Radiation Therapy Machine

Defination
Radiation therapy machine.” Radiation therapy machines “are medical devices used in cancer treatment.
They deliver high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy
tissues.

INTRODUCTION
Radiation therapy machines. It also be shown in below figure.

Figure 1: image of radiation therapy machine

Most common types of radiation therapy machines

One of the most common types of radiation therapy machines is the linear accelerator (LINAC).
A linear accelerator is a tool in the field of radiation therapy. It produce high-energy X-rays or electrons
that are precisely directed at cancerous tumors. LINACs are versatile and can be used for various types of
external beam radiation therapy.

Important parts of machine

 X-rays tube
 ceiling or floor mount for the X ray tube
 Target cooling system
 X ray power generator

 Shown in figures

Figure 2: x-ray tube Figure 3: ceiling or floor mount for the X ray tube

Figure 4: console controller Figure 5:linear accelerator (LINAC).

Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Uses

1. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

2. Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT
3. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
4. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT
 5. 4D Radiation Therapy

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

This technique allows for the precise adjustment of radiation intensity to conform to the shape of the
tumor, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT

LINACs are often equipped with imaging systems, such as CT or MRI, to provide real-time imaging
during treatment, ensuring accurate tumor targeting.

Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (Stereotactic SBRT)

These techniques use highly focused and precise radiation beams to treat small tumors or lesions, often in
the brain or lungs.

4D Radiation Therapy
LINACs can also track tumor motion during the breathing cycle, allowing for more accurate treatment of
tumors affected by respiratory motion.

ECG OR EKG MACHINE

DEFINATOIN
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical signal from the heart to check for different
heart conditions. Electrodes are placed on the chest to record the heart's electrical signals, which cause the
heart to beat.

INTRODUCTION
The difference between and ECG and EKG
There is no difference between an ECG and an EKG. Both refer to the same procedure, however one is in
English (electrocardiogram – ECG) and the other is based on the German spelling (elektrokardiogramm –
EKG)

The different types of ECGs:

 Resting 12-lead ECG.
  Exercise ECG.
 Holter Monitor.

Figure 6:ECG MACHINE

WORKING OF ECG OR EKG MACHINE

Electrodes are placed on the chest to record the heart's electrical signals, which cause the heart to beat.
The signals are shown as waves on an attached computer monitor or printer. If the test is normal, it should
show that your heart is beating at an even rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute. Many different heart
conditions can show up on an ECG, including a fast, slow, or abnormal heart rhythm, a heart defect,
coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, or an enlarged heart. It can also be shown in figure.

Figure 7: graph and ecg working

Portable EKG machine
Portable machine we can carry any where and use with out doctor but it have some draw back .Its not
100% accurate and precise. It can also be
shown in figure.

Figure 8:portable ECG

NORAML GRAPH FOR

NORMAL HUMAN

Figure 9:NORAML GRAPH

COMPONENT OF ECG
1. Electrodes
2. Lead Wires
3. Amplifiers
4. Signal Processing Unit
5. Display Unit
6. Recording Device
7. Controls and User Interface
8. Power Supply
9. Accessories and Optional Features
10. Patient Cable
11. Grounding and Safety Features

PRINCIPLE OF ECG
Electrocardiography (ECG) involves measuring the heart's electrical activity via skin electrodes. This
activity, generated by the heart's conduction system, creates voltage differences. ECG machines amplify
and process these signals, representing them as waves on paper or screens. Healthcare professionals
interpret these waveforms to diagnose heart conditions. ECG is vital for diagnosing arrhythmias, heart
attacks, and other cardiac issues during routine check-ups and medical procedures.

Future trends in ECG technology and its role in healthcare are expected to include:

1. Miniaturization: Smale wearable ECG devices for continuous monitoring.

2. Telehealth: ECG data transmission for remote patient monitoring.
3. AI Integration: Enhanced ECG analysis with AI algorithms.
4. Personalized Medicine: Tailored treatments based on individual ECG profiles.
5. Preventive Cardiology: Routine ECG screenings for early disease detection.
6. Data Analytics: Population health insights from ECG data.
7. Interoperability: Seamless data sharing between healthcare systems.
8. Smartphones: Integration of ECG tech into mobile apps.
9. Expanded Applications: ECG used beyond cardiology.
10. Ethical Considerations: Addressing privacy and ethical concerns in data use.