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Chuyên Đề 21 Reported Speech
Chuyên Đề 21 Reported Speech
Chuyên Đề 21 Reported Speech
REPORTES SPEECH
A. LÍ THUYẾT
Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp.
a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi;
không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.
b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi,
thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.
I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi
II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
DIRECT INDIRECT
Simple present - V1 /Vs(es) Simple past – V2 / V-ed
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P Past perfect – had + P.P
Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing
Simple past – V2 / -ed Past perfect – had + P.P
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing
Simple future – will + V Future in the past - would + V
Future progressive will be + V-ing Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing
III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT INDIRECT
Now Then
Here There
This That
These Those
Today That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Last year The year before / the previous year
Tomorrow The following day / the next day / the day after
Next month The following month / the next month / the month after
Ago Before
BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ
Subject Object Adjective possessive
I me My
You you your
He him his
She her her
It it its
We us our
They them their
CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị
- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Direct: S + V + O: “V + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her ------------------------------------
- Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher -------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Câu trần thuật
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------------
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that) -------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Câu hỏi
a. Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary -------------------------------
“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan ------------------------------------------------
b. Wh – question
Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V + O ?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V2/ed + O.
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ He asked me -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyên từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1. Nam said: "I am told to be at school before 7 o'clock".
....................................................................................................................................................................
2. Thu said: "All the students will have a meeting next week".
....................................................................................................................................................................
3. Phong said: “My parents are very proud of my good marks".
....................................................................................................................................................................
4. The teacher said: "All the homework must be done carefully".
....................................................................................................................................................................
5. Her father said to her: "You can go to the movie with your friend".
....................................................................................................................................................................
6. "Do you enjoy reading?", Phong asked Peter.
....................................................................................................................................................................
7. "Do your sister and brother go to the same school?", she asked Nam.
....................................................................................................................................................................
8. "Are there any oranges in the fridge?", she asked her mom.
....................................................................................................................................................................
9. "Were you reading this book at 8 o'clock last Sunday?", she asked Ba.
....................................................................................................................................................................
10. "Will it rain tomorrow morning?", he asked his friend.
....................................................................................................................................................................
11. "Where does your father work?" the teacher asked me.
....................................................................................................................................................................
12. "How many people are there in your family?" she asked Lan.
....................................................................................................................................................................
13. Tam's friend asked him: "How long will you stay in England?"
....................................................................................................................................................................
14. The teacher said to Lien: "What's your hobby?"
....................................................................................................................................................................
15. "How do you go to the airport?" his friend asked him.
....................................................................................................................................................................
16. "I wish I hadn't gone to the party last night" she said.
....................................................................................................................................................................
17. " The Earth moves around the Sun", my teacher said.
....................................................................................................................................................................
18. Peter said: "I want to tell you the news. You must be surprised"
....................................................................................................................................................................
19. The woman said: “When I was walking on the pavement, a strange man stopped and asked me the
way to the nearest bank."
....................................................................................................................................................................
20. "How many lessons are you going to learn next month?", he asked me.
....................................................................................................................................................................
Exercise 3: Viết lại câu bằng cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1. She said to him: "Give me another glass of wine".
She told......................................................................................................................................................
2. She said to me: "Bring me a book".
She asked ....................................................................................................................................................
3. The mother said to him: "Open the window please!".
The mother told ..........................................................................................................................................
4. The captain said to them: "Wait here until I come back".
The captain asked ......................................................................................................................................
5. "Do come and enjoy tea with my family" she said.
She invited us .............................................................................................................................................
6. "Why don't we come to visit our teacher today?" he said.
He suggested...............................................................................................................................................
7. "My advice to you is to do morning exercises" she said.
She advised me ...........................................................................................................................................
8. "I'm sorry I broke the glass", said Peter.
Peter apologized ........................................................................................................................................
9. "Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?" he asked,
He suggested..............................................................................................................................................
10. "It's true that I broke your old vase", she said in tears.
She admitted ...............................................................................................................................................
11. "Don't move or I'll shoot", said the bank robber to the clerk.
The bank robber threatened ......................................................................................................................
12. "Don't forget to phone the police", she told him.
She reminded .............................................................................................................................................
13. "Don't swim out too far, boys", said the coach.
The coach warned.......................................................................................................................................
14. Linh said, "If my father repairs the bike now, I will ride the bike to school."
Linh said ....................................................................................................................................................
15. "I would have passed the exam if I had tried my best” Binh said.
Binh said ...................................................................................................................................................
Đáp án
Exercise 1
STT Đáp án Giải thích chi tiết
1 Nam said (that) he was told to be at Câu trần thuật trong câu trực tiếp sẽ đổi hiện tại đơn
school before 7 o'clock. thành quá khứ đơn trong câu gián tiếp và đổi "I
he".
2 Thu said (that) all the students would Câu trần thuật trong câu trực tiếp sẽ đổi tương lai đơn
have a meeting the next/following "will" thành "would" trong câu gián tiếp và “next
week. week the next/following week".
3 Phong said (that) his parents were Câu trần thuật trong câu trực tiếp sẽ đổi hiện tại đơn
very proud of his good marks. thành quá khứ đơn trong câu gián tiếp và đổi "my
his".
4 The teacher said (that) all the Câu trần thuật trong câu trực tiếp sẽ đổi "must"
home¬work had to be done carefully. “had to" trong câu gián tiếp khi nó diễn tả sự bắt
buộc.
5 Her father told her (that) she could go Câu trần thuật trong câu trực tiếp sẽ cần đổi "you
to the movie with her friend. she", "Your her", "Can could".
6 Phong asked Peter if he enjoyed Câu hỏi “yes/ no" nên ta dùng "if" hoặc "whether".
reading. Cần đổi "you he", hiện tại đơn quá khứ đơn
(enjoy enjoyed).
7 She asked Nam if his sister and Câu hỏi "yes/ no” nên ta dùng "if" hoặc “whether".
brother went to the same school Cần đổi "your his", hiện tại đơn quá khứ đơn
8 She asked her mom if there were some Câu hỏi "yes/ no" nên ta dùng "if" hoặc "whether".
oranges in the fridge. Cần đổi hiện tại đơn quá khứ đơn.
Any some.
9 She asked Ba if he had been reading Câu hỏi "yes/ no" nên ta dùng "if" hoặc "whether".
that book at 8 o'clock the previous Cần đổi "you he", quá khứ tiếp diễn quá khứ
Sunday. hoàn thành tiếp diễn, "this that, last Sunday
the previous Sunday"
10 He asked his friend if it would rain the Câu hỏi ẵMyes/ no" nên ta dùng "if" hoặc "whether"
following morning. Cần đổi "will would, tomorrow morning the
following morning".
11 The teacher asked me where my father Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thì ta theo công thức:
worked. từ để hỏi + S + V.
Cần đổi "your my", hiện tại đơn quá khứ đơn
12 She asked Lan how many people there Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thì ta theo công thức:
were in her family. từ để hỏi + S + V.
Cần đổi "your her, are were".
13 Tam's friend asked him how long he Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thì ta theo công thức: từ để hỏi +
would stay in England. S + V.
Cần đổi "you he, Will would".
14 The teacher asked Lien wriut her Câu hỏi có từ' để lìỏi thì ta theo công thức:
hobby was. từ để hỏi + S + V.
Cần đổi "your her", hiện tại đơn quá khứ đơn
15 His friend asked him how he went to Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thì ta theo công thức:
the airport. từ để hỏi + S + V.
Cần đổi hiện tại đơn quá khứ đơn, "you he"
16 She said she wished she hadn't gone to Câu trực tiếp là câu ước nên khi chuyển sang câu gián
the party the night before. tiếp không thay đổi thì động từ.
Cần đổi "I she, last night > the night before".
17 My teacher said (that) the Earth Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí hoặc một sự thật
moves around the Sun. hiển nhiên thì sẽ không thay đổi thì khi chuyển sang
gián tiếp.
18 Peter said (that) he wanted to tell me Câu trần thuật trong câu trực tiếp sẽ đổi hiện tại đơn
the news and 1 must be surprised. thành quá khứ đơn (want wanted) và đổi "I he,
you I" trong câu gián tiếp.
19 The woman said when she was Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp có sự kết hợp của thì
walking on the pavement, a strange quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn thì sẽ không thay
man stopped and asked her the way to đổi thì khi chuyển sang gián tiếp.
the nearest bank. Cần đổi "I she, me her".
20 He asked me how many lessons I was Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thì ta theo công thức: từ để
going to learn the following month. hỏi + S+ V
Cần đổi hiện tại tiếp diễn quá khứ tiếp diễn, "next
month the following month, you I".
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
BT 1:
1. Nam said that he had just received a postcard from his foreign friend.
2. Thu said that all the students would have a meeting the following week.
3. I told my teacher that I had forgot to do my homework.
4. Peter said that if he passed that test, his father would buy him a new skateboard.
5. Her father said to her that she could go to the movie with her firend.
6. Phong said that he was looking forward to his grandfather’s gift.
7. Minh said to me they would start collecting the data the next month.
8. She asked her mom if there were any oranges in the fridge.
9. She asked Ba if he was reading that book at 8 o’clock the Sunday before.
10. He asked his friend if it would rain the next morning.
11. She asked Nam if his sister and brother went to the same school.
12. He asked Nam if he had finished his task.
13. The boy asked me if I could lend him 10 pounds.
14. I asked John why he wasn’t looking for a job.
15. His friend asked him how he went to the airport.
16. I asked him whose car he had borrowed the night before.
17. The teacher asked me where my father worked.
18. Tam’s friend aksed him how long he would stay in England.
19. My doctor asked me what I had done to cope with my work stress.
20. He asked me how many lesson I was going to learn the next month.
BT 2:
1C 5D 9D 13D 17C
2C 6B 10B 14B 18B
3D 7C 11A 15C 19B
4C 8D 12A 16B 20D
BT 3:
1. The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form.
2. She told us to take off our shoes.
3. She told him to my his own business.
4. She told him to give her another glass of wine.
5. She asked me to bring her a book.
6. My mother told him to open the window.
7. The captain aksed them to wait there until he came back.
8. She invited us to do come and enjoy tea with her family.
9. She told him not to touch it.
10. He told me not to do that again.
11. He told her not to talk to him like that.
12. She warned him not to repair the
computer himself.
13. She told me not to let him in.
14. He begged her not to go out without him.
15. She told me not to forget her bag.
BT4:
1. to keep 6. not doing 11. disclosing
2. to stop 7. wearing 12. to kill
3. to give 8. to help 13. breaking
4. not to smoke 9. to abandon 14. to touch
5. to plant 10. to give 15. having
BT5:
1C 4D 7A 10A 13C
2A 5D 8B 11D 14C
3D 6C 9C 12B 15B