STUDY HABITS OF THE TOP PERFORMING

ACADEMIC SCHOLARS: ITS IMPACT TO

THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of the
STEM Strand Senior High School Department
University of Cebu- Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus
Mandaue City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for
Practical Research 1

By:

Apa, Joshua G.
Mauro, Laurice Faith B.
Ramos, Mel Caesar P.
Viño, Kemp Windel L.
Taporoc, CJ A.
ST11P7

Ms. Erna B. Sagnoy

Research Adviser

May 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

In FULFILLMENT of the requirements for the Practical Research 1 of Science,

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, this research entitled “Study Habits of the Top
Performing Academic Scholars: Its Impact to their Academic Performance” prepared and
submitted by Joshua G. Apa, Laurice Faith B. Mauro, Mel Caesar P. Ramos, Kemp
Windel L. Viño, and CJ A. Taporoc, has been examined, accepted, and approved for
PROPOSAL HEARING.
MS. ERNA B. SAGNOY, LPT
Adviser

ACCEPTED AS fulfillment of the requirements of Practical Research 1 (STEM).

MRS. GLORIA P. DENIEGA

Principal
APPROVED by the tribunal at Oral Examination with the grade of _______

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
MS. WINNA E. TIBON, LPT
Chairman

MS. REGINA KEMBERLY Y. ESPINA, MAEd-EL MR. JELO D. ESTENZO, LPT

Member 1 Member 2

MS. ERNA B. SAGNOY, LPT

Program Research Coordinator

MRS. GLORIA P. DENIEGA ROEL A. MONSANTO, Ph.D.

Principal, Basic Education Research Director

Date: __________

i
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This undertaking would have been impossible to complete without the participation and
support of numerous persons, their enthusiasm in guiding us is greatly felt and acknowledged. It is
our greatest pleasure that we are able to express our sincere gratefulness to the following:

First, we give our thanks to God, the Almighty, for showering our minds with wisdom and
knowledge and for providing us with the blessings needed to complete this research.

To our Research Adviser, Ms. Erna B. Sagnoy, for her supervision and expertise, thank
you for the advice you have imparted that helped us in making our paper comprehensive and
accurate. We also give her thanks for her warm disposition, cheerful support, understanding, and
never-ending patience to give us strength in this challenging and new, yet fulfilling task.

To Dr. Daniela B. Patindol, the Assistant Principal of the Senior High School Department
at the University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue, as well as Ms. Gloria P. Daniega, the School
Principal of the Basic Education Department for making UCLM a leading place for conducting
academic research.

To Ms. Annabella G. Hisula, RCrim, the Scholarship Office Coordinator, for

providing us with your approval in acquiring the information of the academic scholars from
Grade 11 STEM students. Without your contribution, the data from the participants of our
study would be impossible to collect.

Finally, to the parents of the researchers, who patiently remained headstrong in

supporting us financially, morally, and spiritually from the beginning of our research until
its end. Our morale was boosted while building this paper due to each of you.

ii
 DEDICATION

This research endeavor is a work born from hard work and countless sacrifices. The
proponents humbly dedicate this study to those special people who have posed as an
inspiration.

We dedicate this study to our respective families, who have been a strong source of
inspiration, the cause for our motivation to fulfill our duties as a student with a sense of
responsibility and strength, especially when our doubts and fears try to overtake us. This is
for them and for the dreams they envisioned for us.

To our classmates, who also worked hard in their respective study. The attitude
and efforts they put in this task have greatly prompted us to finish our own.

To Ms. Erna B. Sagnoy, who believed in our abilities to successfully conduct this
research and that we will finish our research on time. The researchers respect you for the
faith you have shown for us and for the tutelage you have provided to us for the betterment
of our research. This study is also dedicated to the management and staff of the University
of Cebu – Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue Campus for giving us the opportunity to challenge and
nurture our skills and cooperation to create this study.

To the students, especially to the Academic Scholars in UCLM, we dedicate this

to all of them so that they may find this useful in improving their studying skills and in
realizing their academic goals.

And lastly, to our God Almighty, the one who we look up to, this is a fruit of the
guidance, good health, and knowledge, which you have given to us that shall continue to
grow further as we experience more of this vast world.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgment ii
Dedication iii

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale of the Study 1

Review of Related Literature and Studies 4

THE PROBLEM 14

Domains of Inquiry 14

Scope and Delimitations 14

Significance of the Study 15

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 17

Research Design 17

Research Environment 18

Research Key Informants 19

Research Instrument 19

Research Procedure 20

Data Gathering 20
 Data Analysis 21

Ethical Considerations 21

DEFINITION OF TERMS 23

REFERENCES 25
APPENDICES 29
A Transmittal Letter 29
B Informed Consent 33
C Survey Questionnaire 38
D Location Map 41
E Researcher’s Bionote 42
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Education is a catalyst for the progression of the world and is a man’s tool in
developing oneself. However, education is not accessible for every child all over the world.
According to UNICEF, the number of children who are not attending school has reached
2.8 million here in the Philippines alone, making Filipino children lag behind. Thus, some
students work extra hard and take scholarship programs to continue their studies due to
various situations, one of them mainly to receive financial assistance. By having receiving
a scholarship, scholars are able to focus in continuing their education with the assurance of
a reduced financial stress. However, scholars need to attain a good academic performance
which allow them to keep their scholarships. In order for them to maintain their slot, they
must develop an effective way of study that results to good academic performance.

Study habits are useful since it can effectively retain information found in the
learners’ materials. Their efficacy is manifested in good scores that can be found in quizzes
and exams and oral recitations. Hence, it is important to dissect the common study habits
of scholars so that the study can provide insights into what learning strategies these scholars
are using in maintaining their performance and to find out if these study habits are effective
or not.

The 14th congress of the Republic of the Philippines enacted the Senate Bill
No. 2351 or the Education Accountability Act that aligns with the nature between study
habits and academic performance of scholars. In this bill, it emphasized accountability as

1
“acceptance of the responsibility for improving student performance and taking actions to
improve classroom practice and school performance”. One of the aims of the bill’s
accountability system is to not only encourage the schools but the students as well to use
academic achievement standards for higher performance. These standards can be fulfilled
by the scholars through the use of study habits.

UNESCO or the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization (2017) announced their findings in the news that an early start in reading
literacy has lasting benefits, with students who had attended pre-primary school for three
years or more reporting higher average scores. The organization also found that supportive
home environments like parents allowing their children to engage in early literacy activities
and providing them with learning environments conditions the child to develop an excellent
study habit and comprehension.

According to Ayodele & Adebiyi (2013), study habits are propensities in

learning which allow the students to work privately. They are methods used for their studies
whether they are systematic, efficient or inefficient, implying that good study habits create
a positive academic performance while inefficient study habits lead to academic failure.
This is then supported by the study done by Siahi and Mayo (2015), where they emphasized
that students with good study habits are most likely to excel than those with poor study
habits.

Additionally, Pitan (2013) said that academic underachievement and academic

failure are caused by poor or improper study habits which are a direct consequence from
educational problems.

Aduke (2015) also stated that students need to be conscious of their time when
it comes to performing their educational activities for the betterment of their

2
academic performance. He also found that procrastination, prioritization, and planning
were significant factors that affect the students’ performance.

To provide evidences regarding study habits, Kumar (2015) identified effective

study habits that a learner can adopt. These are: 1.) Alternate your study places; 2) Actively
engage your brain; 3) Take tests; 4) Sleep; 5) Do not categorize yourself; 6) Go to class;
and 7) Manage your time. The study also added that an instructor’s motivation and help,
the learners can follow and develop effective study habits. This is because there are many
students who do not follow the ideal study habits and need to be motivated so they can self-
regulate like the high achieving students. Moreover, instructors can also help the students
develop their effective study habits by giving regular assignments and quizzes, set clear
learning objective, starting each session with a short recap, and more.

In addition, there is a need to enhance the students’ study habits especially in

note-taking, reading ability, and health to achieve a good academic performance (Tus,
2020). Another problem of the students is lack of motivation, which is supported by Digal
and Walag (2019) as they found that motivation is based in self-efficacy since students who
have this attribute are able to persist than those who are not. Thus, to improve motivation
among the students, Alcazar et al. (2019) found that interest of the pupils increases by
establishing good study habits through recognition: reward system. This action has great
impact on the performance of the students.

Lastly, a study by Abastillas et al (2018) from University of Cebu- Maritime

Education Training Center emphasized that “students should observe and form good and
proper study habits in order for them to achieve excellent academic performance. By
encouraging students through the use of proper study habits through the use of both the
internet and peers, students can practice these habits in a comfortable and

3
engaging atmosphere thus improving their efficiency in learning and allowing for the
development of academically excellent students”. To sum it up, students have the
responsibility to acquire proper study habits to improve performance and these can be
enhanced with the help of the internet and peers.

By identifying the common study habits that academic scholars use that will be
done at University of Cebu- Lapu- Lapu and Mandaue, the research is able to commit to
its main objective, which will provide necessary insights that further explain the impacts
these said study habits can bring into the academic performance of the respondents. The
main purposes of the study are to enlighten the students that study habits are essential in
acquiring new knowledge and to recommend the most effective strategies to them so that
they may find these useful to attain academic success.

Literature Review

The study is being conducted to find out the study habits of the top performing
academic scholars. The study seeks to answer the research question, "What are the common
study habits of academic scholars?" The goal is to find out the best study habits used by
the academic scholars and if they are effective for non-academic scholars.

In the pursuit of academic excellence, it is crucial to establish effective study habits

that maximize learning and improve academic performance. Many students struggle with
poor academic performance in tests and exams, often due to their inadequate study habits.
Developing effective study habits is crucial for achieving success in academics, and
without them, students may struggle to perform well. Effective study habits encompass a
range of strategies, techniques, and approaches that enable you to absorb, retain, and apply
knowledge efficiently.

This chapter presents the relevant literature that the researchers collected regarding

4
the relation between the variables study habits and academic performance. This chapter
also shows that there is a lack of literature towards academic scholars and the
aforementioned variables in order to prove their relationship, which shall be answered
through more research. In addition, the study also provides a comprehensive synthesis to
enhance comprehension and gain a deeper understanding of the research conducted.

Review of Related Literature

Study Habits

A learner’s academic success is primarily determined by their study habits. These

habits include actions such as reading, note-taking, and participating in study groups, which
students consistently engage in to achieve their learning objectives.

Developing good study habits is crucial for achieving success in academics. These
habits are formed by combining discipline, passion, and a strong determination to improve
academic performance. (Yap, F., 2019)

In a similar study by Alzahrani et al. (2018), stated that study habits refer to a
collection of abilities that combine various techniques and organizational methods to
effectively complete academic tasks within a designated timeline, while also fostering a
learning-oriented approach that enables students to excel in their academic pursuits.

Moreover, according to Kapur (2022), it is essential to help students comprehend

the rationale behind adopting good study habits to encourage them to commit to these
practices. When students are aware of the objectives of building good study habits, they
are more likely to invest their best efforts. These objectives can be summarized as follows:
acquiring an efficient understanding of academic subjects and lesson plans, excelling in
studies, achieving good grades, being well-prepared to participate in various evaluation

5
methods, utilizing technology effectively, enhancing competencies and abilities, honing
analytical, critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, implementing time management
skills, meeting the expectations of educators and supervisors, increasing motivation and
concentration levels, possessing the abilities to work under stress, forming positive
viewpoints about academic learning, achieving educational goals, and promoting
enrichment of the overall education system.

Additionally, Bhagat, M. & Wadhawan, P. (2021), stated that a student’s poor

academic performance can be caused by various factors other than their intellectual
capacity. Even naturally bright students may struggle due to bad study habits. Study habits
are essential in a students’ life and act as a means and end of learning. The study habits
consist of sub-components such as comprehension, concentration, task orientation, study
sets, interaction, drilling, supports, recording, and language. Each component is significant
in promoting high academic performance, and students must maintain a balance of all
components.

Lastly, a study by Mookkiah, M. et al. (2022), recommended several good study

habits for students including studying on a daily basis, regularly attending classes, taking
notes, seeking help when encountering difficulties with their studies, and adequately
preparing for exams.

In conclusion, good study habits play a crucial role in a student's academic

performance and developing these habits requires a combination of discipline, passion, and
determination. The various components of study habits, such as comprehension,
concentration, and task orientation, are essential in promoting high academic performance.
Furthermore, when students understand the objectives of building good study habits, they
are more likely to invest their best efforts. Therefore, it is important for students to adopt
good study habits to achieve their academic goals and succeed in their academic pursuits.

6
Academic Performance

Academic performance refers to how well a student is doing in school, including

their grades, test scores, participation, and understanding of the subject matter. Tus (2020),
stated that students’ academic performance is a crucial aspect of determining their success
in school. It serves as a concrete measure to evaluate their learning process and plays a
significant role in education.

In a study by Yazdani & Godbole (2014), academic performance typically denotes

a students' effectiveness in completing their coursework and achieving academic success.
However, several factors influence the level and quality of a students' academic
performance, such as their grades, attendance record, standardized test scores, participation
in extracurricular activities, and behavior. Furthermore, differences in individual academic
performance can be attributed to variations in intelligence and personality traits.

Similarly, Tus, J. (2020), states that the academic performance of senior high school
students is influenced by several factors, including stress and motivation. As students
approach college life, performing well academically can lead to more opportunities in the
future.

According to Mallillin, L. L. (2020), various activities can be designed to encourage

students to explore their knowledge and engage in all aspects of their subjects to improve
their academic performance and learning in different domains. Teachers can tailor their
teaching styles to meet the needs of their learners. Their study focuses on examining the
different domains of learning, including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning,
and how they relate to the academic performance of the participants. The goal is to assess
the extent to which these domains impact the students’ skills in learning, attitude toward
studies, and academic achievements.

Lastly, Barcenas & Bibon (2022) recommends that schools, teachers, and students
7
have been advised to enhance academic performance by implementing effective study
habits such as creating a suitable class schedule, developing better reading comprehension
skills, and utilizing strategic note-taking techniques.

From the collected information, it is evident that academic performance is a critical

aspect of a student’s education. Academic performance is influenced by various factors,
such as grades, attendance record, standardized test scores, personality traits, stress,
motivation, and teaching styles. Therefore, to improve academic performance, schools,
teachers, and students' must implement effective study habits, explore different domains of
learning, and tailor teaching styles to meet the needs of learners. By doing so, students' can
achieve academic success, which can lead to more opportunities in the future.

After stating the many literature above, the identified areas of our study that require
further research are: do study habits and academic performance have a relation and impact
towards the scholars? And could these habits be effective for non-academic scholars?
Furthermore, the literature also concludes that there is indeed a significant relationship
between the study habits and the academic performance of the students. As mentioned
above, study habits are a collection of various techniques that enable the students to
complete tasks and excel in their academics, hence by forming and practicing specific study
habits, students become motivated to put their efforts into school and understand the
lessons better. In addition, they will develop skills such as time management and problem-
solving as well as retain information better which are helpful in manifesting their
educational goals.

Review of Related Studies

Study Habits

Study habits refer to the strategies and techniques used by students to enhance

8
their learning and academic performance. One such study conducted by Chilca, L. (2017),
showed that self-esteem does not significantly impact academic performance, but study
habits do influence academic performance.

To present evidences on the study habits utilized by learners, Kumar (2015)

identified effective study habits that students can adopt, including: 1) Alternate your study
places; 2) Actively engaging your brain; 3) Regularly taking tests; 4) Ensuring adequate
sleep; 5) Avoiding categorize oneself; 6) Attending class regularly; and 7) Managing your
time effectively.

The study also added that with an instructor's motivation and help, the learners can
follow and develop effective study habits. This is because there are many students who do
not follow the ideal study habits and need to be motivated so they can self-regulate like the
high achieving students. Moreover, instructors can also help the students develop their
effective study habits by giving regular assignments and quizzes, setting clear learning
objectives, and starting each session with a short recap.

Another study done by Looyeh H. et al. (2017), that shares the same concept above,
stated that the study habits of the students were considered to be at a relatively good or
average level. The study highlights the importance of improving students’ study habits as
there is a significant correlation between study habits and academic performance. To
enhance the students’ study habits and academic performance, education administrators
and planners can incorporate appropriate educational content, especially focusing on
improving students’ note-taking and reading skills.

Similarly, a study conducted by Mallillin, LTD (2020), found that the respondents
were motivated to study and had a desire to learn. However, they were easily distracted by
untoward disturbances which affected their concentration during study sessions.

9
Breaks or interruptions in their study helped relieve their stress and improved their interest
in studying. The respondents had their own techniques for studying, including time
planning, note taking, and adopting better learning styles and study habits. They also
emphasized the importance of advanced practice tests to master examination techniques
and correct mistakes for better learning. Overall, the study highlights the importance of
motivation, concentration, and effective study techniques in enhancing learning outcomes.

According to the study by Bentil, J. et al. (2021), it was determined that having
good study habits is crucial in determining the academic performance of Junior High
School students in the Ekumfi District of the Central Region in Ghana. Therefore, it is
essential for students to develop effective study habits if they wish to improve their
academic performance. While gender and age were found to have no significant impact on
the students’ academic performance, the research revealed that their circuits and forms
(JHS1/JHS2) had an effect on their academic performance.

In conclusion, multiple studies emphasize the importance of effective study habits

in enhancing academic performance. While self-esteem and gender does not have a
significant impact on academic performance, it is found that study habits must be
developed for they have a significant correlation with academic performance instead.
Instructors can also play a vital role in motivating and helping students develop effective
study habits through regular assignments and quizzes, setting clear learning objectives, and
starting each session with a short recap. Overall, developing effective study habits can
significantly improve the students’ academic performance and learning outcomes.

Academic Performance

Academic performance has been the subject of numerous studies over the years.
Researchers have explored various factors that can influence academic performance,
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including socioeconomic status, parental involvement, study habits, and more. In one such
study by Afzal, H. et al. (2010), the results revealed that there is a positive and bi-
directional relationship between a students' motivation and their academic performance.
This indicates that students who are highly motivated tend to perform better academically,
and those who perform better become even more motivated.

A study conducted by Tus, J. (2020), found that stress and motivation did not have
a significant impact on the academic performance of senior high school students. The
students had an average stress level and above-average motivation. Their grades were
mostly satisfactory, indicating that they may have good study habits and time management
skills. The study suggested that other factors, such as the schools teaching strategies and
education, may have contributed to their academic performance. The study recommends
maintaining the schools education and guidance programs, and students should continue
their ways of coping with stress. Teachers should also continue their teaching methods and
strategies.

According to a study made by Kusurkar, R.A. et al. (2013), found that the
relationship between Relative Autonomous Motivation, deep study strategy, and higher
study effort has a positive impact on academic performance in medical education,
regardless of the selection procedure used to choose students and gender. This model is
applicable to both male and female students selected through qualitative or weighted lottery
selection processes.

In a study conducted by Neroni, J. et al. (2019), its main objective of this study was
to examine how learning strategies relate to academic performance in distance education
(DE). The results of the analysis showed that effective time and effort management was
the most significant predictor of academic success. In addition, the use of complex
cognitive strategies was also positively related to academic performance,

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while interaction with others had a negative impact. However, the study found no
significant correlation between the use of simple cognitive strategies, academic thinking,
and academic performance.

A study by MHEM Browning and Rigolon, A. (2019), the existing literature on the
relationship between school green space and academic performance is limited and has
produced mixed results. Moreover, most studies suffer from limitations, such as being
observational and focused on school-level analyses. Despite these shortcomings, the
available evidence suggests that more research is needed to explore this topic. Future
studies should focus on addressing potential confounding factors, identifying moderating
variables, and understanding the underlying mechanisms involved. Currently, there is some
evidence to suggest that factors such as tree cover, green window views, college
preparatory exams, and end-of-semester grades may be useful indicators of a positive link
between school green space and academic performance.

Overall, the studies reviewed suggest that academic performance is influenced by

various factors, including motivation, learning strategies, time and effort management, and
environmental factors such as school green space. While some factors, such as motivation,
have consistently shown a positive impact on academic performance, others, such as stress
and social interaction, have produced mixed or non-significant results. The studies also
highlight the importance of addressing methodological limitations and considering
moderating variables to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in these
relationships.

The studies explored factors that affect the study habits and academic performance
that can directly impact the scholars. However, they have not explored the cause of these
factors. For instance, why do some students not follow the ideal study habits? Is this due
to their lack of concentration and poor study techniques?

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Furthermore, is there any relationship between the factors that influence the academic
performance of the students such as time management and teaching strategies towards the
students? With that being said, future research in these areas may help to inform strategies
and interventions aimed at improving student well-being to produce better study habits and
educational performance.

To sum up the studies listed above, they have made it evident that study habits and
academic performance are interconnected towards a scholar’s academic success. It is
emphasized that learners should develop effective study habits such as seeking for an
instructor’s help, taking care of your health, and using techniques including note-taking,
time-management, and self-regulation in order to produce results like those students who
are high-achieving in order to attain a satisfactory performance in school.

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 THE PROBLEM

Domains of Inquiry

The goal of the study is to discover the common study habits used by the Top
Performing Academic Scholars in order to identify their impacts to the academic
performance of the Academic Scholars from the Senior High School department under the
STEM track at University of Cebu- Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue in 2nd semester S.Y. 2022-
2023.

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the common study habits of the STEM academic scholars?

2. What is the relationship between the aforementioned study habits and the
academic performance of the scholars?

3. Based on the findings, what are the best study habits as perceived or
practiced by the top performing academic scholars?

Scope and Delimitations

The study will only focus on the study habits and its relation to the performance
of the students. However, it will exclude the grades of the students and will only be based
on their ranking.

In determining the common study habits, the study will employ the Palsane and
Sharma Study Habits and Inventory (PSSHI) which is a checklist used to assess

14
and organize the study habits of the students in terms of its domains including reading
textbooks taking notes, studying, memorizing, preparing for tests, and managing their time.
On the other hand, the impacts are the results from the study habits employed by the
students.

The study will be conducted through utilizing a checklist and questionnaires.

The following participants for the study will be delimited to the Top Performing Academic
Scholars in the Senior High School Department's Grade 11 STEM from the Academic Year
2022-2023. The Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue campus of the University of Cebu will be the
site of this undertaking.

Significance of the Study

The study is conducted to provide information regarding the impact of the study
habits of academic scholars in the senior high school department of University of Cebu-
Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue in A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue City. This study will be
beneficial to the following group of people:

The Academic Scholars. Academic scholars are the benefactors of the study of the
research as the research explores how their study habits affect their academic
performance.

The Students. They will be aware of the usefulness of study habits and use them to
develop their own study habits to achieve academic success.

The School Administration. School administrators can provide valuable insights into
the scholars’ learning process, which can be used to bring curriculum development.

The Teachers. The study will be able to identify and address areas for improvement in

15
their teaching styles that align with the scholars’ study habits.

The Parents. The parents understand their children’s learning styles and provide them
an environment where they can practice these study habits effectively.

The Future Researchers. Future researchers may use this as a function for their
references and to contribute in expanding new knowledge in relation to the study.

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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This part of the study consists of the different elements of the research
methodology which includes the research design, environment, key informants,
instruments, procedure, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This research study will employ the case study design to further explore the
impact of the study habits towards the academic performance of the academic scholars.
The case study is a research methodology that is flexible in respect of the types of
questions that can be answered, as well as the methods that can be applied in the data
collection (Pearson, 2015).

According to Heale & Twycross (2017), case study is described as a search that
is intensive and systematic towards a person, group or community or some other unit to
examine in-depth data that relates to the variables of the study. Case studies also allow
the researcher to study a complex phenomenon, then narrow them down to create research
questions that are manageable.

This study also adopted a mixed-method design as the research includes the
use of a statistical tool. A study by Sharma, L. R., et al. (2023) stated that mixed-method
research design combines quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of
investigations. When examining complex research problems that cannot be fully
addressed by a single study design, this design can be especially useful. Additionally, a
mixed methods design is required to study the interactions between several factors
because doing so just through a single research methodology is not practical.

17
Research Environment

This study is being conducted to determine the study habits and the impacts
these habits bring towards the academic scholars’ performance at the University of Cebu-
Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue (UCLM) during the second semester of the school year 2022-
2023.

The University was founded in the year 1964 by Atty. Augusto W. Go. In May
1995, a satellite campus of UC was opened in the vicinity of Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue.
UCLM is a university that is dedicated to provide students with an education that is built
on the values of humanity, nationalism, and academic success. It is an institution in Cebu
that values accessibility to quality education for all; its gates welcome deserving students
into its scholarship and study grant programs, resulting in the university graduating a
sizable number of grant recipients and scholars.

The picture below shows the aerial view of the school campus.

Figure 1. Geographic Location of the Study

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Research Key Informants

The informants of this study are fulfilled by the University of Cebu-Lapu-

Lapu and Mandaue’s academic scholars from the academic track Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) during the second semester of the academic
year 2022-2023. However, out of all academic scholars, the researchers will only allow
scholars from Grade 11 STEM to participate in this undertaking.

Furthermore, the study will select five (5) students to participate in this case
and mixed-method study so the researchers can gather more in-depth data. The scholars
are selected with the approval from the coordinator of the scholarship office.

The participants are determined through the use of the non-probability

sampling, specifically purposive sampling. Purposive sampling requires identifying and
selecting individuals or groups of individuals that possess enough knowledge or
experience with a phenomenon of interest (Creswell & Clark, 2011). Researchers also
chose this technique where we obtain the representative sample by sound judgment
since it saves more time and money (Black, 2010).

Research Instrument

The researcher plans to gather data on the study habits of the top performing
academic scholars and its impact on their academic performance using a semi-structured
survey questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of a well-organized set of questions that
have been meticulously crafted to elicit information and are meant to be answered by the
top performing academic scholars about their study habits and its impacts on their
academic performance. The researcher wants one (1) participant every interview.

19
 This approach is implemented to encourage participants to provide detailed
responses and to facilitate the asking of additional questions related to their answers in
the questionnaire. This is also carried out to ensure that the researcher can explain each
question in simple words, in case any participants encounter difficulties in understanding
it.

Self-assessment skills tool, developed and standardized by Palsane and

Sharma, was used in this study for assessing the study habits of the top performing
academic scholars. Palsane and Sharma Study Habits and Inventory (PSSHI), is a self-
assessment questionnaire which consists of six domains, namely: reading textbooks,
taking notes, studying, memorizing, preparing for tests, and managing your time. Each
domain has 5 statements and a total of 30 statements in the tool. Options given for each
statement are rarely, sometimes, and often. Necessary instructions were given prior to the
administration of the test and the participants were given enough time to mark their
responses against each questionnaire.

Research Procedure

Data Gathering

Phase 1: In order to conduct the study, a letter will be drafted and submitted to
the principal of the Senior High School.

Phase 2: Once the letter is approved, the researcher will approach the desired
participants and seek their informed consent.

Phase 3: Upon receiving consent from the participants, the researcher will
distribute the questionnaires.

Phase 4: After distributing the questionnaires, participants will be given

sufficient time to complete them.

20
 The researcher will collect the questionnaires, ensuring the accuracy of the responses and
the retrieval rate.

Phase 5: The researcher will maintain strict confidentiality and assume full
responsibility for all collected materials containing the data. Following that, the gathered
data will undergo a methodical assessment and be organized in preparation for data
analysis.

Data Analysis

The study will utilize SPSS Statistics 13 software for statistical analysis used
in a study by V, Sreelekha & Indla (2015). The research will utilize a thematic analysis
approach to analyze the data. Initially, the gathered data will be transcribed and
thoroughly examined to develop a thorough understanding of the participants’ study
habits and how it affects their academic performance. Following this, the data will be
organized through coding, where key themes and patterns will be identified and labeled.
By analyzing the coded data, relationships and connections between different themes will
be explored, providing insights into the factors that contribute to high academic
performance among the participants. The researcher will ensure that the data is consistent
by cross-verifying the interpretations and conclusions or by seeking feedback and input
from the participants themselves or consulting colleagues to ensure accuracy and
minimizing any potential biases. Finally, the conclusions will be drawn by interpreting
and synthesizing the findings from the data analysis. The research findings will be
reported in a comprehensive and clear manner to contribute to the existing knowledge on
study habits of the top performing academic scholars and its impact on academic
performance.

21
Ethical Considerations

This study will be conducted in adherence to the ethical standards and protocols
set forth by the University of Cebu. Before participants complete the questionnaire, they
will be asked to provide their consent through a consent form. The consent form will
include information about the study’s purpose, how the participants' anonymity will be
protected, and how the data collected will be used. In addition, approval for the study will
be sought from the senior high school principal and the ethics committee of the University
of Cebu. This is to ensure that the study participants are protected, by following these
procedures and ethical guidelines, the study can gather accurate and reliable data while
ensuring the safety and confidentiality of the respondents.

22
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Below are the simplified technical terms employed in this project for further
comprehension.

Study Habits- it is how one studies and plays a crucial role in determining his or her
level of academic achievement.

Academic Scholars- they are individuals who has obtained or is a holder of a

scholarship due to their academic achievements or other criteria that may include
financial need, for the purpose of schooling.

Academic Performance- it is a component of academic success. It is a measurement

of student achievement across various academic subjects.

Reading textbooks- it is one of the domains or the study habits of the Palsane and
Sharma Study Habits and Inventory (PSSHI) questionnaire where the student reads
textbooks to gain more comprehension of the lessons.

Taking notes- one of the domains or the study habits found in the PSSHI
questionnaire. It is the act of summarizing what you are hearing that helps you understand
and remember the information later.

Studying- it is the act of reading carefully with the intent to remember and acquire

knowledge on a subject.

23
 Memorizing- to learn something so that you will remember its content exactly the

way it is.

Preparing for tests- it is the preparation done to appear for any standardized test

such as studying, organizing, and making a revision schedule.

24
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 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Transmittal Letter

A. Transmittal Letter Addressed to the Principal

May 26, 2023

MS. GLORIA P. DANIEGA

Principal, Basic Education Department

University of Cebu-Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

A.C Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

Dear Ma’am,

Good day to you!

We, the researchers, from Grade 11 STEM P-7 are currently working on our study entitled
“Study Habits of the Top Performing Academic Scholars: Its Impact to their Academic
Performance”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Practical Research 1, spearheaded by
Ms. Erna B. Sagnoy, our research instructor.

The goals of our study is to determine the common study habits of the top performing
academic scholars from Grade 11 Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM),
explore the impacts of these habits to the academic performance of the students, as well as provide
the best study habits that the students can apply to obtain academic success.

In this respect, we ask for your approval to conduct our research project here in the
University of Cebu-Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue. It is rest assured that we will perform our research
in accordance with the rules and regulations of the university regarding conducting research.

29
 We are hoping for a favorable response from you. Thank you.

Sincerely yours,

Apa, Joshua G.
Mauro, Laurice Faith B.
Ramos, Mel Caesar P.
Taporoc, CJ A.
Viño, Kemp Windel L.

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Erna B. Sagnoy Ms. Gloria P. Daniega

Research Instructor Principal, Basic Education Department

30
 B. Transmittal Letter Addressed to the Scholarship Office Coordinator

May 26, 2023

MS. ANABELLA G. HISULA, RCrim

Scholarship Office Coordinator

University of Cebu-Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

A.C Cortes Ave., Looc, Mandaue City, Cebu

Dear Madam,

Greetings!

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 1, we, the

researchers from Grade 11 STEM-P7 under the Senior High School Department, request
for your approval to allow us to conduct our research paper regarding the "Study Habits
of the Top Performing Academic Scholars: Its Impact to their Academic
Performance", to five (5) Grade 11 academic scholars from the STEM track as our key
informants in our case study.

We would like to request for information regarding profiles and the ranking of
the selected Grade 11 STEM scholars. Furthermore, we would like to involve them in our
study through interview questionnaires for our study essentially requires their participation
and answers.

31
 This study is done to determine the common study habits of the academic
scholars and its impacts to the performance of the scholars. It is with confidence to state

that our study would be a great benefit to all the students, particularly the scholars, since it
would help them to acquire study habits that are effective and helpful in achieving their
academic pursuits.

If you will grant our request, we will comply with any of the terms and
restrictions you may pose on us. Here’s trusting that this request will merit your favorable
action.

Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Apa, Joshua G.
Mauro, Laurice Faith B.
Ramos, Mel Caesar P.
Taporoc, CJ A.
Viño, Kemp Windel L.

Noted by: Approved by:

Ms. Erna B.Sagnoy Ms. Anabella G. Hisula, RCrim

Research Instructor Scholarship Office Coordinator

32
 APPENDIX B: Consent Letter

We, the researchers from the Senior High School STEM students of the
University of Cebu, Lapu-Lapu, and Mandaue Campus, would like to sincerely
acknowledge your presence to participate in a research study. Involvement in the study is
voluntary, and you are entitled to your right to decide if you will participate in the study or
not. Moreover, you may approach us anytime if you have any questions and clarifications
about the study.

I, _____________________, agree to participate in the research project about

the study habits of the top performing scholars and its impacts to their academic
performance, performed by the researchers who have a thorough explanation of the
research project with me.

I have read the information letter and obtained a copy of it. The researchers also
gave me the chance to ask questions concerning this research project and have received
detailed responses. I understand the general objectives, risks, and methods of this research.

I give my full consent to contribute in the research project and the following has
been explained to me:

Participant Status. An informed consent form describing the study's purpose will be
presented to them, so they will be aware of their rights if they ever decide to participate in
this study. The participation of the informants is voluntary, and their consent will be
validated through their signatures found on the consent form.

Study Goal. The researchers will inform the informants about the study's purpose and goals
so they will be made aware of the general idea of the study.

33
Type of Data. The informants will be informed about the sort of information that will be
collected from them, such as the study habits they utilize and the impacts their habits have
brought to their performance.

Procedures. They will be made aware that the data gathering will be done through the
study habits checklist, while the interview questionnaire is utilized to identify the impacts
of the study habits to the performance of the students. For the safety of the informants, their
responses and profiles will be carefully protected by keeping them strictly confidential.

Nature of Commitment. The researchers will adjust to informants’ availability and the
best time for them to respond to all of the questionnaires found in the study.

Sponsorship. The researchers will take charge of all the costs spent with the study.

Participants Selection. The study utilizes a purposive sampling and will take five (5)
participants to be involved in the project.

Potential Risks. At the time of this study's completion, no major risks will have been
occurred.

Potential Benefits. One of the potential benefits the informants can receive is the capacity
to help the researchers give out the best habits that must be employed.

Alternatives. The participants will be provided with physical copies of the questionnaires.

Incentives and Compensation. A word of gratitude and appreciation will be given to the
informants for their time and participation for the questionnaires through giving out fifty
pesos cash to each of them.

34
Confidentiality Pledge. The informants will be made aware at first that their privacy will
be protected throughout the entire process of executing the data gathering. The majority of
the participants who agreed to remain anonymous will have their information protected.

Confidentiality Procedures. Confidentiality is a commitment that any information

provided by the informants will not be publicly published in a way that it would be easy
for them to be identified. To prevent that from transpiring, the selected five (5) scholars
from Grade 11 STEM will pick the interview date and time. As the study progresses, the
detected material will be kept in a secured file. Only the researchers will have access to the
files and will not entrust these to anyone else. The transcribed and soft copies of the data
will be deleted, and hard copies of the file will be shredded to protect the informants'
confidentiality.

Authorization to Access Private Information. The consent form provided permission to

access private information disclosed by informants. Information that might jeopardize the
informants' integrity will be kept in strict confidence.

Voluntary Consent. The participants possess the right to decide if they want to participate
in the study or not. Anyone who refuses to provide their consent shall not give them any
penalty.

Right to Withdraw and withhold Information. Informants are notified at first that they
have the option to withdraw information or refuse to participate in the study if they need to
due to particular reasons.

Contact Information. For further questions, clarifications, and information, the research
informants may approach the researchers.

• University Of Cebu - Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

• A. C. Cortes Ave, Mandaue City, 6014 Cebu
• (032) 345 6666

35
The researchers’ contact information:

- Joshua G. Apa
joshuaapa@gmail.com
09487412439

- Laurice Faith B. Mauro

lauricemauro@gmail.com
09694096200

- Mel Caesar P. Ramos

ramoscaesar21@gmail.com
09106269803

- CJ A. Taporoc
taporoccj@gmail.com
09267279356

- Kempwindel L. Viño
kempvino09@gmail.com
09560373489

In addition, I consent to:

• Audio-visual recording of any part of or all research activities (if applicable)

• Publication of results from this study on the condition that my personal
information will not be revealed.

36
________________________________________________________________________

Name of participant

_________________________________ __________________________

Signature of participant Date

________________________________________________________________________

Name of investigator

_________________________________ __________________________

Signature of investigator Date

37
 APPENDIX C: Survey Questionnaire

Dear respondents,
Thank you for spending your time answering our survey questionnaires regarding
the topic “Study Habits of the Top Performing Academic Scholars: Its Impact to their
Academic Performance”. Rest assured that the information you will be giving will remain
confidential. Lastly please answer the following question honestly.

NAME (optional): _____________________________ SECTION: ________________

AGE: ________________________________________ AGE: ____________________

Section 1.1: Answer the following questions as honestly as possible.

1. What study method do you find most effective for understanding complex
concepts?
_______________________________________________________________
2. Do you prefer studying alone or in a group? Please explain your choice.
_______________________________________________________________
3. How do you prioritize your study tasks and manage your time effectively to
ensure all subjects receive adequate attention?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Do you have a specific study schedule or routine that you follow consistently?
If yes, please provide a brief overview.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Do you believe that your study habits have a direct impact on your academic
performance? Please explain your viewpoint.
_______________________________________________________________

38
 Section 1.2: Read the sentences that correlate to each number in the following list, then
put a check mark (✓) that best represents your response. Please reply with
the utmost sincerity and honesty.
Reading Text Books Rarely Sometimes Often
1 I browse the headings, pictures, charts, questions, and
summaries before I start reading a chapter.
2 I make questions from a chapter before, during, and after
reading it.
3 I try to get the meaning of new words as I see them for the
first time.
4 I look for familiar concepts as well as ideas that spark my
interest as I read.
5 I look for the main ideas as I read.
Taking Notes Rarely Sometimes Often
6 I take notes as I read my text books.
7 I take notes during class lectures.
8 I rework, rewrite, or type up my notes.
9 I compare my notes with a classmate.
10 I try to organize main ideas and details into a meaningful
method.
Studying Rarely Sometimes Often
11 I study where it is quiet and has few distractions.
12 I study for a length of time then take a short break before
returning to studying.
13 I have all my supplies handy when I study, such as pens,
paper, and calculator.
14 I set study goals, such as the number of problems I will do
or pages I will read.
15 I study at least two hours for every hour I am in class every
week.
39
Memorizing Rarely Sometimes Often
16 I try to study during my personal peak energy time to
increase my concentration level.
17 I quiz myself over material that could appear on future
exams and quizzes.
18 I say difficult concepts out loud in order to understand them
better.
19 I summarize my notes into my own words, for better
understanding.
20 I try to create associations between new material I am trying
to learn and information I already know.
Preparing for tests Rarely Sometimes Often
21 I study with a classmate or group.
22 When I don’t understand something, I get help from tutors,
classmates, and my teachers.
23 I do all homework assignments and turn them in on time.
24 I can easily identify what I have learned and what I have not
yet learned before I take a test.
25 I anticipate what possible questions may be asked on my
tests and make sure I know the answers.
Managing your time Rarely Sometimes Often
26 I use a planner (or other method) to write down upcoming
academic and personal activities.
27 I use a “to do” list to keep track of completing my academic
and personal activities.
28 I start studying for quizzes and tests at least several days
before I take them.
29 I start papers and projects as soon as they are assigned.
30 I have enough time for college and fun.

40
 APPENDIX D: Location Map

Figure 1. Geographic Location of the Study

41
 APPENDIX E: BIONOTE

Joshua G. Apa is a Grade 11

STEM student who was born on May 30,
2006. He is currently enrolled at the
University of Cebu-Lapu-Lapu and
Mandaue. He completed his Junior High
School education with Honors in Mactan
National High School, where it proved that
he is a motivated and ambitious student.

Prior to that, he completed his Elementary

education at Mactan Elementary School where he received excellent awards such as Best
in Mathematics, Most Punctual and Courteous Kid Award. With his exceptional drive and
unwavering determination, Joshua is a remarkable individual who serves as an inspiration
to their peers and the wider school community.

Laurice Faith B. Mauro is a 16-year-

old Grade 11 student who was born on August
26, 2006. She is currently studying at the
University of Cebu- Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue
(UCLM ) under the Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
academic track. She completed Junior High
School at Saint Alphonsus Catholic School
and graduated Elementary School at Larmen
De Guia Memorial College (LGMC).

42
 Laurice is described as hardworking, creative, and collaborative with others. She is an
academically focused student and involves herself with many extracurricular activities such
as clubs that focus on societal issues and literature and monthly competitions. She was also
given awards such as Best Artist, Best in Spelling, Top 3 and 2 during her Elementary
years, and recently, the Alphonsian Academic Citation Award. She is determined to
continuously strive for growth and improvement not only as a Senior High School student,
but also as a person with refined characteristics, talents, and values. Laurice hopes to pursue
her dream college program, BA International Relations at the University of San Carlos
after she graduates from Senior High School.

Mel Caesar P. Ramos is a 17-year-old

Filipino Grade 11 student, currently studying
at University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and
Mandaue pursuing the strand Science
Technology Engineering Mathematics. He
graduated Elementary at Blessed Trinity
Elementary School and Junior High School at
Blessed Trinity College. Ramos as a person
can be described in three words; kind,
responsible and goal-driven.

A responsible son to his parents, and his studies, kind with those people around him and
most importantly, works hard to achieve his goals in life. He also believed in the saying,
“Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal”. That’s
why he sets his eyes on his goal clearly, as he wants to fly to the skies when he’ll become
a Pilot someday.

43
 CJ A. Taporoc is a 16-year-old student
in Grade 11, born on June 27, 2006. He is
pursuing his studies at the University of
Cebu- Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue (UCLM) in
the Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics (STEM) academic track. He
finished his Junior High School education at
Our Lady of Rule Catholic School Inc. and
completed Elementary School at
Consolacion Central School.

CJ is recognized as a diligent, imaginative, and cooperative individual. Alongside his

commitment to academic excellence, he actively engages in various extracurricular
activities. He is dedicated to personal growth and endeavors to enhance not only his skills
and talents but also his values and character as a Senior High School student. With
aspirations of becoming an engineer, He is driven to pursue his dream career and build a
successful portfolio in that field.

Kempwindel L. Viño is a 16-year old

who was born on July 27, 2006. He is a
Senior High School student who is currently
studying at the University of Cebu-Lapu-
Lapu and Mandaue. Throughout his primary
school years, he often received honors at
Lapu-Lapu City Central elementary School,
where it was demonstrated that he is a
diligent learner. He completed primary
school and was given

44
commendable accolades for his performance in subjects such as Science, English, and
Mathematics. Kemp is a fantastic person that inspires their friends and the larger school
community with his persistent tenacity.

45