University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines

Alubijid | Cagayan de Oro | Claveria | Jasaan | Oroquieta | Panaon

ARNIS
&
KARATE
Submitted By:

Elleo Mer L. Calunsag

BSGE – 2A

Submitted To:

Ms. Rhea Marie E. Quibel

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 University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
Alubijid | Cagayan de Oro | Claveria | Jasaan | Oroquieta | Panaon

Physical Education Instructor

Arnis

Arnis, also known as Eskrima or Kali, is a Filipino martial art with a long and storied history.
While it's challenging to pinpoint specific dates, its origins likely date back over a thousand years,
possibly to the 9th century. The name "Arnis" is derived from the Spanish word "arnes," reflecting its
emphasis on weapon-based combat with sticks, bladed weapons, and empty-hand techniques.
During Spanish colonization, the practice of arnis was suppressed but continued to thrive
secretly. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it experienced a resurgence. Today, arnis is
practiced worldwide for self-defense, sport, and personal development, making it a vital part of both
Filipino culture and the global martial arts community.

Basic Arnis Terminologies

1. Sinawali: A weaving or patterned movement of the arnis sticks, often used for
blocking and striking simultaneously. A double-stick pattern or weaving technique
often used for trapping and disarming opponents.
2. Doblete: A term referring to double strikes or combinations of strikes delivered in
quick succession.
3. Abaniko: A fan-like movement used to deflect or block attacks, named after the
motion's resemblance to opening and closing a fan.
4. Espada y Daga: Translates to "sword and dagger." It refers to a technique where one
hand wields a long weapon (sword) while the other holds a short weapon (dagger or
knife) for close-quarters combat.
5. Punta: The tip or point of the weapon, often used for thrusting attacks.
6. Kali: Another term used interchangeably with arnis, referring to the Filipino martial
arts as a whole.
7. Suntukan: Filipino term for boxing, which is sometimes integrated into arnis
training.
8. Disarma: The act of disarming an opponent, typically involving removing their
weapon from their grasp.
9. Tapi-Tapi: A sensitivity drill involving controlled and flowing hand-to-hand combat
techniques.
10. Hubad: Literally means "naked" or "stripped down." It refers to empty-hand
techniques and drills.
11. Largo Mano: Refers to long-range fighting techniques, often using long weapons like
staffs or sticks.
12. Cadena de Mano: A term that translates to "chain of the hand." It involves close-
quarters trapping and joint-locking techniques.
13. Lakandula: A high-ranking title in Filipino culture, sometimes used to refer to a
skilled arnis practitioner or master.
14. Salakap: A term used to describe the act of catching and controlling an opponent's
weapon.
15. Lameco: A system of Filipino martial arts developed by the late Punong Guro Edgar
Sulite.

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16. Balintawak: A style of arnis known for its close-quarters techniques and emphasis on
stick and knife fighting.
17. Sikaran: A Filipino martial art focused primarily on kicking techniques.
18. Kuntao: A term used to describe a hybrid martial art that blends Chinese kung fu
with Filipino martial arts, often incorporating empty-hand techniques.
19. Balisong: A traditional Filipino folding knife with distinctive handles that can be used
for self-defense and is often featured in Filipino martial arts training.
20. Kadena: Refers to a chain or series of movements in arnis, typically practiced as part
of a drill or form.
21. Pekiti-Tirsia: A system of Filipino martial arts known for its focus on edged weapons
and close-quarters combat.
22. Lockflow: A drill that involves applying joint locks and holds in a flowing sequence.
23. Sumbrada: A partnered drill in which one practitioner acts as the attacker, while the
other defends and counters with a series of predetermined techniques.
24. Bantay-Daga: Translates to "guarding the dagger." It involves techniques for
defending against knife attacks.
25. Dumog: Filipino grappling or wrestling techniques, often integrated into arnis
training.
26. Sagang Labo: A Filipino term for headbutting techniques used in close-quarters
combat.
27. Bolo: A type of machete or large knife often used in the Philippines, and sometimes
incorporated into arnis training.
28. Kamagong: Refers to a type of hardwood that is sometimes used to make arnis sticks
and weapons.
29. Sinagot: The counter or response to an opponent's attack.

Basic Skills: 12 Striking Techniques in Arnis

1. Left side of the head attack. A diagonal downward forehand swing to the left temple.
From the position, the warrior will hold the stick with one hand at 1 o’clock moving his stick
in slashing motion while his free hand on his chest.
2. Right side of the head attack. A diagonal downward backhand swing striking to the right
temple. Assuming a fighting stance like the left temple strike, the warrior this time held his
stick at 11o'clock with his free hand kept on his chest.
3. Left side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow. The 3rd striking technique
allows the practitioner to extend his weapon hand making it easier for him to strike any part
of the opponent between its shoulders and hips. The stick will be draw in a diagonal forehand
slashing swing making it easier to deliver a damage.
4. Right side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow. Same as the 3rd strike but this
time the practitioner will extend the weapon hand to strike any part of the body between the
shoulder and the hips in a backhand slashing swing located on the right side
5. Thrust to the stomach. In this strike, the practitioner will thrust the weapon hand to the
stomach and is followed by an upward motion that will cut through his opponent's body.
6. Left chest stab. In this strike, the weapon hand is then extended to the front with the palm
facing outward and the elbow kept up where this strike can cause damage to the rib cage.
7. Right chest stab. In this stance, the practitioner will practice the scooping action. The
weapon hand is then extended forward with the palm facing outward. To deliver the strike
properly, the elbow should be kept up puncturing the opponent’s right lung.

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8. Left lower leg. In this technique, the practitioner will deliver a powerful strike to the
opponent’s lower leg, mainly the knee, the angle or the ankle which throws off the
opponent’s balance and immobilize him. By doing this, the warrior is supposed to lower his
body (extending the weapon arm). Holding his palm upward and hit any part of the
opponent’s lower leg.
9. Right lower leg. Again, like the 8th strike, the main target here is the right lower leg which
immobilize the opponent. By doing this, the palm should face downward.
10. Left eye poke. The target here is the left eye socket. In order to execute it properly, the
practitioner should assume fighting stance then extend the weapon hand forward with the
palm facing outward with its elbow kept down.
11. Right eye poke. Same as the 10th strike technique. To execute it properly the practitioner
will have to hold his elbow down poking the right eye of the opponent.
12. Strike to the crown/top of head. The last strike will be a straight downward overhead
swing directed towards the crown of the head which could throw off the opponent’s mobility
and balance.

Stances in martial arts serve as the foundation for stability and balance, much like the roots
of a tree provide strength against strong winds. They enable martial artists to maintain
balance during movements and techniques, enhancing form and maneuverability. Correct
stances apply to various martial arts and help distribute the body's weight effectively, whether
on the front leg, back leg, or in the middle, preventing imbalance during combat. Consistent
practice with proper stances allows martial artists to dynamically shift their body weight,
ensuring they remain steady and avoid being overpowered by opponents.

Another purpose of stances is for maneuverability.

In martial arts, transitions between positions involve a sequence of steps or specific
foot placements, essentially a sequence of stances. These maneuvers include striking,
blocking, and evading techniques. Regardless of the maneuver, it always begins with an
initial stance and ends with a final stance. Knowing which stances to use for maneuvering is
just as crucial as mastering the techniques themselves.

The most common used stances when you are standing at ease.

o Natural Stance (Neutral Stance): Stand with feet about shoulder-width apart, knees
slightly bent, and arms relaxed at your sides.
o Ready Stance (Preparado Stance): Feet shoulder-width apart, one foot slightly
forward, arms ready to block or strike.
o Attention Stance (Panunumpa Stance): For formal purposes, stand with feet
together, hands at your sides, and maintain an upright posture.
o Horse Stance (Posisyon sa Kabayo): A deeper, stable stance with feet wider apart,
knees bent, and arms positioned for balance or guarding.
o Fighting Stance (Tindig Laban): One foot forward, body slightly turned sideways,
hands guarding the face and upper body, indicating readiness for combat.
o Walking Stance (Tindig Lakad): Used for mobility and transitioning into a fighting
stance, with one foot forward.
o Crossed Stance (Tindig Crossed): One foot crosses in front of the other while
maintaining balance, suitable for pivoting or crossing techniques.
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o Rest Stance (Pahinga): A relaxed version of the attention stance, feet together, arms
may be relaxed at the sides or crossed in front of the body.
o Boxing Stance (Posisyon ng Boksing): One foot forward and the other back, with the
arnis sticks held in a ready position, and hands up in a guard position.
o Semi-Closed Stance (Semi-Closed): One foot slightly in front of the other, arnis
sticks held casually at the sides, and the body relaxed but ready to move and defend.
Equipment
o Weapon. The padded stick shall be the official weapon of the player, called a cane or
baston (baton). The specification of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS
standard. The length of padded stick shall be 27 inches for boys and girls. Each
padded stick shall be properly foam cushioned and shall have a maximum grip
diameter of not more than 3.81cm. Both padded sticks shall be color-coded, one red
and the other blue. It must not have sharp edges or pointed ends.
o Scoreboards. A pair of scoreboards, either manually or electronically operated. The
specifications of which shall be in accordance with the i-Arnis standard. Two
scoreboards per contest shall be placed at diagonally opposite corners outside the
playing area inside the competition within the free zone, right where the judges are
positioned.
o Flags. Two sets of red and blue flags, the size of which is 30cm by 25cm, are used by
the judges in declaring decisions or asking for consultations. One set of yellow flags
with same size as of red and blue, used by the timers to signal the start and the end of
each round and to declare a time-out and resumption of the game
o Stopwatch. Used to keep the two-minutes per round. This includes interruptions such
as injury, changing of broken stick.
o Gong and Mallet or other similar audible substitutes such as whistle, bell or buzzer
shall be provided for the timer to indicate the start and end of the round
o Table shall be provided for the Timer and Recorder which shall be situated one (1)
meter in front of the playing area so that time signals are audible enough to both
players and referee.
o Head Protector or Head Gear. Refers to a pair of protective head gear to include an
impact worthy face mask, the specifications of which shall be in accordance with the
i-Arnis standard. Both headgears must be color-coded, one red and the other blue, to
match the padded stick of the player.
o Body Protector/Armor. Refers to a pair of protective body protector, properly
cushioned, the specifications of which shall be in accordance with the i-Arnis
standard. Male and Female player must both wear body protector and groin protector.
Body and groin protector specifications shall be accordance with the i-Arnis standard.
Both shall be color coded to match the color of the player. Forearm and shin guards
are compulsory and must be color of the player.
o Leg Guards can be used to protect both thigh and the shin area. Not only designed
for protection but also for comfort.
o Arm Guards. The Arm Guards provide complementary protection to the other arnis
battle gear. They can be used for both upper arm and forearm protection.

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o Hand Gloves is a thick rubber protection that serves as a protection form strikes. The
open palm design ensures a stable grip. 12. Groin Guard Groin Guard is a special
padding for the lower abdomen. It has a groin cup to provide complete protection to
the groin area

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