Homework 3 - solution

EVF401G Material and energy balance

1(a)
CH4 + O2 → HCHO + H2O
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

ṅ1 mol CO /s
2

100 mol/s ṅ2 mol H2O/s

0.5 mol CH4/mol ṅ3 mol O2/s
0.5 mol O2/mol ṅ4 mol HCHO/s
ṅ5 mol CH /s
4

Degree-of-Freedom Analysis:
5 unknowns
- 3 atomic balances (C, H, O)
2 degrees of freedom
But we get 2 relations in part b then we can solve the problem.
(b)
Fractional conversion: (50 - ṅ5) = 0.9
ṅ5= 5 mol CH4/s unreacted
Fractional yield: ṅ4/50 = 0.855
ṅ4 = 42.75 mol HCHO/s

C balance:
50 mol CH4/s = ṅ1 + 5 mol CH4/s + 42.75 mol HCHO/s
ṅ1 = 2.25 mol CO2/s
H balance:
50(4) = ṅ2(2)+ 42.75(2) + 5(4)
ṅ2 = 47.25 mol H2O/s

O balance
50(2) = 2.25(2) + 47.25(1) + ṅ3(2) + 42.75
ṅ3 = 2.75 mol O /s
2
yH2O = 47.25/100 = 0.4725 mol H2O/mol
yCH4 = 0.05 mol CH4/mol
yCO2 = 0.0225 mol CO2/mol
yHCHO = 0.4275 mol HCHO/mol
yO2 = 0.0275 mol O2/mol

selectivity: (42.75 mol HCHO/s)/( 2.25 mol CO2/s) = 19 mol HCHO/mol CO2

2)
Basis: 100 mol Product Gas
n1 (mol C) 100 mol dry gas
n (mol H) 0.254 mol O2/mol dry gas
2
n3 (mol S) 0.000592 mol SO /mol dry gas
2
0.0257 mol CO/mol dry gas
25% excess O2 0.72 mol CO2/mol dry gas
n4(mol) n5(mol H2O)

C + O2 → CO2
S + O2 → SO2
2C + O2 → 2CO
4H + O2 → 2H2O
Degree-of-Freedom Analysis:
5 unknowns
- 4 atomic balances (C, H, S, O)
- 1 relation
0 degrees of freedom
C balance:
n1 = 100 mol (0.0257 mol CO/mol) × (1 mol C/1 mol CO) + 100 mol (0.72 mol CO2))(1 mol C/1 mol
CO2)
n1 = 74.57 mol C
S balance:
n3 = 100 mol (0.000592 mol SO2/mol) × (1 mol S/1 mol SO2) = 0.0592
From these reactions we write an equation for theoretical oxygen calculation:
C + O2 → CO2
S + O2 → SO2
4H + O2 → 2H2O
20% excess O2 1.2 × 74.57 mol C × 1 mol O2 required/1 mol C + n2 × 1 mol O2 required/4 mol H +
0.0592 S × 1 mol O2 required/1 mol S = n4
(1) 1.2 (47.57 + 0.25 n2 + 0.0592) = n4
H balance:
(2) n2 = 2n5
O balance
(3) 2 n4 = 100 × ( (2(0.254)) + (2(0.000592) + 0.0257 + (2(0.72) + n5 )
From (2), (2), (2) we have:
n2 = 183.6 mol H
n4 = 144.6 mol O2
n5 = 91.8 mol H2O
Total moles in feed (C+H+S): 258.4 so: 28.9%C, 71.1%H, 0.023%S