PDF Slides PSC Sho - Student

16-Apr-21
UTM Professional Skills Certificate

UTM Professional Skills Certificate
Trainer
ABDUL RAHIM ABDUL HAMID
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 1 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 2
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HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICER: INTRODUCTORY COURSE

Programme
TIME
Student learning time (SLT) and Assessment
DAY 1 DAY 2
9.00 – 10.30 1. Perspective and occupational
safety and health (OSH) Case study analysis on occupational
2. SHO: Route to OSH Career safety and health for workplace Nos. Student learning time Percentage Total SLT
3. OSH legislation and regulations
(SLT) (hr)
10.30– 11.00 BREAK BREAK
1 Lecture/discussion 12
11.30 – 12.30 4. Incident Prevention and Accidents
causations in work place. Presentation 2 Reflection Report 40 1
5. Hazards at Workplace 3 Case Study Report 50 2
6. OSH Management Systems
12.30 – 2.00 BREAK BREAK
4 Group Presentation 10 1
2.00 – 3.30 7. Managing, implementation and
Presentation
Grand Total 100 16
controlling of OSH Audit
3.30 – 4.00 BREAK BREAK
4.00-5.00 Case study analysis on occupational Presentation
safety and health for workplace
3 4
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 1
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1
Perspective and
DAY 1 occupational safety and
health (OSH)
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“An unexpected, unplanned event in sequence

of events, that occurs through a combination of
causes. It results in injury or disease
to an individual, damage
to property or equipment,
a near-miss, a loss or any
combination of these effects”.
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 7 b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 8
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Costs of an Accidents
RM1.00
Estimated average
= RM8.00 –
RM36.00
b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 9 b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 10
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THE HIDDEN COSTS 1. Chernobyl [Losses $ 200 Billion]

Insured Costs -- covering injury, ill health, damage.
Hidden Uninsured – 8-36 times as much as insured costs
1. Product and material 7. Investigation time.

damage 8. Supervisors time diverted
2. Plant and building 9. Clerical Effort
damage. 10.Overtime working.
3. Tool and equipment 11.Temporary labour..
damage.
4. Expenditure on 12.Loss of expertise /
emergency experience supplies
5. Fines. 13.Clearing site.
6. Legal costs. 14.Production delays.
b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 11 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 12
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On April 26, 1986, the world witnessed the costliest accident in

history. The Chernobyl disaster has been called the biggest socio- Amongst the worst Industrial Disasters of its time -
economic catastrophe in peacetime history. 50% of the area of Bhopal
Ukraine is in some way contaminated. Over 200,000 people had to be
evacuated and resettled while 1.7 million people were directly
affected by the disaster. The death toll attributed to Chernobyl,
including people who died from cancer years later, is estimated at
125,000. The total costs including cleanup, resettlement, and
compensation to victims has been estimated to be roughly $200
Billion. The cost of a new steel shelter for the Chernobyl nuclear plant
will cost $2 billion alone. The accident was officially attributed to
power plant operators who violated plant procedures and were
ignorant of the safety requirements needed
Union Carbide Corporation
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Occurrence: 3rd December 1984.

.
Place of occurrence: Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Company: Union Carbide Corporation.
Chemical: Methyl Isocyanate (27 tons)
3] Abandonment of Safeguards
Among the 500,000 people exposed to the gas, 20,000 have died till date and 120,000 Economic problems and the resultant pressure to save money lead to the
continue to suffer devastating health effects as a result of their exposure. Civil
shutting down of vital safety systems. If the factory was uneconomic it would
settlement US$470 million and on going court cases even until now.
have proved a more sensible option to shut it down.
There were a number of clear contributory factors that caused this disaster.
4] Medical Unpreparedness
1] Factory Siting Not enough information on the toxicity of the factory’s products and lack of
A plant producing a variety of very dangerous compounds was sited: knowledge of treatment in the local hospitals. The factory should have been
a) too close to a residential area much more pro-active in liasing with the municipal authorities in preparing an
b) on the wrong side with respect to the prevailing wind. emergency evacuation plan.
2] Large Product Inventory

Total storage capacity of MIC was in excess of 150 m3. When dealing with such toxic
products, the amount at hand should always be minimized
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5. Piper Alpha Oil Rig [Losses $ 3.4 The worst day in the history of the world’s oil. At the time of
Piper Alpha Oil is the largest oil producer in the world
Billion] because it can produce 317 000 barrels of oil per day. On July
6, 1988, as part of routine maintenance, technicians check
valve, ensure more than 100 valves truly in good condition.
Unfortunately, the technician made a mistake and forgot to
replace one of them. At 10 pm on the same day, a technician
began pressing the button to move the liquid pumps and gas
most expensive in the world, and simultaneously start a
horrible accident. In less than two hours, the fire, grabbed
more from a distance of 300 feet, threw down the entire
contents of the building killed 167 workers and caused the
loss of $ 3.4 Billion.
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• Gulf of Mexico – 87 day spill

• Deepest oil well in history – 10,683 m
• Ignited fireball visible 56 km away
• Fire could not be extinguished, on 22 April
2010 Deepwater Horizon sank
• US$60 billion cleanup, claims and fines
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OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 21 Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 22
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How to manage Requires the commitment of the

Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety manager to complete 3 steps:
and Health at the
work place?
1.The workplace must have a Policy
• OSH means: Statement on Occupational Safety
……………………………………………………………………… and Health;
………………………………………………………………………
………………………… 2.Planning (including the
implementation of HIRARC, training,
instructions and auditing) on
Occupational Safety and Health.
3.To take remedial action for any

improvement to be made.
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Policy statement required for safety

Managing OSH at workplace
and health
• The Occupational Safety and Health policy is a • The employer can start by:
written statement briefly stating the following
commitment: • 1st - Identifying the hazards at the
– The employer will provide safety, health and welfare for workplaces/processes.
the employee during the working hours by implementing • 2nd - Evaluate the risks for every activity being
the relevant regulations and work procedures; and
carried out.
– The employee will comply with the regulations and work
procedures so as to ensure their own safety. • 3rd- Action to control the said risks.
– The policy statement will be displayed in strategic places
that will be visible to the employee.
This process is called HIRARC.
25 26
OSH Act?
HIRARC • OSH Act 1994 (Malaysia) Part I - Preliminary
Short title
• Act applies throughout Malaysia to the
industries.
HAZARD RISK
RISK CONTROL
• Nothing in this Act shall apply to work on
IDENTIFICATION ASSESSMENT board ships governed by the Merchant
Shipping Ordinance 1952, the Merchant
Shipping Ordinance 1960 of Sabah or Sarawak
or the armed forces.
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OSH Act Background OSH Act Background

• Gazetted on February 24, 1994. • The two main OSH Acts
• The legislation requires all employers with more
than five employees to formulate a written Safety
and Health Policy of their workplaces. 1. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139)
• The Act sets out the responsibilities of the 3. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
employers and employees in maintaining a safe (Act 514)
and healthy working environment.
29 30
Who involved under Occupational Safety and

Objective Of The OSH Act Health Act 1994 (Act 514).?
• to make further provisions for securing that Everyone who "work" in
safety, health and welfare of persons at work, • Manufacturing Sector: •Wholesale and Retail
for protecting others against risks to safety or • Mining and Quarrying; Trades;
health in connection with the activities of • Construction; •Hotel and Restaurant;
persons at work, to establish the National • Agriculture, •Finance,
Council for Occupational Safety and Health, •Insurance,
• Forestry and Fishing;
and for matters connected with it. •Real Estate and Business
• Utilities;
Service Sector;
• Storage and Comm. •Public Services
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Rationale for the OSHAct

Source: JKKP, 2008
Case Location
Date
Assignment 1 1 17 Dec 2007 Struck by flying rock Quarry, Perak
Safety 2 04 Dec 2007 Struck by wall formwork Construction site, Penang
3 20 Nov 2007 Suffocate in confined space Sewage plant, Johor

(in your profession)
4 13 Nov 2007 Jacket torn during leakage test Factory, Selangor
• What is safety in accordance to your discipline i.e. 5 21 Oct 2007 Caught between roller and conveyor belt Factory, Pahang
QS/Chemical/Civil/Mechanical Engineer etc……….
6 15 Oct 2007 Fall from lorry Plantation, Pahang
…………………………………………………………………………………
7 10 Oct 2007 Crushed to death by excavator Logging site, Sarawak
…………………………………………………………………………………
…… 8 24 Sep 2007 Struck by pile Construction site, Sarawak
9 07 Sep 2007 Struck by log Factory, Sarawak

• (Please write the meaning of safety as a Chemical / Civil Engineer / QS /
Architect and the importance of implementation safety to your profession) 10 01 Sep 2007 Leg severed in infeed screw conveyor Factory, Sarawak
Time: 5-10 minutes 11 20 Aug 2007 Fall from scaffolding Construction site, Negeri Sembilan
12 09 Aug 2007 Fall while installing `Nitrogen Stabilaz Regulator’ Factory, Johor
13 07 Aug 2007 Burns and fall whileb-saidin@utm.my_PSC
putting out fire SHO Factory, Penang 34
33 34
Date
Case Location 31 28 Mar 2007Fall of worker from platform of scaffolding Factory, Melaka
14 30 Jul 2007 Caught between roller and belt conveyor Factory, Perlis 32 26 Mar 2007Pembantu Keselamatan Bank Terjatuh Bank, Penang
15 19 Jul 2007 Transformer room explosion Construction site, Johor 33 23 Mar 2007Pinned down by mini tractor Plantation, Johor
16 08 Jul 2007 Caught in crusher Factory, Negeri Sembilan 34 21 Mar 2007Struck by rocks Quarry, Perak
17 12 Jun 2007 Struck by tree Forest, Pahang 35 16 Mar 2007Plantation accident Plantation, Johor
18 01 Jun 2007 Fall into mixer tank Factory, Perak Caught between cantilever bridge and door of
36 15 Mar 2007 Factory, Johor
steriliser
19 01 Jun 2007 Terjatuh dari tingkat 1 Construction site, Selangor
Construction site, Kuala
37 12 Mar 2007Fall from 7th to 2nd floor
20 03 May 2007 Caught between bulldozer tyres Workshop, Negeri Sembilan Lumpur
21 29 Apr 2007 Burnt to death Factory, Selangor 38 10 Mar 2007Struck by timber Factory, Sabah
22 25 Apr 2007 Worker caught between objects Factory, Sarawak Construction site, Kuala
39 07 Mar 2007Fall from 9th to 4th floor
Lumpur
23 24 Apr 2007 Fall into pit Factory, Penang 40 06 Mar 2007Fall from 16th floor Construction site, Selangor
24 20 Apr 2007 Run over by motorgrader Road, Negeri Sembilan Construction site, Kuala
41 06 Mar 2007Fall from 4th to 1st floor
Lumpur
25 19 Apr 2007 Three killed while carrying out painting work Factory, Sabah
42 27 Feb 2007 Struck by container Factory, Sarawak
26 18 Apr 2007 Overturned skylift Road, Penang Construction site, Negeri
43 27 Feb 2007 Fall from roof
27 14 Apr 2007 Fall from 6th floor Construction site, Selangor Sembilan
28 04 Apr 2007 Overturning of excavator into mine Construction site, Pahang 44 31 Jan 2007 Fall from 23rd floor
Lumpur
29 02 Apr 2007 Fall from height Construction site, Selangor 45 21 Jan 2007 Fall to the first floor Construction site, Penang
30 02 Apr 2007 Pinned down by earth moving machine Plantation, Sarawak
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48 11 Jan 2007 Dihempap oleh 'Excavator' Ladang, Sabah

49 11 Jan 2007 Scaffolding collapse
Lumpur
50 09 Jan 2007 Tersepit pada mesin 'Die Cut' No content
51 08 Jan 2007 Struck by bulldozer Oil palm plantation, Johor
52 02 Jan 2007 Struck by brick wall Construction site, Johor
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Scenario of Occupational Accident
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Occupational Accident Statistics from January to June 2019 (Investigated

Cases) Statistik Kemalangan Pekerjaan Mengikut Sektor dari Januari Sehingga Jun 2019 (Kes Disiasat)
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 41 42 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO
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National Occupational Accident and Death Rate

Kadar Kemalangan dan Kematian Pekerjaan Negara
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Prosecution Case DOSH
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Rationale for the OSHAct

Assignment 2 The most debilitating experience one can have on the job is to be
Accident Prosecution Cases involved in, or exposed to, a work related accident or illness.
Effects:
Please review three (3) accident prosecution cases related to your -Psychologically stressful for the victim’s fellow workers
discipline/profession from the latest sources or as shown below. -Extraordinarily expensive for the victim’s employer
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/prosecution-case
1. …………………………………………… Congress passed the OSH Act with the following stated purpose:
2. …………………………………………..…
3. ……………………………………………
“…to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the
nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human
Time: 5-10 minutes resources”
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHAct), 1970.
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Obligations of the employers towards

Rationale of OSH Act the employees
• The employer is obligated to protect the employees
• Uniform law was needed to help reduce the in relation to safety, health and welfare through the
incidence of work-related injuries, illnesses, following procedures:
and deaths and the OSH Act 1970 addressed 1. To provide and maintain a safe plant and working system;
this need. 2. To put in place procedures so as to ensure safety and
health in the usage, handling, storage and transportation
of the plant and supplies;
3. To provide information, instruction, training and
supervision for new and old employees;
4. To provide and maintain a working environment that is
safe and free from health hazards; and
5. To provide the necessary amenities for the welfare of
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 51 those who are working.
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responsibility of the employees at the

workplace Right of employees!
• Every employee has the responsibility to : The employees can expect to be protected
1. Be reasonably attentive so as to avoid injury onto from discrimination, injury or re-designated by
themselves as well as others while carrying out the employer in cases if :
their work activities; and
1. He/She make a report about the unsafe
2. Co-operate with the employer and others so as to conditions or work practices in the workplace;
fulfill the provision of the law.
2. He/She become a member of the safety and
health committee; and
3. He/She carry out his/her duties as a member of
the safety and health committee.
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Ideal time to form the Safety and Health Functions of the Safety and Health
Committee at the workplace Committee
• The employer should form the Safety and • The functions of the Safety and Health
Health Committee at the workplace when Committee at the workplace are :
there are 40 or more employees in the – To review the safety and health procedures at the
workplace workplace;
or – To investigate any complaints or other related
matters that are raised; and
• when instructed by the Director General of
– To hold regular discussions with the employer on
DOSH. issues relating to safety and health at the
workplace.
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Safety n Health Officer

Employer must notify the nearest DOSH office
• An employer who is classified under the Safety by the quickest means available using
and Health Act 1994 must employ a telephone, fax, JKKP 6 or JKKP 7 in the
competent person to act as a Safety and unfortunate event of any accident, hazardous
Health Officer. incident, industrial poisoning or illness that
has happened or may happen at the
• The Safety and Health Officer is to ensure that
workplace.
the Safety and Health Act 1994 is complied
with and also instrumental in promoting a safe
and healthy working environment.
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Career in
2 Occupational
SHO: Route to OSH Career
Safety and
Health
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W h y b e c o m e OSH
What is OSH
Officer
Occupational safety and health is an area Widely

concerned with protecting the safety, accepted by
industries
health and welfare of people engaged in
work or employment.
Dynamic and SAFETY AND Supported
Inclusive of other people than the challenging HEALTH by
workers, properties and nature career OFFICER Legislation
(environment)
Career
advancement
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R e g i s t e r e d OSH
W h o i s OSH O f f i c e r ?
Officer
Description of SHO stipulated under Sect. 29 Description of SHO stipulated under Sect. 29
OSHA 1994, SHO Reg. 1997 & SHO Order OSHA 1994, SHO Reg. 1997 & SHO Order
1997 which explains that a SHO are: 1997 which explains that a SHO are:
•Registered with DOSH •Registered with DOSH
•Competent person in managing OSH at work •Competent person in managing OSH at work
place place
•Exclusively appointed to ensure compliance with •Exclusively appointed to ensure compliance
the relevant laws with the relevant laws
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Where to w orks? Which company mus t have

SHO?
10 categories except army and shipping Under SHO Order 1997;
• Manufacturing • Hotels and •Contract of BO or WEC more than RM20 mil
Restaurants
• Mining & Quarry •Any ship building, gas processing or petrochemical
• Finance, Insurance, industries, chemical and allied industry employing >100
• Construction
Real Estate & workers
• Agriculture, forestry & Business Services
fishing •Any boiler/pressure vessel manufacturing industries, wood
• Public Services & working industries, and cement manufacturing industries
• Utilities Statutory Authorities employing >100 workers
• Transport, storage & •Any other manufacturing industries employing
communication >500 workers
• Wholesales & retails
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Career advancement Flow chart of SHO
DOSH
Trainers/ Apply SHO
Auditors s/ Qualified?
Consultant
Assesso rs
APPROVED
renew every 3y
Certified
SHO
Occupational
Safety & APPOINT
INFORM
(1m after
Health Office
r I nspectors/ FUNCTION
BOSS
appointment
/ resign
Registere d Competent
REPORT RENEWAL
SHO person
CONTINOUS EDUCATION
PROGRAM
Once a year
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Functions of SHO
Under SHO Reg. 1997, briefly SHO
responsibilities:
• Advisor • Secretary
• Inspector or • Reporter
auditor
• Magistrate
• Coordinator
• Quality checker
• Investigator
• Organizer
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Assignment 3
Safety and Health Officer (SHO)
There are 9 duties of SHO listed in the regulation.
1. …………………………………………..…
2. ……………………………………………
3. ...............................................
4. ……………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………
6. ……………………………………………
7. ………………………………………………
8. ……………………………………………….
9. ………………………………………………..
Time: 5-10 minutes
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OSH Legislations
Two (2) main acts:
3 • AKJ/FMA 1967 (Act 139)
• AKKP/OSHA 1994 (Act 514)
OSH Legislations and Relevant acts to be considered:
regulations •
•
Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127)
Employment Act 1955 (Act 265)
• Electricity Supply Act 1990 (Act 447)
• Fire Services Act 1988 (Act 341)
• Petroleum Act 1984 (Act 302)
• Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304)
• Etc..
81 82
Some Important Extracts Of OSH

Regulations
Employer should give attention regarding :
• OSH Policy
– if > 5 employees
• Competent First Aider
FMA 1967
– If > 20 employees
• Safety & Health Committee (SHC) Factory and Machinery Act 1967
– if >= 40 employees
(Act 139)
• Competent Safety & Health Officer (SHO)
– if >= 100 employees **
• Competent Boiler Man
– if involve boiler in operation
• etc
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FMA 1967 Regulations (Safety) Under FMA 1967
• An Act to provide for the control of factories

1. Factories And Machinery (Steam Boiler And
with respect to matters relating to the safety, Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulations, 1970
health and welfare of person therein, the 2. Factories And Machinery (Person-in-charge)
registration and inspection of machinery and Regulations, 1970
for matters connected therewith. 3. Factories And Machinery (Electric Passenger
• Scope : And Goods Lift) Regulations, 1970
– Limited to only 4 industries; Manufacturing, 4. Factories And Machinery (Fencing Of
Construction, Quarry and Mining
Machinery And Safety) Regulations, 1970
85 86
Regulations (Safety) Under FMA 1967
5. Factories And Machinery (Safety, Health And

Welfare) Regulations, 1970
Summaries Of Regulations
6. Factories And Machinery (Notification of (Safety) Under FMA 1967
Fitness and Inspection) Regulations, 1970
7. Factories And Machinery (Building
Operations and Works Of Engineering
Construction) (Safety) Regulations, 1986
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Factories And Machinery (Safety, Health Factories And Machinery (Notification of

And Welfare) Regs, 1970 Fitness and Inspection) Regs, 1970
These regulations prescribed detail specifications and • These regulations prescribed detail
safety & health measures from the of aspects man, situations / conditions where
machine, material, method and environment in Notification, Inspection and
ensuring safety, health and welfare such as: Certificate of Fitness are required
• Machine • Cleanliness such as for:
• Floors • Ventilation – Steam boiler;
• Access to place of work • Lighting
– Unfired pressure vessel;
• Openings • Seating facilities
• Stairway • Cleaned drinking water – Lifting machine;
• Fixed ladder • Washing facilities – Machine/Factory
• Catwalk, runway & gangway • Sanitary convenience – Occupational accidents / diseases
• Working at height • First Aid
• Confined space • PMA and PMT are valid for 15
• etc
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 89 months b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 90
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Factories And Machinery (Building Factories And Machinery (Building

Operations and Works Of Engineering Operations and Works Of Engineering
Construction) (Safety) Regs, 1986 Construction) (Safety) Regs, 1986 – (cont)
• These regulations (famously known as BOWEC) • These regulations also cover:
prescribed detail considerations and safety measures – Ladders and step-ladders
for building operations and works of engineering – Scaffolds
construction. These regulations cover: – Demolition
– General provisions – Excavation work
– Concrete work – Material handling and storage,
– Structural steel and precast concrete assembly cleaning, use and disposal
repairing and maintenance of roof, gutters, windows, – Piling
louvres and ventilators – Blasting and use of explosives
– Chutes, safety belts and nets – Hand and power tools
– Runways and ramps – Miscellaneous
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Other Regulations :
Regulations (Health) Under FMA 1967 • Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler And Unfired Pressure Vessel) Regulations,
1970
• Factories and Machinery (Electric Passenger And Goods Lift) Regulations, 1970
1. Factories And Machinery (Lead) Regulations, •
•
Factories and Machinery (Fencing Of Machinery And Safety) Regulations, 1970
Factories and Machinery (Person-In-Charge) Regulations, 1970
1984 • Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health And Welfare) Regulations, 1970
• Factories and Machinery (Administration) Regulations, 1970
2. Factories And Machinery (Asbestos Process) • Factories and Machinery (Certificates Of Competency-Examinations) Regulations,
1970
Regulations, 1986 • Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness And Inspections)
Regulations, 1970
• Factories and Machinery (Compounding Of Offences) Rules, 1978
3. Factories And Machinery (Mineral Dust) • Factories and Machinery (Compoundable Offences) Regulations, 1978
Regulations, 1989 •
•
Factories and Machinery (Lead) Regulations, 1984
Factories and Machinery (Asbestos Process) Regulations, 1986
Factories and Machinery (Building Operations And Works Of Engineering
4. Factories And Machinery (Noise Exposure) •
Construction) (Safety) Regulations, 1986
Regulations, 1989 •
•
Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations, 1989
Factories and Machinery (Mineral Dust) Regulations, 1989
• Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection)
(Amendment) Regulations, 2004 Factories and Machinery (Steam Boiler and Unfired
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 93 Pressure Vessel ) (Amendment)b-saidin@utm.my_PSC
Regulations, 2005SHO 94
93 94
Factories And Machinery (Lead) Regs,

1984
• These regulations prescribed detail health
measures to all factories (except building
Summaries Of Regulations maintenance or engineering construction works)
involve in handling lead. These regulations cover:
(Health) Under FMA 1967 – Permissible exposure limit
– Exposure monitoring
– Methods of compliance
– Respiratory protection
– Protective work clothing
and equipment
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Factories And Machinery (Lead) Regs, Factories And Machinery (Asbestos

1984 – (cont) Process) Regs, 1986
• These regulations also cover: • These regulations prescribed detail health
– Housekeeping measures to all factories (except building
– Hygiene facilities and practices maintenance or engineering construction
works) involve in asbestos process. These
– Medical surveillance
regulations cover:
– Medical removal protection – Permissible exposure limit
– Employee information and – Exhaust equipment and
training employee protection
– Signs – Housekeeping
– Record keeping – Handling and disposal
– Miscellaneous b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 97 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 98
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Factories And Machinery (Asbestos Factories And Machinery (Mineral Dust)

Process) Regs, 1986 – (cont) Regs, 1989
– Medical examinations measures to all factories in which any mineral
– Monitoring for asbestos dust process is carried on. These regulations cover:
exposure
– Permissible exposure limit
– Change rooms, lockers and
shower facilities – Exposure monitoring
– Employee information and – Methods of compliance
training – Personal protective
– Record keeping. equipment
– Miscellaneous
– Housekeeping
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Factories And Machinery (Mineral Dust) Factories And Machinery (Noise Exposure)
Regs, 1989 – (cont) Regs, 1989
– Medical examinations measures to all factories in which persons are
employed in any occupation involving
– Changing rooms and lockers
exposure to excessive noise level in the
– Employee information and training workplace. These regulations cover:
– Record keeping – Permissible exposure limit
– Warning signs – Exposure monitoring
– Miscellaneous – Methods of compliance
– Hearing protection devices
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Factories And Machinery (Noise Exposure)

Regs, 1989 – (cont)
• These regulations also
cover:
– Audiometric testing
OSHA 1994
programme
– Employee information and Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994
training (Act 514)
– Warning signs
– Record keeping
– Miscellaneous
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OSHA 1994
• The Philosophy of OSHA 1994
“Responsibilities to ensure safety and health
at the workplace lies on those who create the
risk and those who work with the risk”
• Scope
– All economic activities except Army and people
who are working on the ship
• Over-rule other written legislations pertaining
OSH matters for any contradictions
• Self-regulatory
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Who involved under Occupational Safety and

Health Act 1994 (Act 514).?
Everyone who "work" in
• Manufacturing Sector: •Wholesale and Retail
• Mining and Quarrying; Trades;
• Construction; •Hotel and Restaurant;
• Agriculture, •Finance,
•Insurance,
• Forestry and Fishing;
•Real Estate and Business
• Utilities; Service Sector;
• Storage and Comm. •Public Services
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General Duties Of Employers “PRACTICABLE”
Four Criteria:
• The severity of hazard or risk in question
• The state of knowledge of hazard or risk &
way of removing or mitigating hazard/ risk
• The availability & suitability of ways to remove
“It shall be the duty of every employer and every self- or mitigate the hazard or risk
employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the
safety, health and welfare at work of his employees” • Cost of removing or mitigating hazard/risk
[Section 15(1): OSHA 1994]
109 110
Penalties
“NEGLIGENCE”
Notice of improvement / prohibition - RM50,000 /+ 5 yrs
+ RM500 per day
General duties of employer and self employed - RM50,000 /+ 2 yrs
Safety and Health Policy - RM50,000 /+ 2 yrs “ Failure To Take Reasonable Care ”
General duties of manufacturer, supplier, importer - RM20,000 /+ 2 yrs • Duty of care owed
Safety and health organisation - RM5,000 /+ 6 months
• Breach of duty of care owed
Interfere or misuse things provided for safety and health - RM20,000 /+ 2 yrs
• Loss as a result of breach of that duty
Discrimination against employee - RM10,000 /+ 1 yr
Offences in relation to inspection - RM10,000 /+ 1 yr
Duties of employee - RM1,000 /+ 3 months
General Penalty Clause - RM10,000 /+ 1 yr
111 112
16-Apr-21
Assignment 4
OSHA 1994 and FMA
Please list the duty of employer based on OSHA1994
and FMA 1967 :
1. …………………………….…………………
2. …………………………….…………………
3. …………………………….…………………
4. …………………………….…………………
5. …………………………….…………………
Time: 5-10 minutes
113 114
So Far As Is Practicable
- Employers Should
1. Provide and maintain plant and system of work
2. Arrangements – Safe use, operation, handling,
storage and transportation of substance & plant
3. Provide information, instruction, training &
supervision
4. Provide & maintain place of work and means of
access to & egress from any place of work
5. Provide & maintain working environment that is
safe, without health risk & adequate welfare facilities
115 116
16-Apr-21
General Duties Of Designers,

General Duties Of Employees
Manufacturers And Suppliers
• Section 20. • Section 21.
– General duties of – General duties of
manufacturers, etc., as manufacturers, etc., as
regards plant for use at regards substances for
work. use at work.
“It shall be the duty of every employee

while at work…”
[Section 24 (1): OSHA 1994]
117 118
Employees’ Responsibilities
1. To take reasonable care for the safety and health of himself
and of other persons who may be affected by his acts or
omissions at work;
2. To co-operate with his employer or any other person in the
discharge of any duty or requirement imposed on the
employer or that other person by this Act or any regulation
made thereunder;
3. To wear or use at all times any protective equipment or
clothing provided by the employer for the purpose of
preventing risks to his safety and health; and
4. To comply with any instruction or measure on occupational
safety and health instituted by his employer or any other
person by or under this Act or any regulation made
thereunder.
119 120
16-Apr-21
Assignment 5
OSHA 1994 and FMA
Please list the duty of employee based on OSHA1994
and FMA1967:
1. …………………………….…………………
2. …………………………….…………………
3. …………………………….…………………
4. …………………………….…………………
5. …………………………….…………………
Time: 5-10 minutes
121 122
Regulations Under OSHA 1994 Regulations Under OSHA 1994 (cont)

1. Occupational Safety and Health (Employer’s Safety and Health
General Policy Statements)(Exception) Regulations 1995;
2. Occupational Safety and Health (Control of Industrial Major
6. Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order
Accident Hazard) Regulations 1996; 1997;
3. Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) 7. Occupational Safety and Health (Prohibition of Use of Substance)
Regulations 1996; Order 1999;
4. Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and 8. Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure
Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 1997; of Chemicals Hazardous To Health) Regulations 2000;
5. Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) 9. Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident,
Regulations 1997; Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and
Occupational Disease) Regulations 2004
123 124
16-Apr-21
Occupational Safety and Health (Employer’s

Safety and Health General Policy
Statements)(Exception) Regs 1995
Summary of Regulations • Exception for those who carry on an

undertaking with not more than five (5)
Under OSHA 1994 employees
• Refer Section16 OSHA 1994
• Need to review from time to time if necessary
125 126
Occupational Safety and Health (Control Occupational Safety and Health (Control
of Industrial Major Accident Hazard) of Industrial Major Accident Hazard)
Regs 1996 Regs 1996 - (cont)
• Famously known as CIMAH – A storage of hazardous substances or

preparations at any place, installation, premises,
• Shall apply to all industrial activities: building or area of land, whether isolated or
– An operation carried out in an industrial within an establishment; being a site used for the
installation referred to in Schedule 4 involving or purpose of storage
likely to involve one or more hazardous
• Hazardous substances
substances, an includes on-site storage an on-site
transport which are associated with the – Refer Schedule 1 and Schedule 2
operation; or
127 128
16-Apr-21
Occupational Safety and Health (Safety Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and
and Health Committee) Regs 1996 Health Committee) Regs 1996 – (cont)
• Famously known as SHC • An employer or his authorised manager shall
• Also refer Section 30 OSHA 1994 be the chairperson
– Shall established SHC if
• SHO or any suitable person appointed by the
• No. of employees >= 40 persons
• Directed by the Director General of DOSH chairperson shall be the secretary
• SHC structure • Meeting shall be conducted not less than once
– 1 x Chairperson in three month
– 1 x Secretary
• An inaugural meeting shall be convened by
– Representatives of employer (min 2/4)
the employer
– Representatives of employees (min 2/4)
129 130
Occupational Safety and Health

(Classification, Packaging and Labeling of
Hazardous Chemicals) Regs 1997
Assignment 6
• Famously known as CPL OSHA 1994
Please list FIVE regulations under OSHA 1994 :
• Shall apply to a supplier of hazardous https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/legislation/eregulations
chemicals for use at work except
1. …………………………….…………………
(refer Section 3) 2. …………………………….…………………
• Refer Schedule I to V 3. …………………………….…………………
4. …………………………….…………………
5. …………………………….…………………
Time: 5-10 minutes
131 132
16-Apr-21
Occupational Safety and Health (Safety Occupational Safety and Health (Safety
and Health Officer) Regs 1997 and Health Officer) Order 1997
• These regulations cover: • Class or description of industries required to

employ SHO:
– Registration Of A Safety And Health Officer
– Any building operation; contract price of the
– Notification Of A Safety And Health Officer project > RM20 million
– Duties Of An Employer – Any work of engineering construction; contract
– Duties Of Safety And Health Officers price of the project > RM20 million
– Miscellaneous – Any ship building; > 100 employees
– Any gas processing activity / petrochemical
industries; > 100 employees
– Any chemical and allied industries; > 100
employees
133 134
Occupational Safety and Health (Safety

and Health Officer) Order 1997 - (cont)
• Shall employ SHO:
– Any boiler and pressure vessel mfg activity; > 100
employees
– Any metal industry; > 100 employees
– Any wood working industry; > 100 employees
– Any cement mfg activity; > 100 employees
– Mfg activity & service other than the above; > 500
employees
135 136
16-Apr-21
Occupational Safety and Health (Use and

Standards of Exposure of Chemicals
Hazardous To Health) Regs 2000
• Famously known as USECHH 2000

• These regulations shall apply to all places of
work where chemicals hazardous to health:
– Refer Regulation 3 (exception)
– Refer Schedule I or II (relevant chemicals)
– Refer Regulation 2; additional chemical list to
Schedule I and II
137 138

Hazardous To Health) Regs 2000 - (cont)
• Each chemical shall have CSDS

• Shall conduct assessment of risk to health;
carried out by a competent assessor (CHRA)
• CHRA will suggest control measures to be
taken
• If local exhaust ventilation (LEV) needed; shall
be designed by registered professional
engineer
139 140
16-Apr-21

Hazardous To Health) Regs 2000 - (cont)
• The monitoring of exposure shall be

conducted by a hygiene technician
• The medical surveillance shall be carried out
by an occupational health doctor (OHD)
141 142
Occupational Safety and Health (Notification

of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence,
Occupational Poisoning and Occupational
Disease) Regs 2004
• Famously known as NADOPOD
• Elaboration for the Section 32 OSHA 1994
• To notify the nearest DOSH office by the quickest
means available and to report about the accident or
dangerous occurrence within 7 days if involved:
– death
– Serious bodily injury which prevents the person from
following his normal occupation for more than 4 calendar
days
– Refer Schedule First,b-saidin@utm.my_PSC
Second and SHO
Third 143 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 144
143 144
16-Apr-21
Complete PPE
Assignment 7
OSH related Guidelines
Please list FIVE OSH related guidelines related to your study
discipline/profession
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/legislation/guidelines
1. …………………………….…………………
2. …………………………….…………………
3. …………………………….…………………
4. …………………………….…………………
5. …………………………….…………………
Time: 5-10 minutes
145 146
4 “An unexpected, unplanned event in sequence

Incident Prevention and Accidents
of events, that occurs through a combination of
causations in work place causes. It results in injury or disease
to an individual, damage
to property or equipment,
a near-miss, a loss or any
combination of these effects”.
147 148
16-Apr-21
ACCIDENT RATIO STUDIES

THE HEINRICH THEORY
(USA-1931)
1 SERIOUS / FATAL
29 MINOR INJURIES
300 NON-INJURY THE TYE/PEARSON THEORY
(UK-1974/75)
THE BIRD THEORY (USA-
1969) 1 SERIOUS / FATAL
MINOR INJURIES
3
1 SERIOUS / FATAL (1 TO 3 DAYS MC)
50 FIRST-AID INJURIES
10 MINOR INJURIES
30 PROPERTY DAMAGE 80 PROPERTY DAMAGE
600 NON-INJURY 400 NON-INJURY / DAMAGE

149 150
The Salient Relationship Between Hazard – Risk –

Some accidents may be due to human errors. Accidents
But the work environment must recognise that the workers
are human and sometimes make mistakes – this must be
acknowledged during workplace design.
Employers can improve the workplace so that stress,
fatigue and poor working conditions do not
cause mistakes.
HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVED THE

PROBLEM ?
NO, AS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENT
FIGURES. b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 151 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 152
151 152
16-Apr-21
Risk assessment and accident prevention
153 154
THE HUMAN FACTOR UNSAFE ACTS OF PERSON

DIRECTLY INDIRECTLY  Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn.
INVOLVED INVOLVED  Operating or working at unsafe speed.
 Making safety devices inoperative.
 Fatigue  Fault with the  Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely.
 Stress original design of a
 Taking shorts cut piece of equipment.  Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc.
 Lack of experience  Inappropriate  Taking unsafe position of posture.
 Lack of training purchasing decisions.
 Lack of concentration  Behavior of fellow  Working on moving of dangerous equipment.
 Not wearing individuals in the  Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling,
appropriate PPE workplace. etc.
 Using incorrect tool
 Not following work  Failure to use safe attire or personal
practices b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 155
protective devices.
155 156
16-Apr-21
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES

UNSAFE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS HEINRICH (1930’s)
 Inadequately guarded, guards of improper height, strength, mesh, etc.
 Unguarded absence of required guards. Emphasis for prevention on unsafe acts/condition.
 Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked, etc. Approach can lead to blaming the worker when management
 Unsafely designed machines, tools, etc. system is at faults (prone worker approach).
 Unsafely arranged, poor housekeeping, congestion, blocked exits, etc.
Five Factors/Stages in the Sequence of Events;
 Inadequately lighted, sources of glare, etc.
1. Ancestry / Social Environment.
 Inadequately ventilated impure air sources, etc. 2. Fault Of A Person
 Unsafely clothed, no goggles, gloves, masks, 3. Unsafe Acts / Condition
wearing high heels, etc. 4. Accident
 Unsafe processes, mechanical, chemical, 5. Injury
electrical, nuclear, etc.
157 158
ACCIDENT CAUSATION THEORIES

Assignment 8
MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY Accident Causation
Please review three (3) Fatal Accident cases related to your
More that one cause to any accident. discipline/profession from the latest sources or as shown below.
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/fatal-accident-case-1
The multicauses is equivalent to the
third stage in the Heinrich theory. 1. ……………………………………………
2. …………………………………………..…
Heinrich made reference to 3. ……………………………………………
“Underlying causes”. What were these

cause. Time: 5-10 minutes
Using 5W, 1H.

159 160
16-Apr-21
161 162
THE ACCIDENT HIERARCHY THE ACCIDENT STUDIES

MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT Through Supervision
ROOT CAUSE
SYSTEMS Controls
MAN FAILURE
WORK Knowledge, Attitude, Fitness, Ability
ACTIVITIES Which Causes or Permits
OPERATING UNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE MECHANICAL OR INEXPLICABLE

RULES OF PERSONS PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
88% 10% 2%
VIOLATIONS MISTAKES DIRECT CAUSE Which Cause
ACCIDENTS
2% are unpreventable
50% are practically preventable
ACCIDENTS 98% are of a preventable type
163 164
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Unsafe acts Unsafe acts
165 166
Unsafe acts Unsafe acts/conditions
167 168
16-Apr-21
169 170
POPULAR OCCUPATIONAL INCIDENT

THEORIES Assignment 9
1. Domino Theory Accident Theory
(workplace)
2. Loss Control Theory
3. Multiple Causation Theory Please review some of the accident theories from the
latest sources (internet etc)
4. Reason’s Swiss Cheese Theory
1. ……………………………………………
2. …………………………………………..…
3. ……………………………………………
:: all these theories will affect the approach in
preventing and investigating incident
Time: 5-10 minutes
171 172
16-Apr-21
T1: DOMINO THEORY

(Heinrich - 1930's)
173 174
UNSAFE ACTS - Examples UNSAFE ACTS - Issues

• Not following the proper instructions • The most difficult to handle
• Taking short-cut
– To change attitude is not that easy
• Horse-play
• Not using the given/provided PPE • The best is to create Safe & Healthy Work
• Doing tasks out of capabilities Culture
• Take-for-granted attitude
175 176
16-Apr-21
T2: LOSS CONTROL THEORY

(Frank Bird - 1974)
Threshold Limit
177 178
LACK OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL ACCEPTED ACCIDENT THEORIES

• Multiple Causation Theory
– A single unsafe act or condition may or may not cause an
Management responsible for: accident but both are caused by lack of management
control
– Selection of workers • Bird’s Loss Control Theory
– Machinery and equipment – In line with Shewhart (1930’s) theory of quality control.
– System of work • Heinrich’s theory is weak and negative
– Blaming victim and lack system thinking, continual
– Information and training improvements, upstream control and worker participation.
– Supervision, etc Swiss Cheese.
– Swiss Cheese
:: lack of management usually is the basic causes
• An organization should always improve and strengthen its
for occupational incident barriers of defense to avoid a hazard passes through all of the
holes which leads to accident.
179 180
16-Apr-21
b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 181 b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 182
181 182
the causes of the fatal construction accidents.

The Swiss cheese model of how defenses,
barriers, and safeguards may be penetrated by
an accident trajectory
Slices of Swiss cheese
As defensive layers
Holes as weaknesses
In defensive layers
Rahim's 184
Figure 8
183 184
16-Apr-21
The Swiss cheese model of system accident
• The holes in
the defenses
arise for 2
reasons:
1. Active failures
2. Latent
conditions
Rahim's 185 Rahim's 186
185 186
187 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 188
187 188
16-Apr-21
Health Effects of Selected Materials WHAT IS INCIDENT?

Chemicals Acute Effect Chronic Effect
Mercury Respiratory tract irritation, Mutagenic, CNV, renal &
gastrointestinal tract
irritation
reproductive system problem
• An unexpected / unplanned event resulting
Ammonia Upper & lower respiratory
tract irritation, skin & eye
Chronic bronchitis (breathing
difficulty & cough)
from several sequence of events.
irritation
Lead Mild fatigue Peripheral neuropathy,

encephalopathy (brain
• It happens through a combination of causes.
damage)
Chlorine (gas) Tracheobronchitis, cough, Lung cancer

ulceration
Benzene CNS depression, Leukemia, bone marrow

unconsciousness & death
Toluene CNS depression (narcosis) Deafness ?? (with present of

noise)
Xylene CNS depression insignificant
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHOCNS: Central Nervous System 189189 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 190
189 190
Unsafe act
191 192
16-Apr-21
Unsafe condition
193 194
OCCUPATIONAL INCIDENT
Incident
•An unexpected/unplanned event
Accident/ Near-miss
Diseases/
Poisoning
- Physical injuries
- Poperties damage
- Combination
195 196
16-Apr-21
197 198
BRIGHT SPARKLER – SG. BULOH (MAY, 1991) OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Fatality:
26
Injury:
83
199 200
16-Apr-21
NEAR-MISSES ACCIDENT
201 202
203 204
16-Apr-21
205 206
207 208
16-Apr-21
•Falling from height
•Falling at same level
•Hit by falling object
•Buried under falling earth or structure
•Electric shock
•Drowning
•Hit by vehicle
•Contact with moving machinery
209 210
Assignment 10
Unsafe Act vs Unsafe Condition
(workplace)
Please review some unsafe act vs unsafe condition at

workplace (internet etc)
1. …………………………..………………… (Unsafe ………….)
2. ……………………………………………..… (Unsafe ………….)
3. …………………………….………………… (Unsafe ………….)
4. …………………………….………………… (Unsafe ………….)
5. …………………………….………………… (Unsafe ………….)
Time: 5-10 minutes
211 212
16-Apr-21
Incident – Personal Concern

Parents
Spouse Children
You
Colleagues
213 214
Incident – Other Concerns

Company/Employer
5
Government Society Hazard at Work Place
You
Environment
215 216
16-Apr-21
DOSH DEFINITIONS
16-Apr-21 © Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 217 16-Apr-21 © Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 218
217 218
HSE DEFINITION
16-Apr-21 © Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 219 16-Apr-21 © Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 220
219 220
16-Apr-21
Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 221 Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 222
221 222
copyright@Rahim Hamid 223 Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 224
223 224
16-Apr-21
copyright@Rahim Hamid 225 Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 226
225 226
227 228
16-Apr-21
229 230
Key Principles of Health and Safety Overview of Hazards

• Employer is responsible for maintaining a safe and healthy What’s going on in your workplace?
workplace
• Employees should be involved in developing policies and

programs
• There should be no sanctions for H&S related activities
• Employer should implement best and most effective

practices/policies to protect workers from hazards
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 231 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC

232 SHO
Images by: Diamond Rubber Products' photostream
231 232
16-Apr-21
Recognised your hazards CHEMICAL

HAZARDS
(cleaning products,
• There are 6: BIOLOGICAL pesticides, asbestos, etc.)
HAZARDS ERGONOMIC
1. Physical hazards HAZARDS
(mold, insects/pests,
2. Biological hazards communicable diseases,
etc.)
(repetition, lifting,
awkward postures, etc.)
3. Chemical hazards HAZARDS
4. Psychososial hazards
5. Ergonomic hazards PHYSICAL HAZARDS PSYCHOSOCIAL
(slips, trips and falls, faulty
HAZARDS
equipment, etc.) (wire, cable, (tired, fatique, things that
extension wire, overload, cause STRESS. etc.)
etc.) (noise, temperature
extremes, radiation, etc.)
233 234
Classification of Work Hazards Broad Categories of Hazards
• Physical (+Mechanical+ Electrical) • To facilitate hazards identification, useful to

categorizes hazards in different ways, e.g. by topic;
• Biological
• Chemical  Physical + Mechanical
 Chemical
• Psychosocial  Biological
• Ergonomics  Ergonomics
 Psychosocial
235 236
16-Apr-21
Physical Hazards
PHYSICAL
 Noise/Vibration  Electrical
 Extreme Temperature  Fire/Explosion
(Heat/Cold)
 Confined Space
 Radiation
 Slip/Trip/Fall
 Machinery/Equipment
 Vehicles
 Height/Gravitational
 Water
237 238
Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards
CHEMICAL  Animals – Wild Dogs , Snakes, Scorpions

 Plants - Poisons, irritants, Rashes
 Very Toxic  Explosive  Bacteria – Legionella
 Toxic  Oxidizing  Viruses – Influenza, HIV, Hepatitis
 Corrosive  Extremely Flammable
 Yeast – Cryptococcus
 Harmful  Highly Flammable
 Fungi – Tineas
 Irritant  Flammable
 Parasites – Ticks, Gardia,
 Human - Blood or other body fluids
239 240
16-Apr-21
241 242
243 244
16-Apr-21
Ergonomics Hazards Psychosocial Hazards
ERGONOMIC
PSYCHOSOCIAL
 Repetitive Work - Prolonged Similar Task
 Manual Handling - Lifting, Pulling, Pushing, Twisting  Shift work - Prolonged night duty
 Computer Works - Sitting Posture, Eyes Strain  Stress - Multifactor
 Lighting - Adequacy of Light  Violence - Individual, Group
 Ventilation - Indoor Air Quality  Harassment - Sexual, Bullying
245 246
Common misconceptions about

mental illness
•"Young people and children don't suffer from mental
health problems.“
•"People who need psychiatric care should be locked
away in institutions.“
•"A person who has had a mental illness can never be
normal.“
•"Mentally ill persons are dangerous.“
•"People with mental illnesses can work low-level jobs
but aren't suited for really important or responsible
positions.“
• The World Health Organisation estimates that 1 in 5
people will have a mental health disorder in their
lifetime.
• In 2020, depression is expected to be no 2 illness after
heart disease
247 248
16-Apr-21
b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 250
249 250
Mid Workshop
2
• Please identify:
– types of activity/situation
– Types of hazard
– cause of accident/incident /
– Effect (may cause……)
– based on safety theory
– Method of control
b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 251 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 252
251 252
16-Apr-21
Recognised your hazards

• There are 6:
1. Physical hazards
2. Biological hazards
3. Chemical hazards
4. Psychososial hazards
5. Ergonomic hazards
262 263
264 265
16-Apr-21
266 267
268 269
16-Apr-21
Borang HIRARC
• Screen Shot 2020-02-25 at 11.23.20 AM
270
270 271
HIRARC
272 273
16-Apr-21
Topic: …………………….
274 290
Borang HIRARC
WORKING AT HEIGHT
Types of job working at height:
1. ……………
2. ………………….
3. ………………
292
291 292
16-Apr-21
Terms in OSHE
 OSH  DOSH  JSA

 OSHA  NIOSH  HIRARC
 OSHMS  SHO  JTK
 OHSAS  SHC  AELB
 OHD  EQA  PPE
 CHRA  JKKP  JAS
 EC  DOE
 COSH
 ST  AKJ
 FMA
293 294
Terms in OSHE Terms in OSHE

• DOSH – DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH
• OSH - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH • JKKP – JABATAN KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN
• OSHE - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT • NIOSH – NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
• OSHA (AKKP) - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH ACT AND HEALTH
• OHD – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DOCTOR • CIDB - CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT BOARD
• OHSAS 18001 - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY ASSESSMENT • JTK - JABATAN TENAGA KERJA
SERIES • SHO – SAFETY HEALTH OFFICER
• OSHA - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH ACT • CSHO – CONSTRUCTION SAFETY & HEALTH OFFICER
• OSHMS - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY HEALTH MANAGEMENT • SHC – SAFETY & HEALTH COMMITTEE
SYSTEM
• EQA - ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
• CHRA - CHEMICAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT • FMA - FACTORY MACHINERY ACT
• EC (ST) – ENERGY COMMISSION • HIRARC - HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK
• MS 1722 – MALAYSIAN STANDARD , CONTROL
• CERTIFICATION BY SIRIM
295 296
16-Apr-21
Terms in OSHE
• JSA - JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
• SOP – SAFETY OPERATING PROCEDURE
• PPE - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• PPD – PERANTI PERLINDUNGAN DIRI
• AELB - ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING BOARD End of this Session
• JAS – JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR
• DOE – DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
• PERKESO – PERTUBUHAN KESELAMATAN SOSIAL
• SOCSO - SOCIAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION
297 298
Mid Workshop
1
• Screen Shot 2020-02-25 at 11.23.20 AM
– types of activity/situation
– Types of hazard
– cause of accident/incident /
– Effect (may cause……)
– based on safety theory
– Method of control
299 300
16-Apr-21
301 302
303 304
16-Apr-21
Size  125 mL
322 323
324 325
16-Apr-21
326 327
328 329
16-Apr-21
End of this Session
330 331
Health, Safety & Environment

6 Management
OSH Management Systems • Systematic use of techniques to identify and

remove hazards, the control of risks which
and Arrangements remain, and the use of techniques to influence
the behaviour and encourage safe attitudes.
This is the primary responsibility of
management.
332 333
16-Apr-21
How to manage Requires the commitment of the

Occupational Safety manager to complete 3 steps: What is S,H & E Management?
and Health at the
work place?
1.The workplace must have a Policy
Statement on Occupational Safety • It’s Doing the Right Thing
and Health; – Keeping People Healthy & Safe
– Protecting the Environment in which we Live
2.Planning (including the • It’s Doing the Right Thing
implementation of HIRARC, training,
instructions and auditing) on – Identifying, understanding & controlling SH&E
Occupational Safety and Health. Risks (Hazards)
– Understanding that business changes can degrade
3.To take remedial action for any controls and safeguards
improvement to be made.
R.W. Campbell: “We aim at the preservation of the individual..”
334 335
Practical Objectives of Safety

What is S,H & E Management?
Management
• It’s Doing the Right Thing • Gain support from all concerned for the health
– Leadership and safety effort
• Actions focused on protecting People • Motivate, educate and train – to enable
– SH&E as a Core corporate value recognition of hazards
– An integrated SH&E Management System • Achieve hazard control by design and purchasing
• Aligned with corporate objectives & strategies • Support inspection system to provide feedback
• Risk/Hazard identification, assessment & control • Ensure hazard control principles form part of
– SH&E Performance Measurement supervisory training
– Achievement of Continuous Improvement • Devise and introduce controls based on risk
• Virtual elimination of injury, illness & environmental assess.
damage • Comply with regulations and standards.
336 337
16-Apr-21
5 main elements of OSH MS
Continual
Improvement
Assignment 11
Policy Safety Policy
Please identify UTM safety policy (from establish
Organizing sources)
Action
For 1. …………………………….…………………
Improvement 2. …………………………….…………………
Planning &
Implementation 3. …………………………….…………………
4. …………………………….…………………
Evaluation
Time: 5-10 minutes
338 339
ELEMENTS OF A OSH SYSTEM Tools used in an effective H&S

External Factors Internal Factors
Management System
• JHA/FMEA
Initial
Initial &
& Periodic
Periodic
Status
Status Review
Review
• Risk Assessments
OSH
OSH Policy
Policy
• Hazard Monitoring – Occupational Hygiene
• Medical/ Health Surveillance
Audit
Audit Organization
Organization • Fault Tree Analysis
• Inspection Checklists
Plan
Plan &
& Implement
Implement
• Effective and Appropriate Training
Measure
Measure OSH
OSH
• Provision of Information
Performance
Performance
Information Link Control Link
340 341
16-Apr-21

Updated: 30/4/2018 (bil 2/2018)
342 343
General Requirements OHSMS

What is S, H & E Management?
Treat, Monitor and Review Risks & Controls?
PLAN
ACT
HOW?
CHECK
DO
Establish a SH&E Management System!
344 345
16-Apr-21
Safe Work Procedure

Assignment 12
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
Safety Management Plan
Hazards and Operability Studies (HAZOP)
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Please identify UTM ERP Emergency Response Plan
consist of emergency contact no, etc. (from establish
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) sources):
Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) 1. …………………………….…………………
2. …………………………….…………………
Root Causes Analysis (RCA) 3. …………………………….…………………
4. …………………………….…………………
Time: 5-10 minutes
346 347
Establish a Safety and Health Committee
Identify hazards at the workplace Management Commitment and Planning

Conduct risk assessment Employee Involvement
Plan and implement safety and health measures Worksite Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Control
Review the document, plan, policy and continual improvement
Safety and Health Training
348 349
16-Apr-21
THE HIDDEN COSTS

Insured Costs -- covering injury, ill health, damage.
Hidden Uninsured – 8-36 times as much as insured costs
1. Product and material 7. Investigation time.

damage 8. Supervisors time diverted End of this Session
2. Plant and building 9. Clerical Effort
damage. 10.Overtime working.
3. Tool and equipment 11.Temporary labour..
damage.
4. Expenditure on 12.Loss of expertise /
emergency experience supplies
5. Fines. 13.Clearing site.
6. Legal costs. 14.Production delays.
360 361
7
Managing, implementation and
• …………………………………… controlling of OSH Audit
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment &
Risk Control
(HIRARC)
362 363
16-Apr-21
www.dosh.gov.my
HIRARC guidelines
Mid Workshop
3
– types of hazard
– Routine job/work/activities
– Non Routine job/work/activities
–
364 367
Some Abbreviations and Terms Some Abbreviations and Terms
• AFAP - As far as (reasonably) practicable • MHF - Major hazard facility

• DG - Dangerous goods • MA - Major accident
• Employer - Employer who has management control of the facility • OHS - Occupational health & safety
• Facility - any building or structure at which Schedule 1 materials are • PFD – Process Flow Diagram
present or likely to be present for any purpose • P&ID – Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
• FMEA/FMECA - Failure modes and effects analysis/ Failure modes and • PSV – Pressure safety valve
effects criticality analysis • SMS - Safety management system
• FTA - Fault Tree Analysis • PTW – Permit to work
• HAZID - Hazard identification • MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
• HAZOP - Hazard and operability study • CSDS - Chemical Safety Data Sheet
• HSR - Health and safety representative • JSA – Job Safety Analysis
• LOC - Loss of containment • SOP – Safety Operating Procedure
• LOPA – Layers of protection analysis • PPE - Personal Protective Equipment
368 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 369 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO
368 369
16-Apr-21
The important of HIRARC

OSHA – Section 15(1)
• Gives organisations a more effective way of managing General Duties of Employers
hazards
• Requirement of the law e.g.
– OSHA:1994, CIMAH & USECHH Regulations
• Requirement of management system standards “ It shall be the duty of every employer and every
– MS1722:2011, self-employed person to ensure, so far as is
– OHSAS 18001 : 2007 now being replaced with ISO practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work
45001: 2018 of his employees “
– ISO 14001 : 2007, etc.
370 371
Criteria for HIRARC Process

HIRARC Process
Classify work activities I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III. Gather Relevant Information
Employee / Contractor
Employer Worker
Representative
Consultation Representative
I. Hazard Identification
2 Risk Assessment II. Risk Evaluation
III. Risk Control
Identify Hazards
I. Obtain Management Approval
Manager / Employer
Risk Assessment II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
Review
Implementation
3 and Review
III. Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
Prepare Risk Control Action Plan (if necessary) V. Review HIRARC on a Regular Basis
I. Must be Available upon Request

Implement
4 Record-keeping
II. Keep up-to-date HIRARC
372 373
16-Apr-21
Preparation :
1. Form a Team Preparation :
2. Identify Tasks of Each Process
 Identify HIRARC Leader
 Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas / process.
 Identify team members - Comprise staff/workers from
different levels, discipline and work areas  Assign HIRARC Team for each distinct area / process – 1 team
can work for more that 1 distinct area / process.
 HIRARC Team is trained and competent in risk
management  Prepare HIRARC form for area(s) / process assigned by HIRARC
leader. Fill-up :
 Good knowledge of work activities  location,
 Determine if the hazards could bring harm beyond their  Process,
work area
 Team members,
 Prepare Inventory of Work Activities
 Task
374 375
Preparation : (con’t) Preparation :

3. Gather Relevant Info 3. Gather Relevant Info
 Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specification.

 Should be related to HIRARC scope - Workplace layout
plan, process or work flowchart & list of work activities  Details of existing risk control measures.
in the process.  Safe work procedure.
 Source of information –  Copies of previous HIRARC.
 List of tools, machinery and chemicals used  Medical records of workers
 Records of past incidents & accidents

 Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related
matters
 Safety inspection records and audit reports
 Manufacturer’s instruction manual including material
safety data sheets
376 377
16-Apr-21
Borang HIRARC
379
378 379
Risk Assessment :
4. Hazard Identification
 “A process in identifying hazards existence and interpreting
their character.
380 381
16-Apr-21
(con’t) Risk Assessment :

4. Hazard Identification Harms from the 5 M’s!
 Hazard - “anything (object / situation) that can cause Machinery Installation, layout and design of equipment
harm” Materials Substances such as chemicals in the
 How to Identify Hazard? workplace
Danger
 Ways to identify hazards Man The way people carry out their work
“Situation where
the risk is relatively Media Quality of air in the workplace, amount and
 Brainstorming higher”
placement of lighting, noise, vibration etc.
 Process review
 Workplace inspections Method Shortcut, work practice, etc.
 Accident & incident investigation
 Sources of hazards (refer to next slide)
382 383
Hazard - Objects Hazard - Situation

 Protruding objects  Sharp objects  Slippery floor  Polluted atmosphere
 Flying objects  Dust  Chemical splash  Abrasion
 Working at height  Extreme temperature
 Falling objects  Damaged equipment &
 Slip, trip and fall  Confined space
 Chemicals tools
 Noise
 Manual handling
 Virus / bacteria  Fire  Electric current
 etc
 Explosive materials  Moving vehicles  Vibration
 High-pressurized gas  Unsafe acts

 etc
384 385
16-Apr-21
Risk Assessment :
5. Analyze Risk
HAZARD Identification  Analyze risk –
 What will be the effect cause by each hazards
Workshop  Effect to people, property & environment.
in Groups
Activity:
List Hazards by Class
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 386 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 387/53
386 387
Risk Assessment :
6. Risk Evaluation HIRARC TABLE
 What is a Risk?
 “Likelihood / chance of harm to happen”
 Risk level = Likelihood x Severity (Refer to Risk matrix)
Risk matrix
388 389
16-Apr-21
Risk Assessment (cont’d) :

6. Risk Evaluation
No Indeks Kemungkinan (L) Penerangan
 Other example of Risk matrix - 5 Paling mungkin Hazard / kejadian yang paling mungkin berlaku (Harian)
4 Mungkin Mungkin boleh berlaku dan bukanya luar biasa (Mingguan)
3 Dapat dijangka Mungkin berlaku pada masa akan datang (Bulanan)
2 Jarang sekali Belum diketahui berlaku selepas beberapa tahun( 1 hingga 4
tahun)
1 Tidak dapat dijangka Boleh dikatakan mustahil dan tidak pernah berlaku (5 tahun
ke atas)
No Indeks Keterukan (S) Penerangan

5 Mala petaka Banyak kematian, kerosakan harta benda dan pengeluaran
tidak dapat dipulihkan.
4 Fatal (kematian) Kira-kira satu kematian, kerosakan besar harta benda jika
hazard berlaku.
3 Serius (kecederaan Kecederaan yang tidak fatal, hilang upaya kekal (MC >5
berat) days)
2 Ringan Menyebabkan hilang upaya tetapi bukan kecederaan kekal
(MC <5 days)
1 Sedikit sahaja Sedikit lebam, luka, kecederaan jenis rawatan awal rawatan
kecemasan.
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 390 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 391/53
390 391
Risk Assessment (cont’d) : Risk Assessment (cont’d) :

6. Risk Evaluation 6. Risk Evaluation
 Likelihood of an occurrence
 Severity of hazards
 Ask the question “how many time has this event
happened in the past?”  Based upon an increasing level of severity to an
individual’s health, environment, or to properly.
 Assessing likelihood is based worker experience,
analysis or measurement. RATING SEVERITY (S) EXAMPLE
RATING LIKELIHOOD (L) EXAMPLE Catastrophic Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property damage and
5 productivity
5 Most likely The most likely result of the hazard / event being realized Fatal Approximately one single fatality major property damage
4 if hazard is realized
4 Possible Has a good chance of occurring and is not unusual Serius Non-fatal injury, permanent disability
3
3 Conceivable Might be occur at sometime in future
Minor Disabling but not permanent injury
2 Remote Might be occur at sometime in future 2
1 Inconceivable Is practically impossible and has never occurred Negligible Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type injury
1
392 393
16-Apr-21
Risk Assessment (cont’d) : HIRARC Exercise

6. Risk Evaluation Hazard Identification – Risk Evaluation
 How to evaluate the Risk ?
 List all existing control (Workshop)
measures for each effect in
the ‘Existing Risk Control’
column
 Rate the most likely severity
outcome of the effect in the
‘Severity’ column
 Rate the likelihood that the
hazard may cause the
injury/ill-health in the
‘Likelihood’ column
 Multiply the ‘Severity’ and
‘Likelihood’ columns. b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 408 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 409
408 409
Risk Assessment : Risk Assessment (cont’d):

7. Risk Control 7. Risk Control
 Risk Control  Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control
 Identify additional Control Measures which able to
Hierarchy of Control Examples for Noise Control
reduce the Risk Level.
Most
ELIMINATION Effective Change the Work Process
 Identify responsible person for each control.
SUBSTITUTION Replace Metal Gears with Pulley with Belt
ENGINEERING CONTROLS Implement Noisy Machine Enclosure
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Implement Work Rotation
Least
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Effective Provide Hearing Protectors
410 411
16-Apr-21
Hierarchy of Control
Actions & Recommendations
 EL -
Eliminate (Hapuskan)
 ST -
Substitute (Penggantian)
 EC -
Engineering Control (Kawalan Kejuruteraan)
 AC -
Administration Control (Kawalan
Pentadbiran)
 PPE- Personal Protection Equipment (Kelengkapan
Perlindungan Diri PPE)
412 413
Task 14 Hierarchy of Controls

HIRARC at workplace Elimination/Substitution
Most Effective Requires a physical
Please prepare HIRARC at your workplace/ change to the
workplace
faculty/hostel/house, etc:
1. HIRARC form, can be download from www.dosh.gov.my
2. Or in excel format (edited from original form as an Requires worker or
example from dosh guidelines employer to do
something
3. Please identify 3 types of safety hazard, health hazard
Requires
and 3 environmental hazard worker to
4. Photo as proof of evidence of finding for each wear
hazard/situation/process (HI Hazard identification) something
Least Effective
Time: 180 minutes
414 415
16-Apr-21
CONTROLS: Engineering CONTROLS: Administrative

CONTROL AT THE SOURCE! Aimed at Reducing Employee Exposure to Hazards
Limits the hazard but doesn’t entirely remove it. but Not Removing Them!
Other Examples:  Changes in work procedures such as:
Mechanical Guards
Wet Methods for Dust
Enclosures/Isolation
 Written safety policies/rules
Dilution Ventilation
 Schedule changes, such as:
 Lengthened or Additional Rest Breaks
 Job Rotation
Image: by JohnRH4's photostream
 Adjusting the Work Pace
Image: by Kare_Products
Local Exhaust  Training with the goal of reducing the duration,

Proper Image: by purpleslog’s photostream
frequency and severity of exposure to
equipment Re-designed Tools
b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 416 hazards b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 417
416 417
CONTROLS: PPE HIRARC Exercise

Personal Protective Equipment Identify Additional Controls –
Control of LAST RESORT!
(Workshop)
 Special Clothing
 Eye Protection
 Hearing Protection
 Respiratory Protection
CONTROL IS AT THE WORKER!

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC
418 SHO b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 419
418 419
16-Apr-21
Hazard Identification
Workshop
1
(Class )
• Based on the following slides of machinery,
identify the potential hazards.
– Hint: Use the previous tables and analyze the
machinery and work environment
• Prepare to discuss your findings.
420 421
8
Case study analysis on occupational
safety and health for workplace DAY
2
1. Based on the selected workplace, please prepare a report of
workplace safety audit with HIRARC documentation. Proof of
photo, etc. Minimum of 6 safety and health hazard.
2. Reflection report of the safety management and course
3. Presentation
4. In group (8 nos of students maximum)
422 443
16-Apr-21
HIRARC Form
HIRARC TASK
444 445
reaudit
utm/oshe/hirarc/v01
BORANG HIRARC (HIRARC FORM)
Fakulti/Jabatan/ Uni t/ Mak mal/Bengkel:

RE-AUDIT BY GROUP 8
Disediakan Oleh:
Proses Kerja/Lokasi/Blok: GROUP 6
(Nama, Jawatan)
Tarikh Disediakan: (dari)

Disahkan Oleh:
(Nama, Jawatan, Tandatangan)
Tarikh Disemak:
Tarikh Disahkan: Tarikh Semakan Semula:
Please comment Aktiviti Kerja

1. Pengenalpastian Hazard
Yang Boleh
Kawalan Risiko
2. Analisis Risiko
Kebarangkalian Keterukan Tahap Risiko Langkah Kawalan

3. Kawalan Risiko
on method of
Bil. Hazad (sedia ada) Orang Bertanggungjawab (Tarikh Tamat/Status) COMMENTS FROM GROUP 8
Mengakibatkan/ Kesan (A) (B) (AxB) Yang Disarankan
Do not see the same cat. found another cat, but the cat did
1 cat which had skin disease walking around spreading disease to people people affected by the virus send to pet veterinar 2 2 4 4 pengurusan kolej
control
not had skin disease
the worker sitting with same posture at long The worker stillsitting with the same posture. Might have
2 wrong sitting posture back/neckpain sit properly 3 2 6 5 pengurusan diri
period of time become a habit for her.
proposed by the 3
no awareness sign at the platform with different
height
falling down when walking leg injury make report to PHB 2 3 6 3 Pejabat Harta Bina
The awareness need to be put there. The different height
can lead to leg injury.
audit group. misunderstanding when to stomachache when using wrong Found the chemical product without labelling in the same
4 chemical product without labelling make a proper label 1 3 3 4 pengurusan kolej
use it product place.
5 wet floor due to the water filter machine slippery falling and bruises repair the machine 2 3 6 2 pengurusan kolej The floor still wet due to water filter machine pipe leakage
6 high voltage room without locking high voltage shock internal injury lock the door 1 4 4 4 pengurusan kolej The voltage room still in same condition without locking.
With proof of 7 stagnant water in the idle container mosquito breeding dengue
remove all the stagnant
water
3 3 9 1 pengurusan peniaga dan pelajar
Found stangnant water.We remove the water to avoid
mosquito breeding.
photo
Skala Kemungkinan / Kebarangkalian Skala Keterukan / Ketenatan Langkah Kawalan (Hierarki Kawalan) Tahap Risiko
5 - Paling Mungkin (Setiap Jam) 5 - Malapetaka 1 - Penghapusan 1-4 - Rendah (Low)
4 - Mungkin (Setiap Hari) 4 - Kematian 2 - Penggantian 5-12 - Sederhana (Medium)
3 - Dapat Dijangka (Setiap Minggu) 3 - Serius (MC lebih 3 hari/Hilang Upaya Kekal) 3 - Kawalan Kejuruteraan 15-25 - Tinggi (High)
446 447
16-Apr-21
Conclusions
• The basics of risk management are hazard identification, risk
assessment and risk control
• There are varieties of hazard identification methods and the best
is to combine the methods since they are complementing to each
other. End of this Session
• To control risks is by eliminating them first; PPE actually is the last
resort
• Integration of risk control actions is the best way
480 481

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16-Apr-21

UTM Professional Skills Certificate

HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICER: INTRODUCTORY COURSE

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 5 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 6

“An unexpected, unplanned event in sequence

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 7 b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 8

THE HIDDEN COSTS 1. Chernobyl [Losses $ 200 Billion]

1. Product and material 7. Investigation time.

b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 11 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 12

On April 26, 1986, the world witnessed the costliest accident in

Union Carbide Corporation

16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 13 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 14

Occurrence: 3rd December 1984.

2] Large Product Inventory

16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 15 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 16

16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 17 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 18

• Gulf of Mexico – 87 day spill

16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 19 16-Apr-21 rahimfka@gmail.com 20

b-saidin@utm.my-SBEC3622 21 Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid 22

How to manage Requires the commitment of the

3.To take remedial action for any

Policy statement required for safety

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 27 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 28

OSH Act Background OSH Act Background

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 29 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 30

Who involved under Occupational Safety and

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 31 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 32

Rationale for the OSHAct

Assignment 1 1 17 Dec 2007 Struck by flying rock Quarry, Perak

Safety 2 04 Dec 2007 Struck by wall formwork Construction site, Penang

3 20 Nov 2007 Suffocate in confined space Sewage plant, Johor

9 07 Sep 2007 Struck by log Factory, Sarawak

48 11 Jan 2007 Dihempap oleh 'Excavator' Ladang, Sabah

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 37 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 38

Scenario of Occupational Accident

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 39 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 40

Occupational Accident Statistics from January to June 2019 (Investigated

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 41 42 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 43 44 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO

National Occupational Accident and Death Rate

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 45 46 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO

Prosecution Case DOSH

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 47 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 48

Rationale for the OSHAct

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 49 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 50

Obligations of the employers towards

responsibility of the employees at the

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 53 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 54

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 55 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 56

Safety n Health Officer

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 57 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 58

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 59 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 60

Occupational safety and health is an area Widely

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 61 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 62

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 63 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 64

Where to w orks? Which company mus t have

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 65 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 66

Career advancement Flow chart of SHO

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 67 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 68

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 69 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 70

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 71 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 72

b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 73 b-saidin@utm.my_PSC SHO 74