S.Y.B.Tech.

(Mechanical)
Fluid Mechanics
Fundamental Concepts

1. A body with a gravity force of 500 N with a flat surface area 0.2 m 2 slides down a
lubricated inclined plane making an angle of 300 with the horizontal. For a
viscosity of 0.1 Pa.s and body speed of 1 m/s determine the lubricated film
thickness.

2. A thin film of liquid flows down an inclined channel. The velocity distribution in
the flow is given by

1 2
𝑢= (ℎ − 𝑦 2 )𝜌𝑔 sin 𝛼
2𝜇

where, h = depth of flow, α = angle of inclination of the channel to the horizontal,

u = velocity at a depth h below the free surface, ρ = density of liquid, μ =
dynamic viscosity of the fluid. Calculate the shear stress: (a) at the bottom of the
channel (b) at mid-depth and (c) at the free surface. The coordinate y is
measured from the free surface along its normal.

3. The space between two large flat and parallel walls 20 mm apart is filled with a
liquid of absolute viscosity 0.8 Pa.s. Within this space a thin flat plate 200 mm ×
200 mm is towed at a velocity of 200 mm/s at a distance of 5 mm from one wall.
The plate and its movement are parallel to the walls. Assuming a linear velocity
distribution between the plate and the walls, determine the force exerted by the
liquid on the plate.

4. The lubricant has a kinematic viscosity of 2.8×10−5 m2/s and specific gravity of
0.92. If the mean velocity of the piston is 6 m/s, approximately what is the power
dissipated in friction?

5. A shaft with outside diameter of 18 mm turns at 20 revolutions per second inside

a stationary journal bearing 60 mm long. A thin film of oil 0.2 mm thick fills the
concentric annulus between the shaft and journal. The torque needed to turn the
shaft is 0.0036 N-m. Estimate the viscosity of the oil that fills the gap.

6. A shaft of 80 mm diameter rotates inside the sleeve 80.2 mm in diameter and

150 mm long at 1600 rpm. The clearance assumed uniform is filled with SAE 30
 oil of kinematic viscosity 2x 10-4 m2/s and specific gravity 0.88. Estimate the
resisting torque exerted by the oil and the power required to rotate the shaft.

7. A concentric cylinder viscometer may be

formed by rotating the inner member of a pair
of closely fitting cylinders (fig.1). The annular
gap is small so that a linear velocity profile will
exist in the liquid sample. Consider a
viscometer with an inner cylinder of 75 mm
diameter and 150 mm height, and a clearance
8.
gap width of 0.002 mm. A torque of 0.021N.m 9. Fig.1
is required to turn the inner cylinder at 100
rpm. Determine the viscosity of the liquid in
the clearance gap of the viscometer.

8. A uniform film of oil 0.13 mm thick separates two discs, each of 200 mm
diameter, mounted coaxially. Ignoring the edge effects, calculate the torque
necessary to rotate one disc relative to other at a speed of 7 rev/s, if the oil has a
viscosity of 0.14 Pa-s.

9. Two discs of 250 mm diameter are placed 1.5 mm apart and the gap is filled with
an oil. A power of 500 W is required to rotate the upper disc at 500 rpm while
keeping the lower one stationary. Determine the viscosity of the oil.

10. What is the approximate capillary rise of water in contact with air (surface
tension 0.073 N/m) in a clean glass tube of 5 mm in diameter? Assume contact
angle to be zero.

11. Find the change in volume of 1.00 m3 of water at 26.7°C when subjected to a
pressure increase of 2 MN/m2 (The bulk modulus of elasticity of water at 26.7°C
is 2.24 x 109 N/m2).

12. From the following test data, determine the bulk modulus of elasticity of water: at
3.5 MN/m2, the volume was 1.00 m3 and at 24 MN/m2, the volume was 0.99 m3.

13. A steel container expands in volume by 1% when pressure within it is increased

to 70 MPa. At std. pressure p = 101.3 kPa it holds 450 kg of water, ρ = 1000 kg/
m3 for K = 2.06 GPa. When the container is filed how many kg of water need to
be added to increase the pressure by 70 MPa.

14. Eight kilometers below the surface of the ocean the pressure is 100 MPa.
Determine the specific weight of sea water at this depth if the specific weight at
the surface is 10 kN/m3 and the average bulk modulus of elasticity of water is
2.30 GPa. Neglect the variation of g.