FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Term 2 / 1st Semester / YEAR 2023-2024

SECONDARY 5
Subject: BIOLOGY - GENERAL
Topic: GAS EXCHANGE

1. State the answer of each statement below [@1].

a. Hair like filaments that move in coordinated waves to propel mucus and trapped
particles out of the respiratory system.
a. A thin, leaf-shaped structure that helps food glide from the mouth to the oesophagus
while sealing off the lower respiratory tract at the same time.
c. The terminal end of the respiratory tract consists of grape-like clusters of where gas
exchange occurs with the bloodstream.
d. A term used to describe a breathing of someone else’s cigarette smoke.
e. Phagocytic white blood cells that patrols the passageway of the human airways.

2. The figure shows the human gas exchange system and other related components.
i. a. State the labelled parts of human respiratory system
[@1]
b. State the functions of A, B, F [@1]
c. Describe the function of ringed cartilage in the gas
exchange [1]
d. State which part of the lung has three lobes [1]
e. Explain possible reasons for a long term effect to
human health if a person is most likely breathing
through his oral cavity [2]
ii. The diagram shows the cellular structures in human
respiratory tract.
a. State the cellular structures labelled X and Y [2]
b. Explain the roles of cells X and Y in the gas exchange
system [2].

SEC5_BIOLOGY GENERAL_FA_S1_T2_QS_2324
3. The diagram shows a structure of an alveolus.
a) Label the basic structure of alveolus and
constituent structures A- C [@1].
b) Explain how alveolus is adapted to its function.
[2]
c. State the gas in the diagram with a black arrow.
[1]
d) Explain how oxygen is absorbed in the alveolus
[3]
e. State a particular stage of respiration that is
shown in the diagram [1]

4. The diagram shows the breathing mechanism of respiratory system.

a. State which diagram shows that oxygen will enter the respiratory tract [1]
b. Explain how structures in diagram R helps in breathing mechanism [4]
c. Describe the relationship between the lung volume and air pressure in breathing
mechanism [1].

SEC5_BIOLOGY GENERAL_FA_S1_T2_QS_2324
5. The table shows the percentage of haemoglobin which is inactivated by CO present in the
blood of taxi drivers in a city.
City Taxi Drivers Percentage of Hb Inactivated by CO
Daytime Drivers Non – smokers 2.3
Smokers 5.8
Night – time Drivers Non – Smokers 1.0
Smokers 4.4
a. Suggest two sources of the CO inhaled by these taxi drivers [2]
b. Some daytime drivers have 5.8% of their haemoglobin (Hb) affected. Using
information from the table, explain which source contributes most to this effect
[2]

c. Suggest a reason for the differences, shown in the table, between daytime and
night-time drivers. [1]

d. fill in the table to complete the information about the substances present in
tobacco.[@1]

Chemical Substances Effect to respiratory Tract

a. Competes with oxygen to hb
Tar b.
c. Addictive substance
e. State the disease that damage and obstruct the airways [1]

SEC5_BIOLOGY GENERAL_FA_S1_T2_QS_2324