ความเค้น – ความเครียด @ 2 /66

[ Stress – Strain ]
Ex.1 แท่งเหล็กขนาดเสนผ่ ้ านศูนย์กลาง 6 mm ยาว 1.0 m ใชยึ้ ดกับนํ าหนั กขนาด 3.26 kN ทีปลายด ้านล่าง
ดังรูป จากระยะสงั เกต 30 mm มีระยะความยาวเปลียนแปลง 17.34 x 10-3 mm และขนาดเสนผ่ ้ านศูนย์กลาง
ึ
เปลียนแปลง 1.032 x10 mm เมือพิจารณาโดยรวมนํ าหนักแท่งเหล็กซงมีความหนาแน่น 78 kN /m3 ถ ้า
-3

ความเค ้นทีจุดคราก 245 MPa และค่าความปลอดภัย = 2 จงหา

จงหา
1.1 ชนิด และลักษณะของแนวแรงกระทํากับชนสิ ว่ นวัสดุ
1.2 ชนิดและขนาดของความเค ้นทีเกิดขึน 1.3 ชนิดและขนาดของการเปลียนแปลงขนาดวัสดุ
1.4 ชนิด และขนาดของความเครียดทีเกิดขึน 1.5 ขนาดอัตราสว่ นปั วสซ
์ องของวัสดุ
1.6 ขนาดโมดูลัสการยืดหยุน
่ ้
1.7 ขนาดความเค ้นทียอมให ้ และตรวจสอบการใชงาน
1.8 จาก 1.7 ขนาดนํ าหนั กกระทําสูงสุดทีสามารถรับได ้

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 2
ิ ดติดกันด ้วยกาวและถูกยึดกับผนัง เมือถูกกระทําด ้วยแรงขนาด 800 kN กับไม ้ชนกลางด
Ex.2 ไม ้ 3 ชนยึ ิ ้วย
ิ
ทิศทางดังรูป โดยไม ้แต่ละชนขนาดกว ้าง 90 หนา 40 mm และความยาวของการถูกยึดด ้วยกาว 150 mm
จงหา 2.1 ชนิดของแรงกระทําต่อชนส ิ ว่ นวัสดุ 2.2 ชนิด และตําแหน่งของหน่วยแรงทีสามารถเกิดขึนได ้
2.3 ลักษณะแนวแรงกระทํา และความเสย ี หายทีสามารถเกิดขึนกับชนส ิ ว่ นวัสดุเนืองจากหน่วยแรงนั นๆ
2.4 ขนาดของหน่วยแรงทุกชนิดทีเกิด 2.5 ตรวจสอบหน่วยแรงทีเกิดขึน เมือ
- หน่วยแรงทียอมให ้ของกาว 5 MPa
- หน่วยแรงทียอมให ้ของไม ้ 60 MPa

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 3
Ex.3 แผ่นวัสดุกว ้าง ; b = 150 mm หนา ; t = 18 mmต่อชนโดยมีแผ่นประกับหนา 10 mm และยึดด ้วย
้ านศูนย์กลาง ; d = 20 mm เมือถูกกระทําด ้วยแรงขนาด 170 kN ดังรูป กําหนดให้
หมุดยําขนาดเสนผ่
ตัวประกอบความปลอดภัย = 2 จงหา 3.1 ชนิดของแรงกระทํา
- ความเค ้นเฉือนในสลักทีจุดประลัย 300 MPa 3.2 ตําแหน่งและลักษณะความเสย ี หายทีเกิดขึน
- ความเค ้นกดอัดประลัยระหว่างหมุดและวัสดุ 3.3 ขนาดความเค ้นต่างๆ ทีเกิดขึนกับวัสดุ
490 MPa 3.4 ตรวจสอบการใชงาน ้
- ความเค ้นดึงทีจุดครากในแผ่นวัสดุ 400 MPa

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 4
Ex.4 วัสดุแผ่นบางขนาดกว ้าง 400 mm สูง 300 mmหนา 2.0 mm ถูกกระทําด ้วยแรงขนาด 90 kN เป็ นผล
ึ
ให ้เกิดการเปลียนแปลงดังรูปซงไม่
มกี ารเปลียนแปลงความหนา จงหา
4.1 ชนิดและขนาดของความเค ้นทีเกิดขึน 4.2 ขนาดความเครียดตังฉากปกติ
4.3 ขนาดความเครียดเฉือนของแผ่นวัสดุเมือวัดสม ั พัทธ์กับแกน x และ y

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ความเค้น – ความเครียด ื – สกุล .................................... เลขที .......
ชอ
@ 2 / 66

1. ท่อความยาว ; L = 2 m เสนผ่
้ านศูนย์กลางภายนอก ; D = 120 mm หนา ; t = 10 mm รับแรงกระทํา
ตามแนวแกนขนาด 240 kN กําหนดให้ - ความเค ้นทีจุดคราก 550 MPa - ค่าความปลอดภัย = 2
- โมดูลัสการยืดหยุน
่ 200 GPa - อัตราสว่ นปั วสซ
์ อง = 0.3
จงหา 1.1 ชนิด และขนาดความเค ้นทีเกิดขึน 1.2 ชนิด และขนาดความยาวทีเปลียนแปลง
1.3 ขนาดความเครียดตามแนวแกน และแนวภาคตัดทีเกิดขึน
1.4 ชนิด และขนาดเสนผ่้ านศูนย์กลางภายนอกทีเปลียนแปลง
้
1.5 ขนาดความเค ้นใชงาน [ Working Stress ; σw ]
้
1.6 ขนาดแรงทีสามารถรับได ้ จากความเค ้นใชงานทีกําหนด

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 6
2. สลักขนาดเสนผ่
้ านศูนย์กลาง ; d ร ้อยผ่านแผ่นเหล็กโดยสว่ นหัวของสลักเกลียวยังอยูบ
่ นแผ่นเหล็ก รับแรง
้ านศูนย์กลางของหัวสลัก ; D = 30 mm หนา ; t =
กระทําขนาด 50 kN กับสลักเกลียวดังรูป เมือขนาดเสนผ่
9 mm กําหนดให้ - วัสดุทําสลักมีหน่วยเฉือนทีจุดประลัย ; Ult. = 310 MPa
- หน่วยแรงดึงทีจุดประลัย ; Ult. = 620 MPa - แผ่นเหล็กมีหน่วยแรงกดอัด ; Ult. = 700 MPa
- ความปลอดภัย ; F.S. = 2 จงหา 2.1 ขนาดหน่วยแรงทียอมให ้ของวัสดุ
2.2 ตําแหน่ง และชนิดของหน่วยแรงทีเกิดขึน 2.3 ลักษณะความเสย ี หายทีเกิดขึนเนืองจากหน่วยแรง
2.4 ขนาดเสนผ่ ้ านศูนย์กลางของสลักเนืองจากหน่วยแรงแต่ละชนิด
้
2.5 เลือกใชขนาดเส ้ านศูนย์กลางของสลักทีปลอดภัย
นผ่

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