34.

PROBLEM
Find the total area bounded by the graph of y = x3 and the x-axis
on [- 2, 1]

Solution: y
0 y=x3
A1 = ∫ -2
ydx
0
A1 = ∫ -2
x 3 dx
dx
y
A1 = 4 -2 -1 A2
1
x y 1
A 2 = ∫ ydx A1
0
dx
1
A 2 = ∫ x 3 dx
0

1
A2 =
4
17
A T = A1 + A 2 = 17
A T = A1 + A 2 = 4
4
35. PROBLEM
Find the average value of f(x) = x2 on [0, 3]

Solution:

1 b
b - a ∫a
A(f) = f(x)dx

1 3 3
3 - 0 ∫0
A(f) = x dx

3
1⎡x ⎤ 3
A(f) = ⎢ ⎥
3 ⎣ 3 ⎦0

A(f) = 3
36. PROBLEM
Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical component for a vector V
with magnitude of 8.3 and direction angle 121.3˚.

Solution:

V
Vy

o
121.3
x
Vx

Vx = 8.3 Cos 121.3˚ = 4.3

Vy = 8.3 Sin 121.3˚ = 7.1
Direction angle for Vx = 180˚
Direction angle for Vy = 90˚
37. PROBLEM
Determine the value of x in the interval [0, 3] that corresponds to
the average of the function f(x) = x2

Solution:

f(x) = x 2
f(c) = c 2
1 3 2
A(f) =
3-0 ∫0
x dx
3
1⎡x ⎤ 3
A(f) = ⎢ ⎥
3 ⎣ 3 ⎦0

A(f) = 3

f(x) = A(f)
f(c) = 3 = c 2

c= 3
38. PROBLEM
A cable weighing 6 lb/ft. is connected a construction elevator
weighing 1500 lb. Find the work done in lifting the elevator to a
height of 500 ft.

Solution:

500-x
500

wt. of elevator = 1500

wt. of cable = 6(500 - x)
500
Work = ∫ ⎡⎣1500 + 6(500 - x) ⎤⎦ dx
0
500
Work = ∫ (4500 - 6x)dx
0
500
⎡ 6x ⎤ 2
Work = ⎢ 4500x - ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦0
Work = 1,500,000 ft. lb.
39. PROBLEM
Given: A = (8 Cis 40˚)
B = (2 Cis – 40˚)
Find the product of A and B.

SOLUTION:
(8 Cis 40˚)(2 Cis – 40˚)
8(2) Cis [40˚ + (- 40˚)]
16 Cis 0˚
But Cis 0˚ = Cos 0˚ + i Sin 0
Cis 0˚ = 1
Therefore (8 Cis 40˚)(2 Cis – 40˚) = 16
40. PROBLEM
Find the product of 2[Cos (π/3) + i Sin π/3] and its conjugate using
multiplication in trigonometric form.

Solution:

Conjugate of 2 ⎡⎣ Cosπ / 3 + i Sinπ / 3 ⎤⎦

= 2 ⎡⎣ Cos(-π / 3) + i Sin (- π / 3) ⎤⎦
( ) ( ( )
2 Cos π/3 + i Sin π/3 2 Cos - π/3 + i Sin - π/3 )
⎡ ⎛ π π⎞ ⎛ π⎞ π ⎤
4 ⎢ Cos ⎜⎝ 3 - 3 ⎟⎠ + i Sin ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ - 3 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
4 ⎡⎣ Cos 0 + i Sin 0 ⎤⎦ = 4
41. PROBLEM
A 16 cm long rod has a linear density measure in g/cm given by
P(x) = x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 16. Find its center of mass.

Solution:
Mass rod in grams
16
m = ∫ ρ(x) dx
0
16 M
m=∫ x dx m = ∫ ρ(x)dx
0 x
16
m = ∫ x1/2 dx
0 0
16
⎡ 2x 3/2 ⎤ 16
m= ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3 ⎦0
2
m = (16)3/2
3
128
m=
3
Moment about the origin
16
M = ∫ x x dx
0
16
M = ∫ x 3/2 dx
0
16
2x ⎤ 5/2
M =m x
M= ⎥
5 ⎦0 2048 128
= x
5 3
2
( )
5/2
M = 16
5 x = 9.6
2048
M=
5
42. PROBLEM
A tennis ball is thrown vertically downward from a height of 54 ft. with an initial
velocity of 8 ft/sec. What is its impact velocity if it hits a 6-feet tall person on
the head?

V1 = 8 fps
Solution:
48
V22 = V12 ± 2gh
V22 = (8)2 + 2(32)(48)
V2 = 56 fps
6 6’
43. PROBLEM
A marathon race is run over a straight-line 26 miles course. The race begins
at noon. At 1:30 PM, a contestant passes the 10 mile mark and at 3:10 PM,
the contestant passes the 20-mile mark. What is the contestants’ average
running speed between 1:30 PM and 3:10 PM?

Solution:

change of distance
Ave. velocity =
change in time
Change in time = 3:10 - 1:30 = + hr. and 40 min.
Change in time = 1.667 hrs.
Change in distance = 20 - 10 = 10
10
Ave. velocity = = 6 miles / hour
1.667
44. PROBLEM
A hemispherical tank of radius 20 ft. is filled with water to a 15 ft. depth. Find
the work done in pumping at all the water to a point 10 ft. above the
hemispherical tank.

Solution:
10’

5
y
20
15 x
dy

dx

20
Work = ∫
5
πx 2 dy(10 + y)(62.4)
x 2 + y 2 = (20)2
x 2 = 400 - y 2
20
work = 62.4 π ∫ (400 - y 2 )(10 + y)dy
5
20
work = 62.4 π ∫ (4000 - 10y 2 + 400y - y 3 )dy
5
20
⎡⎛ 10y 3 400y 2 y 4 ⎞ ⎤
work = 62.4 π ⎢⎜ 4000y - + - ⎟⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 3 2 4 ⎠ ⎦⎥ 5
work = 13,508,063 ft. lb.
45. PROBLEM
Initially, the number of bacteria in a culture grows exponentially with a growth
constant of 0.02, time being measured in hours. Although the number of
bacteria must be a nonnegative integer, the assumption that the number is a
continuous quantity always seems to lead to results that are experimentally
verified.
How many bacteria will be present after 1 hour if ther are initially 1000? Given
the same initial bacteria, in how many hours will there be 100,000 bacteria?

Solution:
y = yo ekt
y = 1000 e0.02t
y = 1000 e0.02(1)
y = 1020.2 say 1020 (bacteria present after 1 hr.)
y = 1000 ekt
100000 = 1000 e0.02t
ln (100) = 0.02t ln e
t = 230.26 hours
46. PROBLEM
Five milligrams of dye are injected into the pulmonary artery. Find the
cardiac output of the heart over a period of 30 sec. if the concentration of
⎛ 1 ⎞
the dye is c(t) = ⎜⎝ 100 ⎟⎠ t(t - 30) milligrams per liter.
-

5
R=
30 ⎛ 1 ⎞
Hint:
∫0 - ⎜⎝ 100 ⎟⎠ t(t - 30)dt

Solution:
30 1
∫0
-
100
t(t - 30)dt

30 1 2
∫0
-
100
(t - 30t)dt
30
1 ⎡ t3 2
⎤
=- ⎢ - 15 t ⎥
100 ⎣ 3 ⎦0
1 ⎡ (30)3 2
⎤
=- ⎢ - 15(30) ⎥
100 ⎣ 3 ⎦
= 45
5
R=
45
1
R= liters/sec
9
1
R = (60)
9
R = 6.67 liters/minute
47. PROBLEM
A fossilized bone is found to contain 1/1000 the original amount
of C – 14. Determine the age of the fossil if the half life of the radio
active C – 14 is 5600 years.

Solution:

A(t) = A o ekt
1
when t = 5600 A(t) = A
2 o
1
A o = A o ek(5600)
2
1
In = 5600 k In e
2
k = - 0.00012378

1
when A(t) = A
1000 o
Ao
= A o ekt
1000
1
= e - 0.00012378t
1000
⎛ 1 ⎞
In ⎜ ⎟ = - 0.00012378t In e
⎝ 1000 ⎠
t = 55,800 years
48. PROBLEM
Initially, the number of bacteria present in a culture is No At t = 1
hour the number of bacteria is measured to be 3/2 No. If the rate
of growth is assumed to be proportional to the number of bacteria
present, determine the time necessary for the number of bacteria
to triple.

Solution:
N(t) = c ekt
when t = 0
N(0) = c e 0
N(0) = c
N(t) = No ekt
when t = 1
3
N(1) = No
2
3
No = No ek(1)
2
3
ek =
2
⎛ 3⎞
k In e = In ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
k = 0.4055
49. PROBLEM
The weighted graph shows the cost in dollar associated with each edge.
Determine the minimum cost spanning tree for this graph.

23 48

B 17 C

Solution:
There are three spanning trees associated with this graph.

A A A

48 23 23 48

B 17 C B 17 C B C

Fig. (1) Fig. (2) Fig. (3)

Spanning tree for figure (1) has a cost of 48 + 17 = $65

Spanning tree for figure (2) has a cost of 23 + 17 = $40
Spanning tree for figure (3) has a cost of 23 + 8 = $71
Therefore, the minimum cost spanning tree = $40
50. PROBLEM
The perihelion distance of the earth ( the least distance between
the earth and the sun) is approximately 9.16 x 107 miles and its
aphelion distance (the greatest distance between the earth and
the sun) is approximately 9.46 x 107 miles. What is the
eccentricity of the earths orbit?

Solution:

2a = 9.46 x 10 7 + 9.16 x 10 7
a = 9.31 x 10 7
a - c = 9.16 x 10 7
c = 9.31 x 10 7 - 9.16 x 10 7
c = 0.15 x 10 7
c = ae
0.15 = 0.16 e
e = 0.016
51. PROBLEM
Find the work done by a constant force F = 2i + 4j if its point of
application to a block moves from P1(1, 1) to P2(4, 6). Assume that
|F| is measured in newtons and |d| is measured in meters.

Solution:
d = (4 – 1)i + (6 – 1)j
d = 3i + 5j
work = F • d
work = (2i + 4j) • (3i + 5j)
work = 2(3) + 4(5)
work = 26 N.m
52. PROBLEM
The probability that a tree planted by a landscaping company will survive is
0.8. Determine the probability that at least one of the four trees planted will
survive.

Solution:

1.0

0 1 2 3

At least one

P that at least one of the 4 trees will survive = 1 – P0

𝑛!
𝑃T = 𝑝T 𝑞 W
(𝑛 − 0)! 0!
p = 0.80 q = 1 – 0.8 = 0.2
4!
𝑃= (0.8)T (0.2)R
(4 − 0)! 0!
P0 = 0.0016
Probability that at least one of the trees will survive = 1 – P0 = 1 – 0.0016
Probability that at least one of the trees will survive = 0.9984
53. PROBLEM
Two hundred and fifty patients who had knee, hip or heart surgery were asked
whether they were satisfied or dissatisfied regarding the result of their surgery. The
responses are given in the table below.

Surgery Satisfied Dissatisfied Total

Knee 75 20 95
Hip 90 15 105
Heart 45 5 50
Total 210 40 250

If one person from the 250 patients surveyed is selected at random.

a) Determine the probability that the person was satisfied with the results of the
surgery.
210 21
𝑃= =
250 25

b) Determine the probability that the person was satisfied with the results of the
surgery, given that the person had knee surgery.
75 15
𝑃= =
95 19

c) Determine the probability that the person was dissatisfied with the results of the
surgery, given that the person had hip surgery.
15 1
𝑃= =
105 7

d) Determine the probability that the person had heart surgery, given that the
person was dissatisfied with the results of the surgery.
5 1
𝑃= =
40 8
54. PROBLEM
For an outdoor concert, event organizers estimate that 20,000 people will
attend if it is not raining and 12,000 people will attend if it is raining. On the
day of the concert, meteorologist predict a 30% chance of rain. Determine
the expected number of people who will attend this concert.

Solution:
Probability that it will rain = 30%
Probability that it will not rain = 70%
Expected number of people who will attend this concert:
E = 0.70(20,000) + 0.3(12,000)
E = 17,600
55. PROBLEM
Find the directional derivative of f (x, y) = 2x2 y3 + 6xy at (1, 1), in the
direction of a unit vector whose angle with the positive x-axis is π/6.
Solution:
f(x, y) = 2x 2 y 3 + 6 x y
∂f
= 4xy 2 + 6y
∂x
∂f
= 6x 2 y 2 + 6x
∂x

Vf(x, y) = (4xy 3 + 6y)i + (6x 2 y 2 + 6x)j

Vf(1, 1) = (4 + 6) i + (6 = 6) j
Vf(1, 1) = 10i + 12 j
Now at θ = π/6
u = Cosø i + Sin θ j
u = Cos π/6 i + Sin π/6 j

3 1
u= i + j
2 2
Directional derivative:
Duf(1, 1) = VF(1, 1) • u
⎛ 3 1⎞
Duf(1, 1) = (10i + 12j) ⎜ i + j⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠

Duf(1, 1) = 5 3 + 6 (directional derivative)

56. PROBLEM
Find the value of xo prescribed by the law of mean, given
f(x) = 3x2 + 4x – 3, a = 1, b = 3.

Solution:
f(b) - f(a)
= f '(x o )
b-a
a =1 b=3
f(x) = 3x 2 + 4x - 3
f(b) = 3(3)2 + 4(3) - 3
f(b) = 36
f(a) = 3(1)2 + 4(1) - 3
f(a) = 4

36 - 4
= f'(x o )
3-1
f '(x o ) = 16
f '(x o ) = 6x o + 4
6x o + 4 = 16
6x o = 12
xo = 2
57. PROBLEM
A spherical balloon is inflating at a rate of 27π in3/sec. How fast
is the radius of the balloon increasing when the radius is 3
inches?

Solution:

4
V= π r3
3
dV 4 ⎛ 2 dr ⎞
= π ⎜ 3r
dt 3 ⎝ dt ⎟⎠
dV dr
= 4π r 2
dt dt
dr
27π = 4π(3)2
dt
dr 3
= in/sec
dt 4
58. PROBLEM
Oil is spilled from a tanker spreads in a circle whose
circumference increases at a rate of 40 ft/sec. How fast is the
area of the spill increasing when the circumference of the circle
is 100π feet?

Solution:
C = 2π r
dC dr
= 2π
dt dt
dr
40 = 2π
dt
dr 20
=
dt π
C = 2π r
100π = 2π r
r = 50

A = π r2
dA dr
= 2π r
dt dt
dA ⎛ 20 ⎞
= 2π(50) ⎜ ⎟
dt ⎝ π⎠
dA
= 2000 ft 2 / sec
dt
59. PROBLEM
Find the angle between vectors V1 and V2
V1 = 7i – 3j
V2 = 3i + 4j

Solution:
𝑉P • 𝑉8
cos ∅ =
|𝑉P | |𝑉8 |
|𝑉P | = ‹(7)8 + (−3)8 = √58

|𝑉8 | = ‹(3)8 + (4)8 = 5

V1 • V2 = 7(3) – 3(4) = 9
9
cos ∅ =
√58 (5)
∅ = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟑°
60. PROBLEM
Find the cross product for vectors A and B
A = 2i – 3j + 6k
B = 8i +2j – 3k

Solution:
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑖 𝑗
𝐴 𝑥 𝐵 = ’2 −3 6 ’ 2 −3’
8 2 −3 8 2
A x B = (9i + 48j +4k) – (-24k + 12i – 6j)
A x B = -3i + 54j + 28k