, where, what skills)
 Scheduling (games, events, number of participants.
 Documentation.

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Space Management
 Growth needs (proper allocation of time and space for bookings)
 Move management (to free up space)
 Swing space (any space available during renovations, alterations, or realignment)
 Growth space
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Planning for Future Facilities

 Where, what, how to build
 To meet greatest current needs
 To anticipate future needs
 To cause the least amount of financial harm or inconvenience

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Planning Process
 The first step is to analyze existing internal and external constituents
 Steps:
 Conduct a feasibility study
 Develop a potential budget
 Organize various planning committees
 Set realistic goals and objectives
  Study political and financial marketplace
 Bring in the right people before the project starts

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Types of Facilities
 Stadiums
 Arenas
 Gyms
 Community Sport Centers
 Domes
 Other facilities: Golf courses, water parks…

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Financing the Facility

 To determine whether to purchase, build, or lease.
 Analysis of the cost of capital, lease terms, purchase price, the cost and political issues
associated with borrowing money/leasing.

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The Planning process entails….

 examining what type of facility will meet a given need/objective and working
out the justification for building or leasing.
 determining what facility to build or lease and to justify the need for the facility

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Hierarchy of Facility Planning

Facility
Location
 Structural
Design

Facility
Planning

Facility
Design

Layout
Design

Handling System Design

Location: is the placement of a facility with respect to customers, suppliers,
and other facilities with which it interfaces.
Structure: consists of the building and services (e.g., gas, water, power, heat,
light, air, sewage).
Layout: consists of all equipment, machinery, and furnishings within the
structure.
Handling System: consists of the mechanism by which all interactions required
by the layout are satisfied (e.g., materials, personnel, information, and
equipment handling systems).
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Strategic Facilities Planning Issues

1. Number, location, and sizes of warehouses and/or distribution centers.
2. Centralized versus decentralized storage supplies, raw materials, work-in-
process, and finished goods for single- and multi-building sites, as well as
single- and multi-site companies.
3. Acquisition of existing facilities versus design of model factories and
distribution centers of the future.
4. Flexibility required because of market and technological uncertainties.
5. Interface between storage and manufacturing.
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Strategic Facilities Planning Issues

6. Level of vertical integration, including "subcontract versus manufacture"
decisions.
7. Control systems, including materials control and equipment control.
8. Movement of materials between buildings, between sites.
9. Changes in customers' and suppliers' technology as well as firm's own
manufacturing technology and materials handling, storage, and control
technology.
10. Design-to-cost goals for facilities.
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Facility Planning Objectives

1.Support the organization's mission through improved material handling,
materials control, and good housekeeping.
2.Effectively utilize people, equipment, space, and energy.
3.Minimize capital investment.
4.Be flexible and promote ease of maintenance.
5.Provide for employee safety and job satisfaction.
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Engineering Design Process

 Typically, design problems do not have well-defined, unique, optimum
solutions. We are interested in obtaining a satisfactory solution.
 General Procedure for Solving Engineering Design Problems
 1. Formulate the problem.
 2. Analyze the problem.
 3. Search for alternative solutions.
 4. Evaluate the design alternatives.
 5. Select the preferred design.
 6. Implement the design.

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Application of the Engineering Design Process to Facility Planning

1. Define (or redefine) the objective of the facility:
Specify quantitatively the products to be produced or service to be provided.
2. Specify the primary and support activities to be performed in accomplishing
the objective:
Requirements for primary activities include operations, equipment,
personnel, and material flows.
3. Determine the interrelationships among all activities:
Both qualitative and quantitative relationships should be defined.
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Application of the Engineering Design Process to Facility Planning

4.Determine the space requirements for all activities:
These are determined considering the equipment, materials, and personnel
requirements.
5.Generate alternative facility plans:
Including alternative facility locations and alternative designs for the facility.
6.Evaluate alternative facility plans:
Determine the important factors (see list of factors). For each candidate plan,
evaluate if and how those factors will affect the facility and its operations.
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Application of the Engineering Design Process to Facility Planning (cont.)

7. Select a facility plan: Cost may not be the only major consideration.
Use the information in step 6 to determine a plan (pairwise comparison is a
good ranking procedure).
8.Implement the facility plan: Considerable amount of planning must precede
the construction of a facility or the layout of an area.
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Application of the Engineering Design Process to Facility Planning (cont.)

9.Maintain and adapt the facility plan: The facility plan must be modified as new
requirements are placed, e.g., new energy saving measures, changes in product
design may require different flow pattern or handling equipment, etc.
10.Redefine the objective of the facility: Similar to step 1. Changes in product
design and/or quantities may require changes into the layout plan.
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Important Factors to Evaluate Facility Plans

In developing well-thought facilities design alternatives it is important to look
into issues such as:
a) Layout characteristics
- total distance traveled
- manufacturing floor visibility
- overall aesthetics of the layout
- ease of adding future business
b) Material handling requirements
- use for the current material handling equipment
- investment requirements on new equipment
- space and people requirements
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Important Factors to Evaluate Facility Plans (cont.)

c) Unit load implied
- impact on WIP levels
- space requirements
- impact on material handling equipment
d) Storage strategies
- space and people requirements
- impact on material handling equipment
- human factors risks
e) Overall building impact
- estimated cost of the alternatives
- opportunities for new business