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BASKETBALL

Basketball has emerged as one of the most popular sports in the modern
world. The game had its origin in the United States of America in the late
19th Century. Basketball has grown exponentially in the last Century. The
easier accessibility of the game with limited requirements has
contributed to its growth. It can be played both Indoors as well as
outdoors.
James Naismith, Canadian teaching in America is credited with
inventing the game of Basketball in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts,
United States.

Court

• The game was invented as Naismith's effort to engage his students

of gym class in indoor activity during a rainy day.
• The first official Basketball match was played on January 20,
1892, at the YMCA gymnasium in Albany with nine players.
• William R. Chase scored the only goal in the first Basketball
game.
• Naismith composed the early rules of the game and the first sets
of rules were published in January 1892 issue of
the Triangle (YMCA training school campus paper).

• Senda Berenson modified the Naismith rules to make it suitable for

women-led the foundations of the Women's Basketball in 1892 at
Smith College (Northampton, Massachusetts).
o The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) was
first organised in 1997.
o It is currently composed of twelve teams: Indiana Fever, Los
Angeles Sparks, Minnesota Lynx, New York Liberty, Phoenix
Mercury, Atlanta Dream, Chicago Sky, Connecticut Sun,
 Dallas Wings, Las Vegas Aces, Seattle Storm, and
Washington Mystics.
• Basketball was played with a Soccer Ball for the first two years.
The first laced Basketball was produced in 1894. During 1950s
Tony Hinkle introduced the orange ball that is most commonly used
today.
• The originally used pitch baskets were replaced by metal hoops
with backboards in 1906.
• A number of players in each team varied. At first, it was played with
10 players however by 1895, teams mutually agreed on a 5 player
game. In 1897, rules mandated that the game will be played by 5
players only.
• Basketball was introduced to other countries such as Canada,
France (1893), England (1894), Japan (1900), Australia, China,
and India.
• The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was established in
1932. The eight founding nations were Argentina, Czechoslovakia,
Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.
• Basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936 when the men's
tournament was introduced at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics.
o The Women's Basketball became was introduced at the 1976
Summer Olympics.
• The popularity of Basketball increased after the Second World
War.
o The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed in
1946. The first league game was played in Toronto (Canada)
between the Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers
on November 1 1946.
o The BAA merged with the National Basketball League (NBL)
to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949.
o The game was incorporated by American Schools and
Colleges which played an important role in the development
of sport at the grassroots level. Several prominent leagues
and International players of the United States were a product
of College Basketball.
1.1 Prominent Players:

Men Women
Michael Jordan Lisa Leslie
Magic Johnson Diana Taurasi
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Maya Moore
Larry Bird Tamika Catchings
Hakeem Olajuwon Candace Parker
Wilt Chamberlain Lauren Jackson
Shaquille O'Neal Elena Delle Donne
Kobe Bryant Sheryl Swoopes
LeBron James Sue Bird
Kevin Durant Ticha Penicheiro

2. Equipment:
2.1 Playing Court:

• The playing Court of Basketball is a flat, hard surface free from

obstructions 28 m in length by 15 m in width as measured from the
inner edge of the boundary line.
• All lines on the playing Court shall be of the same colour and
drawn in white or other contrasting colours, 5 cm in width.
• The centre line divides the Court into two halves and is marked
parallel to the end lines from the mid-point of the sidelines.
• The centre circle (a radius of 1.80 m measured to the outer edge of
the circumference) shall be marked in the centre of the playing
Court and have.

2.2 Backstop Unit:

• There are two backstop units (1 placed at each end of the Court)
consisting of:
o 1 backboard with supporting structure
o 1 basket ring
o 1 basket net
o Padding
2.3 Basketballs:

• The Basketball is spherical in shape with a maximum of 12 seams

not exceeding 6.35 mm in width.
• Colour of the ball: Either a single shade of brown or a colour
combination approved by FIBA
• For all Men's competitions, a size 7 ball is used, and a size 6 ball is
used for female competitions.

Ball Size 7 6 5 Lightweight (5)

Circumference 750-770mm 715-730mm 685-700mm 685-700mm
Weight 580-620g 510-550g 465-495g 360-390g

3. Rules of the Game:

• A game of Basketball is played by two teams. Each team consists

of:
o Not more than 12 players (5 players play the game from
each team) including a Captain.
o A head coach with a maximum of 8 accompanying delegation
members.
• Each team is allowed to take:
o 2 timeouts during the first half (first and second quarter)
o 3 timeouts during the second half with a maximum of 2
timeouts when there is less than 2:00 minutes left in the
fourth quarter.
o 1 timeout during each overtime play.
o Only the head coach or first assistant coach has the right to
request a timeout.
• Duration of the game:
o The game consists of 4 quarters (10 minutes each) with 2
minutes interval between first - second quarter and third-
fourth quarter.
o A half time interval of 15 minutes is taken after the second
quarter.
th
o If the score is tied at the end of the 4 quarter, the game
continues with as many overtimes of 5 minutes duration each
as necessary to break the tie.
 • Goal:
o A goal is scored when the ball enters the basket from above
and remains within or passes through the basket entirely.
▪ A goal scored from a free throw counts 1 point.
▪ A goal scored from the 2-point field goal area counts 2
points.
▪ A goal scores from the 3-point field goal area counts 3
points.
▪ If a player accidentally scores an own goal (goal in his
team's basket), the goal counts 2 points and is
considered as having been scored by the captain of the
opponents' team.

Throw-in:

• A throw-in occurs when the ball is passed into the playing Court by
the out-of-bounds player taking the throw-in.
• A throw-in occurs:
o At the beginning of play: The player taking the throw-in shall
have one foot on either side of the centre line extended,
opposite the scorer's table, and the player can pass the ball
by throwing to a teammate at any place on the playing Court.
o After each personal foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike or
disqualifying foul: the game is resumed with a throw-in from
the nearest place of a foul being committed.
• The player taking the throw-in shall is allowed a maximum of 5
seconds to release the ball. The player cannot step in the Court
with the ball in hand and she/he cannot touch the ball on the Court
before it has touched another player.

Foul:

• Personal foul, double foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike or

disqualifying foul and fighting in between the game is considered
as foul.
• Defensive fouls: Blocking, hand check, holding, illegal hand use
• Offensive fouls: Charging, moving screen, over the back.
 • A player who has committed 5 fouls cannot take further part in the
game and shall be substituted within 30 seconds.
• A team foul penalty is done when the team has committed 4 team
fouls in a quarter.
o When a team is in the team foul penalty situation, all following
player personal fouls committed on a player, not in the act of
shooting shall be penalised by 2 free throws, instead of a
throw-in. The free throw is attempted by the player on whom
the foul was committed.
▪ A free throw is an opportunity given to a player to score
1 point, without any contest from the opponent, from a
position behind the free-throw line and inside the semi-
circle.

4. Terms Associated with Basketball:

• Airball, Alley-oop, Arm Bar, Backboard, Backcourt, Bank shot,
Blocked shot, Bounce pass, Box out, Chest pass, Dead ball,
Double dribble, Double team, Double-double, Dribble, Dunk,
Elbow, End line, Fast break, Field goal, Free-throw lane, Free-
throw line, Frontcourt, Full-court, Full-court press, Half-court, High
post, Blocking, hand check, holding, illegal hand use, charging,
moving screen, over the back, Inbounds, Jump ball, Jump shot,
Layup, Low post, Man defence, Opening tip, Out of bounds, Outlet
pass, Palming, Personal foul, Pick and roll, Pivot foot, Rebound,
Shot clock, Sideline, Strongside, Technical foul, Three-point line,
Timeout, Top of the key, Triple-double, Weakside and Zone
defense.

5. Governing Bodies:
• Federation Internationale de Basketball (FIBA), alternatively
known as International Basketball Federation is the governing body
of international Basketball.
• It was established on June 18 1932 at Geneva.
o Motto: We are Basketball
o Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Continental Federations:
o Africa: 54 members
 o Americas: 43 members
o Asia: 44 members
o Europe: 50 federations
o Oceania: 22 federations

6. International Tournaments:
• FIBA Basketball World Cup
o First Edition: 1950 (Host: Argentina, Champion: Argentina)
o Most Successful team: United States (5 titles), Yugoslavia
(5titles)
o Latest Edition: 2019 (Host: China, Champion: Spain)
• FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup
o First Edition: 1953 (Host: Chile, Champion: United States)
o Most Successful team: United States (10 titles)
o Latest Edition: 2018 (Host: Spain, Champion: United States)
• FIBA Intercontinental Cup
o First Edition: 1965 (Champion: Corinthians, Brazil)
o Most Successful team: Real Madrid (5 titles)
o Latest Edition: 2020 (Champion: Iberostar Tenerife, Spain)
• Olympics
o Most Successful Team (Men's): United States (15 titles)
o Most Successful team (Women's): United States (8 titles)
• FIBA AfroBasket
• FIBA Asia Cup
• WABA Championship
• SEABA Championship
• FIBA AmeriCup
• Centrobasket Championship
• Tuto Marchand Cup
• Oscar Moglia Cup
• Israel Sarmiento Cup
• FIBA EuroBasket
• FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup
• The National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most
famous professional leagues of the world.
o Established as the Basketball Association of America (BAA)
in New York City on June 6, 1946, the league has grown to
 be the dream destination of every professional basketball
player.
o The league consists of 30 teams (29 teams of USA and 1
team of Canada), and some of the prominent teams are
Boston Celtics, Los Angeles Lakers, Golden State Warriors,
Chicago Bulls, San Antonio Spurs, Miami Heat, New York
Knicks, Houston Rockets and Cleveland Cavaliers.
o Most titles: Boston Celtics (17 titles)

7. Basketball in India:
• Basketball was introduced to India in the 1930s. The first Indian
Men's national Championship for Basketball was played in 1934.
• The Basketball Federation of India was established in 1950.
• In 2015, Gursimran "Sim" Bhullar became the first player of Indian
descent to play in NBA.
• Satnam Singh Bhamara created history by becoming the first
Indian to be selected in the NBA. He was selected by Dallas
Mavericks.
• The year 2019 saw the first NBA games being played in India. Two
games were played between the Sacramento Kings and Indiana
Pacers on 4th and 5th October 2019 at the NSCI Dome in Mumbai.
• UBA Pro Basketball League was the first professional Basketball
league of India. It was first played in 2015.

Year Season Champions Runners-up

2015 1 Chennai Slam Pune Peshwas
2016 2 Pune Chennai Slam
2017 3 Chennai Slam Punjab Steelers
2017 4 Mumbai Challengers Bengaluru Beast

• The Indian Men's Basketball team has qualified for the FIBA Asia
Championship 24 times.
o The team was part of the 1980 Olympic Games and has won
3 gold medals (1995, 1999 and 2004) at South Asian Games.
o The team won Gold at 2014 Lusofonia Games.
o Prominent players: Jaideep Dhaliwal, Khusi Ram, Ajmer
Singh Chopra, Sozhasingarayer Robinson, Amjyot Singh Gill,
Satnam Singh, Abbas Moontasir, Jayasankar Menon, Ram
 Kumar, Hanuman Singh Rathore, Radhey Shyam, Vishesh
Bhriguvanshi, and Amritpal Singh.
• The Indian Women's Basketball team represents India in
international tournaments.
o Geethu Anna Rahul became the first Indian player to play
professionally in Australia, representing the Ringwood Hawks
from 2006-2008.
o Prominent players: Geethu Anna Rahul, Suman Sharma,
Prashanti Singh, Akanksha Singh and Anitha Pauldurai.