History of Earth through

Geological Time
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 11

Earth Science
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

01
Describe the history
02
Know what are the
of the earth through changes of earth
Geological time through time
Members
Prepared by:

Kier Chester Ledesma

Juliana Violanda
Michayla Mallo
History
The history of the Earth was recorded to be more
than 4.5 billion years. Various types of phenomena
and events is widely separated parts of the planet are
correlated using an internationally acceptable,
standardized time scale.
The study of fossils (paleontology), together with
other geological ang biological evidence, provided
information on the history of Earth and the
evolution of life. Fossils provide and supply
evidence about the relative ages of rock strata,
paleo-environments and evolution of life. The fossil
recird has been used to improve the world wide
geological time-scale.
The ideas of superposition and evolution provide
the basis of the geological time scale, and
was developed during a random fashion
(mostly in Europe) during the 19th century.
Types of Geological Time Scales
There are two geologic time scales;
Relative (chronostratigraphic)
Absolute (chronometric)

Relative age refers to the age of a rock layer (or the

fossils it contains) compared to other layerd.
Absolute age is a numeric age of a layer of rocks or
fossils. It is often determined by using radiometric
dating.
 The chronostratigraphic time
scale has evolved since the
mid-1800s and concern the
relative order of the strata.
Vital and important event in
its development were the
realization and assumptions
by English engineer and
geologist William Smith.
Scottish geologist James
Hutton discovered that an
Geological unconfirmity indicates a
Time significant gap in time.
Scales
The enumeration of these geologic time units
is predicted on stratigraphy, which refers to
the correlation and classification of rock
strata. The fossil forms that occur within the
rock, however, provide the chief means of
establishing and building a geologic time
scale, with the the timing of the emergence
and disappearance of widespread species
from the fossil record getting used to delineate
the beginnings and ending of ages, epochs,
periods, and other intervals.
One of the widely used standard charts
showing the relationships between the
numerous intervals of geologic time is
that the so called International
Chronostratigraphy Chart, which is
maintained by the International
Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)
When Earth's climate became hotter and drier,
rainforest collapsed triggieringthe age of reptiles.
Reptiles are differet from amphibians because they
lay their hard-shelled eggs on land. They easentially
adapted to the land by cutting all ties with the ocean
.Because reptiles evolved to dryland condition, they
gained a unique eco;ogical advantage.
As conditions changed, dinosaurs( also referred to as
terrible lizards)began to evolve. These repile-like
mammals had scarly skin and hatched eggs like reptiles.
Some dinosaurs adapted as herbivores and some as
carnivores. For subsequent 160 million years,dinasaurs
ware the dominant land vertebrates on Earth.
The age of conifers in the Mesozoic Era provided the
spread of seeded plants.Conifers store vast amounts of
carbon. As a result, oxygen content within the atmosphere
jumped to 35% compered to 21% today.In additional, they
providedhabitat, shelter and a source of food for specific
animal species to survive.
 the age of mammals and homo sapiens (66
million years ago — now)

Ultimately, the start of the cenozoic era

was the demise of dinosaur. After a 6-mile
wide asteroid hit Earth, a dust cloud
blocked the sun. This caused
temperatures to plummet which was the
heart of the damage from the Cretaceous-
Paleogene extinction of the dinosaurs.
Mammals existed long before the Cenozoiz Era, but
are kept in low numbers because dinosaurs
dominated the land. After the extinction of the
dinosaurs, this marked the Age of Mammals. When
dinosaurs were extinct, mammals dominated and
soon emerged as the largest land animals at this
point.
 Apes remained in trees for it is
where they get their primary
food source. Eventually, grass
began to spread and there
have been fewer trees. This
forced apes to steer down to
new food sources. With their
heads above the grass to
ascertain predators, apes
Apes evolved by walking on two
legs.
As the timeline to modern human evolution
begins, hominids were the early proto-
humans. In the stone age, early humans had
fire under control. This enabled them to cook
their food guving them more calories. So
humans have only existed for about 0.004%
of the age of the Earth.
KEYPOINTS
• The history of earth was recorded to be more than 4.5 BILLION YEARS

• The STUDY OF FOSSILS (paleontology) provides information on the history of

Earth and the evolution of life

• The FOSSIL RECORD has been used to improve the worldwide geological time
scale

• The ideas of SUPERPOSITION and EVOLUTION provide the basis of the geological
time scale and was developed during the 19TH CENTURY

• Two geological time scale: RELATIVE (chronostratigraphic), ABSOLUTE

(chronometric)

• RELATIVE refers to the age of rock layer (or the fossils it contains) compared to
other layers
• ABSOLUTE age is thr numeric age of a layer of rocks or fossils. It is often
determined by using radiometric dating

• CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC TIME SCALE has evolved since the mid-1800s

• Vital and important event in its development were the realizations and
assumptions by English engineer and geologist WILLIAM SMITH

• The enumeration of these geologic time units is predicted on STRATIGRAPHY —

refers to the correlation and classification of rock strata

• INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY CHART is widely used standard

charts showing the relationships between thr numerous intervals of geologic time
and it is maintained by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)
• The CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION was the most important and the largest
diversification of life in Earth's history.

• CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION started with the AGE of INVERTEBRATES

• The AGE OF AMPHIBIANS starts when Amphibians colonized the empty continent
of Gondwana

• The PALEOZOIC ERA ended with the most important extinction in the Earth's
history

• The PERMIAN-TRIASSIC EXTINCTION vanquished 96% of all marine species

• 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species were wiped out

• What triggers the AGE OF REPTILES is when the Earth's climate became hotter and
drier then rainforest collapsed
• REPTILES are different from amphibians because they lay their hard-shelled eggs
on land

• DINOSAURS began to evolve as condition changed

• Some dinosaurs adapted as harbivores and some as carnivores

• Dinosaurs were the dominant land vertebrates on Earth for subsequent 160
millions years

• The AGE OF CONIFERS in the Mesozoic Era provided the spread of seeded plants

• Pangea existed as one supercontinent in "The Age of Dinosaurs and Reptiles"

• The start of the CENOZOIC ERA was the demise of dinosaurs

• MAMMALS existed long before the Cenozoic Era, but are kept in low numberd
because dinosaurs dominated the land

• AGE OF MAMMALS is after thr extinction of the dinosaurs

• APES remained in trees for it us where they get theur primary food source. Apes
evolved by walking on two legs

• HOMINIDS were the early proto-humans as the timeline to modern human

evolution begins

• Humans have only existed for about 0.004% of the age of the Earth
QUIZ TIME!
Total of 20 points
 Identification (5 ITEMS)

• has been used to improve the worldwide geological time

scale.
• the most important and the largest diversification of life in
Earth's history.
• refers to the age of rock layer (or the fossils it contains)
compared to other layers.
• They are different from amphibians because they lay their
hard-shelled eggs on land.
• Humans have only existed for about _.___% of the age of the
Earth
 Enumeration (5 ITEMS)
1-2. Two types of Geological Time Scale
3-4. Two basis of the geological time scale and was
developed during the 19TH CENTURY
5. Give at least 1 Era

Essay (5 points)
(Minimum: 1 sentence)

How important Paleontology is?

Congratulations!
You did well

Quote of the day:

"Never give up work. Work gives you
meaning and purpose and life is empty
without it."
- Stephen Hawking.
THANK YOU
Prepared by: Group 11