CONTENTS ix

6.3.3 Design Considerations 180

6.3.4 Design Parameters and Procedure 184
6.3.5 Design Example 185
6.3.6 Construction 185
6.3.7 Quality Control and Assurance 185
6.4 Drainage 185
6.4.1 Introduction 185
6.4.2 Principles 187
6.4.3 Design Considerations 188
6.4.4 Design Parameters and Procedure 193
6.4.5 Design Examples 194
6.4.6 Construction 195
6.4.7 Quality Control and Assurance 195
6.5 Dewatering 196
6.5.1 Introduction 196
6.5.2 Principles 199
6.5.3 Design Considerations 200
6.5.4 Design Parameters and Procedure 202
6.5.5 Design Example 205
6.5.6 Construction 206
6.5.7 Quality Control and Assurance 206
Problems 206
References 209

CHAPTER 7 PRELOADING 211

7.1 Introduction 211

7.1.1 Basic Concept 211
7.1.2 Suitability 211
7.1.3 Applications 212
7.1.4 Advantages and Limitations 212
7.2 Principles 212
7.2.1 Precompression 212
7.2.2 Stress and Ground Movement 213
7.2.3 Consolidation Theory 214
7.2.4 Vacuum and Fill Combined Preloading 217
7.2.5 Surcharge Preloading 217
7.3 Design Considerations 218
7.3.1 Vertical Drains 218
7.3.2 Preloading 220
7.3.3 Surcharge Effect 223
7.4 Design Parameters and Procedures 226
7.4.1 Design Parameters 226
7.4.2 Design Procedure 226
7.5 Design Example 227
7.6 Construction 235
7.6.1 Vertical Drains 235
7.6.2 Drainage Layer 235
7.6.3 Fill Preloading 236
7.6.4 Vacuum Preloading 237
7.7 Quality Control and Assurance 237
7.7.1 Materials 238