NEW ERA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

CE 327-18 (THEORY OF STRUCTURES)

Topic: Introduction of theory of structures

Section / Schedule: 3AR-2 / SAT 7:00 AM – 10:00 AM
3AR-1 / SAT 10:00 AM – 1:00 PM

NAME: _______________________________________________________________ DATE: _________________________________ SCORE: ________ /100

ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: One (1) DEADLINE OF ASSIGNMENT: January 28, 2023

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by encircling the letter of your
choice. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

Situational Problem 1: Introduction In order to accomplish this goal, it is customarily

necessary to make use of the fundamentals derived
1. A ____________ is a branch of science that deals with from the fields of applied mathematics, applied
prediction of performance characteristics of structural sciences (including physics and mechanics), and
members in response to different types of loads and materials science. The findings of the analysis are used
combination of loads, support settlements and to analyze the behavior of a structure under the load,
temperature changes. The performance with the only objective of certifying the integrity of the
characteristics commonly of interest in the design of structure when it is utilized. This is done in order to
structures are (1) stresses or resultants, such as axial ensure that the structure will not fail when it is put to
forces, shear forces, and bending moments; (2) use. Because of this, the theory of structures, often
deflections; and (3) support reactions. Thus, the known as structural analysis, plays an
analysis of structure usually involves determination of _____________________ in the engineering design of
these quantities as caused by a given loading structures.
condition. The objective of this topic is to present the
methods, principles and technique for the analysis of A. Important role
structures in static equilibrium. B. Unbelievable
C. Imaginary structure
A. Theory of Structure D. Simple and basic
B. Theory of equilibrium
C. Theory of mechanics 5. When modeling a real-life structure, it is necessary to
D. Theory of dynamics represent the form of the structure in terms of idealized
structural members, such as in the case of the plane
2. The study of the effects of loads, also known as frames as beam elements, in which the beams,
actions, on structures in the focus of the academic columns, and other structural elements are indicated
discipline known as the theory of structures. In this by line diagrams. This is required because the form of
context, the term ________ refers to an arrangement of the structure cannot be directly modeled using the
connection elements that are able to withstand the real-life structure. In most cases, the lines are aligned
weight of a load. As result of this, theory of structures to coincide with the centre lines of the members.
can also be found in some programs under the name
structural analysis. The structural designer is the one who ultimately
decides which type of structural system will be
A. Body implemented into the building. This decision will be
B. Element influenced by the function of the structure, the
C. Member materials that will be incorporated into the building,
D. Structure and the initial form of the building as envisioned by the
architect. It is possible that more than one form of
3. A ____________ is a structural model that represent the structural system may be required to satisfy the
actual structure for the purpose of analysis. The requirements of the problem. In this case, the designer
structural engineer in the start of design phase, will need to rely on their experience and expertise to
converts complicated structures in the most simplified select the solution that is the most appropriate.
model as practically possible, the behavioral
characteristics of the structure of interest to the Several examples of structural elements and systems
structural engineer, while discarding much of the include the following:
detail about member connections and alignments an
so on, that is expected to have little effect on the 1. Beams
desired characteristics. 2. Columns
3. Trusses
A. Structural result 4. Frames (portal frames, gable frames)
B. Structural model 5. Arches
C. Structural diagram 6. Cables
D. Structural analysis 7. Shear walls and bending walls
8. Continuum structures (shells, plates, domes, etc.)
4. In practice, the theory of structures is typically
concerned with the computation of the deformations A. 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6 only
(displacements), internal forces, stresses, stability, B. 1, 3, 5, 7 & 8 only
support reactions, velocity, and accelerations of C. 1, 2, 3, & 4 only
structures when they are under load. D. All of the above

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 2: Different Types of Loads different soil profiles and formations. Chapter 2 of
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)
6. ________ are stationary loads, they are fixed in position provides some important parameters in designing
and constant in magnitudes. It includes the self-weight structures due to _________ in all parts of our Country.
and other non-structural members connected to the
structural members which are designed to carry loads. A. Live Loads
Chapter 2 of National Structural Code of the B. Earthquake Loads
Philippines (NSCP) provides some important data for C. Wind Loads
the purpose of design. D. Dead Loads

A. Live Loads 11. _____________ are provided by structural codes and

B. Earthquake Loads standards to design structure to the most severe cases
C. Wind Loads or loads that are acting simultaneously to the
D. Dead Loads structure. The structural engineer is responsible to
predict the most severe cases where the structure will
7. _______ are movable loads, unlike dead loads are not be subjected from _____________ given on chapter 2
fixed in magnitudes. Prediction of _______ is more of the NSCP is also attached to the next page.
complicated than dead loads, the reason why
different structural codes and standards have set A. Live Loads
factors for ________ greater than dead loads in B. Earthquake Loads
calculating ultimate factored loads. Some examples C. Wind Loads
of _________ are the weight of vehicle passing through D. Combination of loads
a bridge, the different furniture’s in an office room and
the weight of occupants into a particular space. Situational Problem 3: Types of Beams
Chapter 2 of National Structural Code of the
Philippines (NSCP) provides some important data for
the purpose of design.

A. Live Loads
B. Earthquake Loads
C. Wind Loads
D. Dead Loads

8. _______ are destructive loads during typhoon and

hurricanes, Structural codes develop their standards
from previous experience in order to predict the
design loads in a particular location. In our country,
Chapter 2 of National Structural Code of the
Philippines (NSCP) provides some important Type of Beams
parameters in designing structures due to _________ in
all parts of our Country. 12. A ________ is fixed at one end and free at the other
end. It can be seen in the image above
A. Live Loads
B. Earthquake Loads A. Simply supported beam
C. Wind Loads B. Overhanging beam
D. Dead Loads C. Cantilever Beam
D. Continuous beam
9. Dams are good example of structure that resist
hydrostatic pressure which is calculated from the unit 13. A ________ is a type of beam that has pinned support
weight and depth of water being resisted. On the at one end and roller support at the other end.
other hand, gravity walls and retaining walls are Depending on the load applied, it undergoes shearing
designed to resist horizontal earth thrust or soil and bending. It is the one of the simplest structural
pressures which is calculated from the unit weight and elements in existence.
depth of soil being resisted.
A. Simply supported beam
A. Hydrostatic and soil pressures B. Overhanging beam
B. Earthquake Loads C. Cantilever Beam
C. Wind Loads D. Continuous beam
D. Dead Loads
14. A ________ is a beam that has one or both end portions
10. Due to ground motion during earthquake, upper extending beyond its supports. It may have any
(above ground) portion of structures vibrates in number of supports. If viewed in a different
horizontal direction and the inertia of the structure perspective, it appears as if it has the features of simply
resist the motion. The mass will be converted to supported beam d and cantilever beam.
horizontal forces that will be applied horizontally to the
structure. The calculation can be carried out by using A. Simply supported beam
applicable codes according to the location where B. Overhanging beam
the structure will be constructed. Different places and C. Cantilever Beam
location even the same country, seismic parameters D. Continuous beam
are different from one place to another because of

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

15. A ________ has more than two supports distributed Situational Problem 5: Different Types of Struct. Element
throughout its length. It can be understood well from
the image above. Structural elements may include external and internal load-
bearing brick or masonry walls, mud walls or timber-frames walls;
A. Fixed ended beam columns of stone, cast iron or concrete; stone, brick, or
B. Cantilever, simply supported beam (Prop concrete vaults; timber, iron or steel beams, trusses, girders and
Cantilever Beam) many others.
C. Cantilever Beam
D. Continuous beam

16. As the name suggests, _______ is a type of beam

whose both ends are fixed.

A. Fixed ended beam

B. Cantilever, simply supported beam (Prop
Cantilever Beam)
C. Cantilever Beam
D. Continuous beam

17. It is also cantilever type means one end fixed and

other end free, but a support named as prop is 21. ____________ are horizontal member design to resist
introduced at free end to support the free end. shear and bending moment subjected to loads
perpendicular to its transverse axis.
A. Fixed ended beam
B. Cantilever, simply supported beam (Prop A. Frames
Cantilever Beam) B. Trusses
C. Cantilever Beam C. Beams
D. Continuous beam D. Cable and Arches

Situational Problem 4: Roof Framing Systems 22. ____________ are assemblage of straight members
connected as their ends to form a rigid configuration.
These structural elements are usually designed to resist
axial stresses only and not bending and shear.

A. Frames
B. Trusses
C. Beams
D. Cable and Arches

23. ____________ are also straight members connected to

each other called columns and beams, but usually
their members are larger than a truss member. The
structural elements are designed to resist axial, shear
and bending moments unlike trusses which only
design to resist axial forces.

A. Frames
B. Trusses
C. Beams
18. The roof truss component 1 & 2 is _________. D. Cable and Arches

A. Top Chord & Bottom Chord 24. Other structural design to resist loads are cables and
B. Webs, Pitching Point arches. ________ are structural members designed to
C. Roof Battens & Top Chord resist tension forces.
D. Fascia, Roof Battens
A. Frames
19. The roof truss component 3 & 4 is _________. B. Cables
C. Beams
A. Bottom Chord & Roof Battens D. Arches
B. Pitching & Bottom Chord
C. Roof Battens & Top Chord 25. Other structural design to resist loads are cables and
D. Webs & Fascia arches. ________ are structural members designed to
compression forces.
20. The roof truss component 5 & 6 is _________.
A. Frames
A. Bottom Chord & Roof Battens B. Cables
B. Pitching & Bottom Chord C. Beams
C. Roof Battens & Top Chord D. Arches
D. Webs & Fascia

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 6: Type of Supports Situational Problem 7: Reinforced Concrete Building Elements

26. Identify the type of supports shown below.

A. Roller Support
B. Slider Support
C. Fixed Support
D. Pin support

27. Identify the type of supports shown below.

30. A _______ is the covering on the uppermost part of a

building. A ____ protects the building and its contents
from the effects of weather and the invasion of
animals. Structures that require _____ (s) range from a
letter box to a cathedral or stadium, house buildings
being the most numerous.
A. Roller Support
B. Slider Support
A. Footing
C. Fixed Support
B. Wall
D. Pin support
C. Pedestal
D. Roof
28. Identify the type of supports shown below.
31. The wall surrounding the basement floor is called the
_________. These walls can be regarded structurally as
part of the foundation. There walls are shear walls
which can resist lateral loads as well. Moreover, these
walls are meant to be highly non-porous and water
resistant.

A. Foundation wall
B. Basement wall
C. Slab Wall
D. Roof wall
A. Roller Support
B. Slider Support
32. An architectural support or base, as for a column or
C. Fixed Support
statue.
D. Pin support
A. Pedestal
B. Basement wall
29. Identify the type of supports shown below.
C. Column
D. Roof wall

33. _________ in a frame structure support the slab and

beams internally. They are not as susceptible to
buckling and environmental effects as the external
ones but still are externally important considering the
safety and stability of the building. These columns can
also serve aesthetic and architectural purposes.
A. Roller Support
B. Slider Support A. Exterior columns
C. Fixed Support B. Interior columns
D. Pin support C. Side columns
D. Eccentric columns

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 8: Reinforced Concrete Structure
39. A ___________ is a structural component that provides
resistance to bending when a load or force is applied.
These beams are commonly used in bridges. A beam
of this type has more than two points of support along
its length. These are usually in the same horizontal
plane, and the spans between the supports are in one
straight line.

A. Propped beam
B. Continuous beam
C. Cantilever beam
D. Overhang beam

40. Remember that in almost all cases, the framing system

we used in most part of Philippines is SMRF since we
are an earthquake prone region. In the 2nd printing,
NSCP 2015 now allowed _______ minimum girder from
the previously 250 mm. This has a lot of cost
implications. The previous 250 mm made may
34. ________ are normally cylindrical with continuous spiral architects bit angry especially when your project is a
bars wrapped around them. Spiral reinforcement typical residential one. With this new provision, for sure
helps to provide transverse support. it will be a great relief. However, let’s not forget that
implementation of this minimum dimension should be
A. Spiral columns carefully observed since many recent earthquakes
B. Tied columns prove too strong for very small beam and column
C. Composite columns dimensions.
D. Triangular columns
A. 150 mm
35. ________ are closely spaced continuous spirals that B. 200 mm
hold the longitudinal bars in the forms while the C. 175 mm
concrete is being placed. It is used to prevents the D. 300 mm
sudden crushing of concrete and the buckling of
longitudinal steel bars. 41. As per NSCP 2015, bars larger than a _______ diameter
shall not be bundled in beams.
A. Tied reinforcements
B. Spiral reinforcements A. 16 mm
C. Column reinforcements B. 20 mm
D. Triangular reinforcements C. 36 mm
D. 12 mm
36. As per NSCP 2015, minimum number of longitudinal
bars in compression shall be ______ for bars enclosed 42. As per NSCP 2015, bundled bars shall be enclosed
by spirals. within transverse reinforcement. Bundled bars in
compression members shall be enclosed by transverse
A. 3 bars reinforcement at least ______ diameter in size.
B. 4 bars
C. 5 bars A. 16 mm
D. 6 bars B. 20 mm
C. 36 mm
37. As per NSCP 2015, the area of longitudinal D. 12 mm
reinforcement for non-composite compression
members shall not be less than ______ times gross area 43. As per NSCP 2015, development length for individual
“Ag”, of section. bars within a bundle, in tension or compression, shall
be that of the individual bar, ________ for a three-bar
A. 0.01 or more than 0.08 bundle, and _________ for a four-bar bundle.
B. 0.02 or more than 0.09
C. 0.03 or more than 0.10 A. 20 percent, 33 percent
D. 0.04 or more than 0.11 B. 30 percent, 43 percent
C. 40 percent, 53 percent
38. As per NSCP 2015, clear spacing between spirals shall D. 50 percent, 63 percent
not exceed ______ or to be less than 25 mm.

A. 60 mm
B. 50 mm
C. 75 mm
D. 80 mm

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 9: Types of structure
44. The _______ is a thin, curved plate structure shaped to
transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and
shear stresses that act in the plane of the surface.
47. There frames are built at the site. They provide more
stability and resist rotations effectively to different
types of structures in construction.

A. Shell Structure
A. Shell Structure B. Pre-Engineered Structure
B. Pre-Engineered Structure C. Mass Structure
C. Mass Structure D. Rigid Frame Structure
D. Load Bearing Structure
48. A ______ is a very short structural cantilever member
45. A pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a projecting from a wall or a column for the purpose of
supplier or manufacturer with a single design to be carrying loads. In reinforced concrete structures
fabricated using various materials and methods to ______ (s) are cast monolithically with the wall or
satisfy a wide range of a structural and aesthetic columns supporting them. They are found mainly in
design requirements. bridges, industrial buildings, and commercial buildings
with precast construction.

A. Shell Structure
B. Pre-Engineered Structure A. Corbel
C. Mass Structure B. Cantilever Beam
D. Load Bearing Structure C. Cantilever Slab
D. Curve Beam
46. A ______ is a structure that is made by combining
similar materials into a certain shape or design. 49. _______ are generally structures that are fixed (or
Mountains are an example of a natural ________, and continuous) at one end, and free (supported at the
brick walls are an example of a man-made ________. other end). As a matter of fact, they are one of the
most challenging structures to design given that the
bending moment increases with the square of the
length, while the deflection increases to the fourth
power of the length. As a result, controlling deflection
and dealing with stability of large span cantilever
structural systems is always a challenge in design.

A. Shell Structure
B. Pre-Engineered Structure
C. Mass Structure
D. Load Bearing Structure A. Simply supported structures
B. Cantilever structures
C. Fixed structures
D. Hanging by a moment structure

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 10: Types of bridge structure 54. What types of bridge is this?

50. What types of bridge is this?

A. Arches Bridges
B. Truss Bridges
A. Arches Bridges
C. Suspension Bridges
B. Truss Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges
C. Beam Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges
55. What types of bridge is this?
51. What types of bridge is this?

A. Arches Bridges A. Arches Bridges

B. Truss Bridges B. Truss Bridges
C. Beam Bridges C. Movable Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges D. Pedestrian Bridges

52. What types of bridge is this? 56. What types of bridge is this?

A. Arches Bridges
B. Truss Bridges A. Arches Bridges
C. Beam Bridges B. Double-decked Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges C. Movable Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges
53. What types of bridge is this?
57. What types of bridge is this?

A. Arches Bridges
B. Cable-Stayed Bridges
C. Beam Bridges A. Arches Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges B. Truss Bridges
C. Aqueduct Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 11: Types of Structure 62. What type of structure are shown below.

58. What type of House design are shown below.

A. Arches Truss
B. Simply Supported Beam Truss
C. Grandstand with Cantilever Truss
D. Spandrel Truss

A. Cantilever House Design 63. What type of structure are shown below.
B. Simply House Design
C. Fixed House Design
D. Propped House Design

59. What type of Retaining wall are shown below.

A. Batching Plant and Equipment

B. Transit Mixer
C. Barrack
A. Concrete Retaining Wall D. Steel Structural Frame
B. Precast Retaining Wall
C. Spandrel Retaining Wall 64. What type of structure are shown below.
D. Counterfort Retaining Wall

60. What type of Pedestrian are shown below.

A. Hexagon and Octagon House

B. Circular House
C. Ellipse House
D. Curve House

A. Trapezoid Cantilever Pedestrian 65. What type of structure are shown below.
B. Square Cantilever Pedestrian
C. Circle Cantilever Pedestrian
D. Rectangular Cantilever Pedestrian

61. What type of columns are shown below.

A. A-Frame House
B. Pyramid House
C. Ellipse House
D. Curve House
A. V & Four Diagonal Head Column
B. Simply Column
C. Complex Column
D. Triangular Column

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 12: Tower Crain 72. Part of a tower crane number 7 is _________.

A. Hoist
B. Turntable
C. Counter-jib
D. Main load line

73. Part of a tower crane number 8 is _________.

A. Counterweight
B. Main winch and motors
C. Turntable
D. Trolley

74. Part of a tower crane number 9 is _________.

A. Main winch and motors

B. Hook block
C. Hoist
D. Turntable

75. Part of a tower crane number 10 is _________.

A. Trolley
B. Tower peak
Figure No. 1 – Parts of a Tower Crane C. Foundation
D. Hoist
66. Part of a tower crane number 1 is _________.
76. Part of a tower crane number 11 is _________.
A. Foundation
B. Mast A. Turntable
C. Hoist B. Trolley
D. Turntable C. Hoist
D. Trolley
67. Part of a tower crane number 2 is _________.
77. Part of a tower crane number 12 is _________.
A. Foundation
B. Hoist A. Hoist
C. Hook Block B. Jib
D. Mast C. Trolley
D. Jib
68. Part of a tower crane number 3 is _________.
78. Part of a tower crane number 13 is _________.
A. Mast
B. Turntable A. Tower peak
C. Trolley B. Counterweight
D. Operator’s cab C. Main winch and motors
D. Main load line
69. Part of a tower crane number 4 is _________.

A. Trolley
B. Jib
C. Tower peak
D. Counterweight

70. Part of a tower crane number 5 is _________.

A. Trolley
B. Jib
C. Tower peak
D. Operator’s cab

71. Part of a tower crane number 6 is _________.

A. Turntable
B. Counterweight
C. Trolley
D. Jib

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 13: Loadings Situational Problem 15: Steel Structures

79. Live load of the first floor shall be at least _______ for
Group A – Residential Dwellings

A. 200 kg/m2
B. 175 kg/m2
C. 150 kg/m2
D. 120 kg/m2

80. Live load of the second floor shall be at least _______

for Group A – Residential Dwellings

A. 200 kg/m2
B. 175 kg/m2
C. 150 kg/m2
D. 120 kg/m2

81. The wind load for roofs shall be at least ______ for 86. What is figure A
vertical projection, Group A – Residential Dwellings
A. Post and beam end frame
A. 200 kg/m2 B. Corner post
B. 175 kg/m2 C. Roof system
C. 150 kg/m2 D. Rafter
D. 120 kg/m2
87. What is figure B
Situational Problem 14: Types of Slabs
A. Post and beam end frame
B. Corner post
C. Roof system
D. Rafter

88. What is figure C

A. Post and beam end frame

B. Corner post
C. Roof system
82. What is figure A
D. Rafter
A. One Way Slab
89. What is figure D
B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Two Way Slab
A. Post and beam end frame
D. Waffle Slab
B. Corner post
C. Roof system
83. What is figure B
D. Eave purlin
A. One Way Slab
90. What is figure E
B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Two Way Slab
A. Post and beam end frame
D. Waffle Slab
B. Corner post
C. Roof system
84. What is figure C
D. Eave purlin
A. One Way Slab
B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Two Way Slab
D. Waffle Slab

85. What is figure D

A. One Way Slab

B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Two Way Slab
D. Waffle Slab

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 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

Situational Problem 16: Slope Protections Situational Problem 17: Connections

91. What type of slope protection is shown below.

A. Piling Wall
B. Buttress Wall
C. Counterfort Wall
D. Anchor Wall

92. What type of slope protection is shown below.

A. Piling Wall 96. Which of the following is used to connect steel and
B. Anchor Wall concrete?
C. Cantilever Wall
D. Buttress Wall A. Figure A and D
B. Figure A and B
93. What type of slope protection is shown below. C. Figure A and C
D. Figure A and E

97. Figure B is used to connect what?

A. Ceiling frame
B. Plyboard
A. Cantilever Wall C. Roof Framing
B. Buttress Wall D. Foundation
C. Anchor Wall
D. Counterfort Wall 98. Figure C is used to connect what?

A. Wood construction systems

94. What type of slope protection is shown below. B. Concrete construction systems
C. Roof Framing construction systems
D. Foundation construction systems

A. Piling Wall 99. Figure A is called what?

B. Buttress Wall
C. Cantilever Wall A. Military bazooka
D. Anchor Wall B. Concrete hammer with steel handle
C. Base plate
D. Flagpole support

100. Which of the following is used to connect two

95. What type of slope protection is shown below. plyboards at right angle?

A. Figure A
B. Figure B
A. Buttress Wall C. Figure D
B. Piling Wall D. Figure E
C. Cantilever Wall
D. Anchor Wall “For with God nothing shall be impossible – Luke 1:37”

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