NEW ERA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

CE 327-18 (THEORY OF STRUCTURES)

Topic: Introduction of theory of structures

Section / Schedule: 3AR-2 / SAT 7:00 AM – 10:00 AM
3AR-1 / SAT 10:00 AM – 1:00 PM

NAME: _______________________________________________________________ DATE: _________________________________ SCORE: ________ /100

SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: One (1) DEADLINE OF SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT: February 18, 2023

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by encircling the letter of your
choice. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

1)ST Problem2 8) ST Problem2

Arch structures resist stresses mainly by developing The bending moment in a cable structure will be maximum at
the support
A. Bending moments
B. Axial compression A. True
C. Normal shear B. False
D. Non-linear deflection C. Maybe
D. None
2) ST Problem2
For a cantilever, maximum bending moment will occur at the? 9) ST Problem2
Trusses resist load by primarily developing?
A. Fixed end
B. Free end A. Axial forces
C. Mid-span B. Shear forces
D. Depends on the loading C. Bending moment
D. Shear forces
3) ST Problem2
The maximum moment of resistance of a fully yielded cross- 10) ST Problem2
section is called? In a structural member, the maximum deflection will occur at?

A. Ultimate moment A. The point of zero slope

B. Hogging moment B. The point of maximum moment
C. Design moment C. Where shear force is maximum
D. Fully plastic moment D. Where axial forces are tensile

4) ST Problem2 11) ST Problem2

Which method is not used in evaluation of deflection of How many reactions are found on a roller support?
structures?
A. One horizontal reaction
A. Double integration method B. One vertical reaction
B. Virtual work method C. Two reactions
C. Castigliano’s theorem D. Three reactions
D. Moment distribution method
12) ST Problem2
5) ST Problem2 Members subjected to axial tensile force are usually reffered to
Bending moment in a structure will likely be maximum _______?
as?
A. At the mid-span A. Beams
B. At the fixed end B. Ties
C. Where shear force changes sign
C. Struts
D. Where deflection is maximum D. Columns
6) ST Problem2 13) ST Problem2
Differentiating the equation for bending moment will yield?
The ability of a structure to recover equilibrium is known as
A. The equation for slope A. Limit state
B. The equation for deflection B. Stability
C. The equation for shear
C. Flexural rigidity
D. The externally applied load D. Buckling
7) ST Problem2 14) ST Problem2
Integrating the equation for bending will give?
The deflected shape of a structure is usually called?
A. The equation for slope A. The elastic curve
B. The equation for deflection B. The yield line
C. The equation for shear
C. The neutral axis
D. The equation for axial force D. Creep

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
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15) ST Problem2 23) ST Problem2

Which of the following is used for analysis of moving loads in a Axial forces in a column are transferred to the beams they are
structure? supporting as?

A. Hardy Cross moment distribution A. Axial forces

B. Clapeyron’s theorem of three moments B. Shear forces
C. Bernoulli method C. Bending moment
D. Influence lines D. Deflection

16) ST Problem2 24) ST Problem2

The support of arch structures is usually referred to as? The ratio of unsupported length of a column to the minimum
radius of gyration is called?
A. Abutments
B. Springings A. Slenderness ratio
C. Pinned support B. Buckling factor
D. Elastic foundation C. Stability
D. None of the above
17) ST Problem2
The essence of structural analysis from the view point of 25) ST Problem2
stiffness is to determine? A material having identical properties in all directions is called?
A. The stability A. Elastic
B. The strength B. Homogenous
C. The natural frequency
C. Isotropic
D. The displacements D. All of the above
18) ST Problem2
The analysis of additional moment induced in a structure due 26) ST Problem2
to axial compressive load and lateral displacements is known If load passes through the shear centre of a beam, then there
as? will be

A. Buckling analysis A. No bending in the beam

B. Non-linear analysis B. Only bending in the beam
C. P-Delta analysis C. Bending with twisting
D. Linear elastic analysis D. Only twisting in the beam

19) ST Problem2 27) ST Problem2

The rotational tendency of a force is known as? Structures for which all reactions and internal forces cannot be
determined solely using equilibrium equations are called?
A. Torque
B. Energy A. Rigid structures
C. Moment B. Statically determinate structures
D. Shear C. Statically indeterminate structures
D. Kinematic structures
20) ST Problem2
Which of the following is the importance of knowlegde of 28) ST Problem2
deflection of structures? The assumption that factors such as reaction, displacements,
etc., caused by different loads which act simultaneously, are
A. For comparison of theoretical and actual deflection equal to the algebraic sum of this factor due to each load
B. For analysis of statically indeterminate structures separately is called?
C. For dynamic analysis
D. All of the above A. Law of addition of vectors
B. Principle of superposition
21) ST Problem2 C. Law of static equilibrium
In cable structures, vertical loads give rise to horizontal D. Principle of moment
reactions
29) ST Problem2
A. True For a truss to be statically determinate and stable, which of the
B. False equation below holds good? (where: m = number of members,
C. Maybe r = number of support reactions, j = number of joints)
D. None
A. m+r=2j
22) ST Problem2 B. m+r>2j
The strain energy stored by a body within elastic limit when C. m+r<2j
loaded externally is called? D. m+r+j=0

A. Shear modulus
B. Resilience
C. Potential energy
D. Yield strength

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30-34) ST Problem2 37. A ________ is a beam that has one or both end portions
Situational Problem 1: Type of Supports extending beyond its supports. It may have any
number of supports. If viewed in a different
31. Identify the type of supports shown below. perspective, it appears as if it has the features of simply
supported beam d and cantilever beam.
A. Roller Support
B. Slider Support A. Simply supported beam
C. Fixed Support B. Overhanging beam
D. Pin support C. Cantilever Beam
D. Continuous beam
32. Identify the type of supports shown below.
38. A ________ has more than two supports distributed
A. Roller Support throughout its length. It can be understood well from
B. Slider Support the image above.
C. Fixed Support
D. Pin support A. Fixed ended beam
B. Cantilever, simply supported beam (Prop
33. Identify the type of supports shown below. Cantilever Beam)
C. Cantilever Beam
A. Roller Support D. Continuous beam
B. Slider Support
C. Fixed Support 39. As the name suggests, _______ is a type of beam
D. Pin support whose both ends are fixed.

34. Identify the type of supports shown below. A. Fixed ended beam
B. Cantilever, simply supported beam (Prop
A. Roller Support Cantilever Beam)
B. Slider Support C. Cantilever Beam
C. Fixed Support D. Continuous beam
D. Pin support
40. It is also cantilever type means one end fixed and
35-40) ST Problem2 other end free, but a support named as prop is
Situational Problem 2: Types of Beams introduced at free end to support the free end.

A. Fixed ended beam

B. Cantilever, simply supported beam (Prop
Cantilever Beam)
C. Cantilever Beam
D. Continuous beam

41-45) ST Problem2
Situational Problem 3: Steel Structures

Type of Beams

35. A ________ is fixed at one end and free at the other

end. It can be seen in the image above

A. Simply supported beam

B. Overhanging beam
C. Cantilever Beam
D. Continuous beam 41. What is figure A

36. A ________ is a type of beam that has pinned support A. Post and beam end frame
at one end and roller support at the other end. B. Corner post
Depending on the load applied, it undergoes shearing C. Roof system
and bending. It is the one of the simplest structural D. Rafter
elements in existence.
42. What is figure B
A. Simply supported beam
B. Overhanging beam A. Post and beam end frame
C. Cantilever Beam B. Corner post
D. Continuous beam C. Roof system
D. Rafter

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43. What is figure C 50. Other structural design to resist loads are cables and
arches. ________ are structural members designed to
A. Post and beam end frame compression forces.
B. Corner post
C. Roof system A. Frames
D. Rafter B. Cables
C. Beams
44. What is figure D D. Arches

A. Post and beam end frame 51-53) ST Problem2

B. Corner post Situational Problem 5: Roof Framing Systems
C. Roof system
D. Eave purlin

45. What is figure E

A. Post and beam end frame

B. Corner post
C. Roof system
D. Eave purlin

46-50) ST Problem2
Situational Problem 4: Different Types of Struct. Element

46. ____________ are horizontal member design to resist

shear and bending moment subjected to loads 51. The roof truss component 1 & 2 is _________.
perpendicular to its transverse axis.
A. Top Chord & Bottom Chord
A. Frames B. Webs, Pitching Point
B. Trusses C. Roof Battens & Top Chord
C. Beams D. Fascia, Roof Battens
D. Cable and Arches
52. The roof truss component 3 & 4 is _________.
47. ____________ are assemblage of straight members
connected as their ends to form a rigid configuration. A. Bottom Chord & Roof Battens
These structural elements are usually designed to resist B. Pitching & Bottom Chord
axial stresses only and not bending and shear. C. Roof Battens & Top Chord
D. Webs & Fascia
A. Frames
B. Trusses 53. The roof truss component 5 & 6 is _________.
C. Beams
D. Cable and Arches A. Bottom Chord & Roof Battens
B. Pitching & Bottom Chord
48. ____________ are also straight members connected to C. Roof Battens & Top Chord
each other called columns and beams, but usually D. Webs & Fascia
their members are larger than a truss member. The
structural elements are designed to resist axial, shear 54-59) ST Problem2
and bending moments unlike trusses which only Situational Problem 6: Introduction
design to resist axial forces.
54. A ____________ is a branch of science that deals with
A. Frames prediction of performance characteristics of structural
B. Trusses members in response to different types of loads and
C. Beams combination of loads, support settlements and
D. Cable and Arches temperature changes. The performance
characteristics commonly of interest in the design of
49. Other structural design to resist loads are cables and structures are (1) stresses or resultants, such as axial
arches. ________ are structural members designed to forces, shear forces, and bending moments; (2)
resist tension forces. deflections; and (3) support reactions. Thus, the
analysis of structure usually involves determination of
A. Frames these quantities as caused by a given loading
B. Cables condition. The objective of this topic is to present the
C. Beams methods, principles, and technique for the analysis of
D. Arches structures in static equilibrium.

A. Theory of Structure
B. Theory of equilibrium
C. Theory of mechanics
D. Theory of dynamics

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#9 Central Avenue, New Era, Quezon City

55. The study of the effects of loads, also known as 59. When modeling a real-life structure, it is necessary to
actions, on structures in the focus of the academic represent the form of the structure in terms of idealized
discipline known as the theory of structures. In this structural members, such as in the case of the plane
context, the term ________ refers to an arrangement of frames as beam elements, in which the beams,
connection elements that are able to withstand the columns, and other structural elements are indicated
weight of a load. As result of this, theory of structures by line diagrams. This is required because the form of
can also be found in some programs under the name the structure cannot be directly modeled using the
structural analysis. real-life structure. In most cases, the lines are aligned
to coincide with the centre lines of the members.
A. Body
B. Element The structural designer is the one who ultimately
C. Member decides which type of structural system will be
D. Structure implemented into the building. This decision will be
influenced by the function of the structure, the
56. A ____________ is a structural model that represent the materials that will be incorporated into the building,
actual structure for the purpose of analysis. The and the initial form of the building as envisioned by the
structural engineer in the start of design phase, architect. It is possible that more than one form of
converts complicated structures in the most simplified structural system may be required to satisfy the
model as practically possible, the behavioral requirements of the problem. In this case, the designer
characteristics of the structure of interest to the will need to rely on their experience and expertise to
structural engineer, while discarding much of the select the solution that is the most appropriate. Several
detail about member connections and alignments an examples of structural elements and systems include
so on, that is expected to have little effect on the the following:
desired characteristics. 1. Beams
2. Columns
A. Structural result 3. Trusses
B. Structural model 4. Frames (portal frames, gable frames)
C. Structural diagram 5. Arches
D. Structural analysis 6. Cables
7. Shear walls and bending walls
57. In practice, the theory of structures is typically 8. Continuum structures (shells, plates, domes, etc.)
concerned with the computation of the deformations
(displacements), internal forces, stresses, stability, A. 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6 only
support reactions, velocity, and accelerations of B. 1, 3, 5, 7 & 8 only
structures when they are under load. C. 1, 2, 3, & 4 only
D. All of the above
In order to accomplish this goal, it is customarily
necessary to make use of the fundamentals derived 60-64) ST Problem2
from the fields of applied mathematics, applied Situational Problem 7: Different Types of Loads
sciences (including physics and mechanics), and
materials science. The findings of the analysis are used 60. ________ are stationary loads, they are fixed in position
to analyze the behavior of a structure under the load, and constant in magnitudes. It includes the self-weight
with the only objective of certifying the integrity of the and other non-structural members connected to the
structure when it is utilized. This is done in order to structural members which are designed to carry loads.
ensure that the structure will not fail when it is put to Chapter 2 of National Structural Code of the
use. Because of this, the theory of structures, often Philippines (NSCP) provides some important data for
known as structural analysis, plays an the purpose of design.
_____________________ in the engineering design of
structures. A. Live Loads
B. Earthquake Loads
A. Important role C. Wind Loads
B. Unbelievable D. Dead Loads
C. Imaginary structure
D. Simple and basic 61. _______ are movable loads, unlike dead loads are not
fixed in magnitudes. Prediction of _______ is more
58. _____________ are provided by structural codes and complicated than dead loads, the reason why
standards to design structure to the most severe cases different structural codes and standards have set
or loads that are acting simultaneously to the factors for ________ greater than dead loads in
structure. The structural engineer is responsible to calculating ultimate factored loads. Some examples
predict the most severe cases where the structure will of _________ are the weight of vehicle passing through
be subjected from _____________ given on chapter 2 a bridge, the different furniture’s in an office room and
of the NSCP is also attached to the next page. the weight of occupants into a particular space.
Chapter 2 of National Structural Code of the
A. Live Loads Philippines (NSCP) provides some important data for
B. Earthquake Loads the purpose of design.
C. Wind Loads
D. Combination of loads A. Live Loads
B. Earthquake Loads
C. Wind Loads
D. Dead Loads

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62. _______ are destructive loads during typhoon and
hurricanes, Structural codes develop their standards
from previous experience in order to predict the
design loads in a particular location. In our country,
Chapter 2 of National Structural Code of the
Philippines (NSCP) provides some important
parameters in designing structures due to _________ in
all parts of our Country.
66. A pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a
supplier or manufacturer with a single design to be
fabricated using various materials and methods to
satisfy a wide range of a structural and aesthetic
design requirements.

A. Live Loads
B. Earthquake Loads
C. Wind Loads
D. Dead Loads

63. Dams are good example of structure that resist

hydrostatic pressure which is calculated from the unit
weight and depth of water being resisted. On the A. Shell Structure
other hand, gravity walls and retaining walls are B. Pre-Engineered Structure
designed to resist horizontal earth thrust or soil C. Mass Structure
pressures which is calculated from the unit weight and D. Load Bearing Structure
depth of soil being resisted.
67. A ______ is a structure that is made by combining
A. Hydrostatic and soil pressures similar materials into a certain shape or design.
B. Earthquake Loads Mountains are an example of a natural ________, and
C. Wind Loads brick walls are an example of a man-made ________.
D. Dead Loads

64. Due to ground motion during earthquake, upper

(above ground) portion of structures vibrates in
horizontal direction and the inertia of the structure
resist the motion. The mass will be converted to
horizontal forces that will be applied horizontally to the
structure. The calculation can be carried out by using
applicable codes according to the location where
the structure will be constructed. Different places and
location even the same country, seismic parameters
are different from one place to another because of
different soil profiles and formations. Chapter 2 of
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)
provides some important parameters in designing A. Shell Structure
structures due to _________ in all parts of our Country. B. Pre-Engineered Structure
C. Mass Structure
A. Live Loads D. Load Bearing Structure
B. Earthquake Loads
C. Wind Loads 68. There frames are built at the site. They provide more
D. Dead Loads stability and resist rotations effectively to different
types of structures in construction.
65-70) ST Problem2
Situational Problem 8: Types of structure

65. The _______ is a thin, curved plate structure shaped to

transmit applied forces by compressive, tensile, and
shear stresses that act in the plane of the surface.

A. Shell Structure
A. Shell Structure B. Pre-Engineered Structure
B. Pre-Engineered Structure C. Mass Structure
C. Mass Structure D. Rigid Frame Structure
D. Load Bearing Structure

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69. A ______ is a very short structural cantilever member 71. Part of a tower crane number 1 is _________.
projecting from a wall or a column for the purpose of
carrying loads. In reinforced concrete structures A. Foundation
______ (s) are cast monolithically with the wall or B. Mast
columns supporting them. They are found mainly in C. Hoist
bridges, industrial buildings, and commercial buildings D. Turntable
with precast construction.
72. Part of a tower crane number 2 is _________.

A. Foundation
B. Hoist
C. Hook Block
D. Mast

73. Part of a tower crane number 3 is _________.

A. Mast
B. Turntable
A. Corbel C. Trolley
B. Cantilever Beam D. Operator’s cab
C. Cantilever Slab
D. Curve Beam 74. Part of a tower crane number 4 is _________.

70. _______ are generally structures that are fixed (or A. Trolley
continuous) at one end, and free (supported at the B. Jib
other end). As a matter of fact, they are one of the C. Tower peak
most challenging structures to design given that the D. Counterweight
bending moment increases with the square of the
length, while the deflection increases to the fourth 75. Part of a tower crane number 5 is _________.
power of the length. As a result, controlling deflection
and dealing with stability of large span cantilever A. Trolley
structural systems is always a challenge in design. B. Jib
C. Tower peak
D. Operator’s cab

76. Part of a tower crane number 6 is _________.

A. Turntable
B. Counterweight
C. Trolley
D. Jib

77. Part of a tower crane number 7 is _________.

A. Simply supported structures
B. Cantilever structures A. Hoist
C. Fixed structures B. Turntable
C. Counter-jib
D. Hanging by a moment structure
D. Main load line
71-83) ST Problem2
Situational Problem 9: Tower Crane 78. Part of a tower crane number 8 is _________.

A. Counterweight
B. Main winch and motors
C. Turntable
D. Trolley

79. Part of a tower crane number 9 is _________.

A. Main winch and motors

B. Hook block
C. Hoist
D. Turntable

80. Part of a tower crane number 10 is _________.

A. Trolley
B. Tower peak
C. Foundation
D. Hoist
Figure No. 1 – Parts of a Tower Crane
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81. Part of a tower crane number 11 is _________. 88. What is figure B

A. Turntable A. One Way Slab

B. Trolley B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Hoist C. Two Way Slab
D. Trolley D. Waffle Slab

82. Part of a tower crane number 12 is _________. 89. What is figure C

A. Hoist A. One Way Slab

B. Jib B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Trolley C. Two Way Slab
D. Jib D. Waffle Slab

83. Part of a tower crane number 13 is _________. 90. What is figure D

A. Tower peak A. One Way Slab

B. Counterweight B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Main winch and motors C. Two Way Slab
D. Main load line D. Waffle Slab

84-86) ST Problem2 91-100) ST Problem2

Situational Problem 10: Loadings Situational Problem 11: Types of bridge structure

84. Live load of the first floor shall be at least _______ for 91. What types of bridge is this?
Group A – Residential Dwellings

A. 200 kg/m2
B. 175 kg/m2
C. 150 kg/m2
D. 120 kg/m2

85. Live load of the second floor shall be at least _______

for Group A – Residential Dwellings

A. 200 kg/m2 A. Arches Bridges

B. 175 kg/m2 B. Truss Bridges
C. 150 kg/m2 C. Beam Bridges
D. 120 kg/m2 D. Tied Arch Bridges

86. The wind load for roofs shall be at least ______ for 92. What types of bridge is this?
vertical projection, Group A – Residential Dwellings

A. 200 kg/m2
B. 175 kg/m2
C. 150 kg/m2
D. 120 kg/m2

87-90) ST Problem2
Situational Problem 14: Types of Slabs
A. Arches Bridges
B. Truss Bridges
C. Beam Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges

93. What types of bridge is this?

87. What is figure A

A. One Way Slab

B. Flat Plate Slab
C. Two Way Slab
D. Waffle Slab
A. Arches Bridges
B. Truss Bridges
C. Beam Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges

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94. What types of bridge is this? 98. What type of slope protection is shown below.

A. Cantilever Wall
B. Buttress Wall
C. Anchor Wall
D. Counterfort Wall

A. Arches Bridges
B. Cable-Stayed Bridges 99. What type of slope protection is shown below.
C. Beam Bridges
D. Tied Arch Bridges

95. What types of bridge is this? A. Piling Wall

B. Buttress Wall
C. Cantilever Wall
D. Anchor Wall

100. What type of slope protection is shown below.

A. Buttress Wall
A. Arches Bridges
B. Piling Wall
B. Truss Bridges
C. Cantilever Wall
C. Suspension Bridges
D. Anchor Wall
D. Tied Arch Bridges

96-100) ST Problem2
Situational Problem 12: Slope Protections

96. What type of slope protection is shown below.

“For with God nothing shall be impossible – Luke 1:37”

A. Piling Wall
B. Buttress Wall
C. Counterfort Wall
D. Anchor Wall

97. What type of slope protection is shown below.

A. Piling Wall
B. Anchor Wall
C. Cantilever Wall
D. Buttress Wall

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