Hydrated and anhydrous compounds practical

Done by: Maryam Jamal Al-Shuaaibi

Aim: The number of moles of water per mole of hydrated copper sulfate can be found by the
study + removing H2O from CuSO4 by evaporation.

Equipment list :
 Crucible
 2g of hydrated copper sulfate
 Weighing scale
 Tripod
 Bunsen burner
 Goggles
 Lab coat

Method :
i. Weigh the empty crucible and then weigh into it 2 grams of hydrated copper sulfate. Record all
weighing is accurate to the nearest 0.01 g.
ii. Support the crucible securely in the tripod over the busman burner.
iii. Heat the crucible and contents, gently at first, over a medium Bunsen flame, so that the water of
crystallization is driven off steadily. The blue color of the hydrated compound should gradually fade
to the grayish white of anhydrous copper sulfate. Avoid overheating, which may cause further
decomposing, and stop heating immediately if the color starts to blacken. If overheated, toxic or
corrosive fumes may evolve. The total heating time is about 10 minutes should be enough.
iv. Allow the crucible and contents to cool. The tongs may be used to move the hot crucible from the
tripod onto the heat resistant mat where it should cool more rapidly.
v. Reweigh the crucible and contents once cold.
vi. Calculation:
 Calculate the molar mass of water and anhydrous copper sulfate.
 Calculate the mass of water driven off, and the mass of anhydrous copper sulfate that was formed,
 Calculate the number of moles in anhydrous copper sulfate.
 Calculate the number of moles in water driven off.
 Calculate how many moles of water would have been driven off in 1 mole of anhydrous copper
sulfate had been formed.
Before:
Experiment 1 Experiment 2
Mass of crucible 56g 56g
Mass of crucible with salt 58g 58g
Mass of salt 2g 2g
Experiment1 Experiment2 Mean mass
 Mass of anhydrous 58-57.2=0.8g 58-57.4=0.6g 0.8+0.6/2=0.7
salt
Mass of water loss 2-0.8=1.2g 2-0.6=1.4g 1.2+1.4/2=1.3
After:
= CuSO4 5 H2O

Communication: In this experiment, I worked independently to ensure the

accuracy of my results.
Conclusion: In conclusion, CuSO4.5H2O is the empirical formula for hydrated
copper sulfate. We learned that we were able to calculate the moles during an
experiment as well.
Hydration and Dehydration: The bright blue color and crystal form of the hydrous
copper sulfate, CuSO4•5H2O, showed that it had five water molecules (H2O) in its
structure. It lost its water molecules through a process of evaporation when heated.
It changed into the white substance known as anhydrous copper sulfate.

Color Change: The color of hydrous copper sulfate was blue, and the anhydrous
copper sulfate was white. The presence or absence of water molecules in the
substance can be determined with this color shift.

Endothermic and Exothermic: The Experiment results show that the dehydration of
hydrous copper sulfate is an endothermic process. On the other hand, an
exothermic reaction happened when anhydrous copper sulfate was exposed to
water, releasing heat as it absorbed water molecules to become hydrous.

Hazard hydrous and anhydrous copper sulfate

Risks irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system
Procedur immediately wash the affected area or seek a medical
e attention