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Geotech Report Plot # 3346-7-Y-7
Geotech Report Plot # 3346-7-Y-7
PREPARED FOR
We are pleased to enclose two copies of the subject report which includes field as well as
laboratory determinations of soil characteristics and foundation design recommendations.
It is hoped that the investigation results presented in this report will provide all the necessary
information for the design and construction of foundations of the proposed house.
In case there is any query, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.
Director
Geomaterials Testing Laboratory
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS REPORT
FOR
PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7, DHA, LAHORE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 1
1.2 Purpose and Scope of Work 1
ILLUSTRATIONS
Empirical values for , qu, Dr and unit weight of soil based on SPT Table 1
Summary of Laboratory Test Results Table 2
Borehole Location Plan Figure 1
Simplified Subsurface Soil Profile at the Site Figure 2
Allowable Bearing Capacity Curves for Footings Figures 3 & 4
APPENDIX-A
Symbols & Legends Figure A-1
Borehole log Figure A-2
Particles Size Distribution Curves
Site Pictures
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PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Mr. Sikander Lalani plans to construct residential building at Plot # 3346/7, Sector Y, Phase
7, DHA, Lahore. The plot measures 10 Marla.
The geotechnical investigations at the plot were conducted through one exploratory
borehole, 30 ft deep below the existing ground level. The fieldwork at the site was executed
on November 22, 2023. Approximate location of the borehole is shown in Figure-1.
The primary objective of these investigations was to determine appropriate parameters for
the design of foundations of the proposed house. For this purpose, the following aspects
were determined / evaluated:
The scope of work for carrying out sub-surface investigations at the site included:
1
PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
Execution of one exploratory boring with hand auger technique to 30 ft depth below the
existing ground level.
Performance of standard penetration test (SPT) in the boreholes at 3 ft interval up to 15 ft
depth and thereafter at every 5 ft interval down to the investigated depth.
Soil sampling with appropriate sampling techniques, sample preservation and
transportation to the testing laboratory.
Performance of laboratory tests on selected soil samples in accordance with relevant
ASTM standard method.
Preparation of geotechnical investigation report, which include subsurface boring log,
laboratory test data, and recommendations regarding allowable bearing capacity and
type/depth of foundation.
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PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
2. EXPLORATION METHODOLOGY
The field exploration at the site was carried out through one borehole, 30 ft deep at a location
shown in Figure 1. Brief details of the investigation methodology are outlined in the following
sections:
The boring was advanced using manually operated post-hole hand auger technique.
Representative disturbed samples were recovered using Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
split spoon sampler in accordance with ASTM D-1586. SPT’s were conducted at 3 ft
interval up to 15 ft depth and thereafter at every 5 ft interval to the final depth investigated.
Detailed description of the sub-surface soils encountered and the depth at which samples
were procured are shown on the borehole log presented under Appendix-A as Figure A-2.
Legends and symbols used on the boring log are given in Figure A-1. Soil descriptions on
the boring log are a compilation of field and laboratory testing data. The stratification lines
represent the approximate boundary between soil types, and transitions may be assumed
gradual.
Estimates of relative density of granular soils and consistency of the cohesive soils given on
the boring log, in general, are based on the SPT resistance as recommended by Terzaghi and
Peck as summarized in Table 1 (Illustrations).
Selected representative subsoil samples were tested in the laboratory to determine the
physical and engineering characteristics of the subsoils. The following tests were conducted
according to standard methods.
3
PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
A summary of laboratory test results is presented in Table 2 under Illustrations. Using grain
size analyses and Atterberg limits, soils were classified according to the Unified Soil
Classification System (USCS), ASTM-2487.
The grain size distribution curves of the selected soil samples are presented in Appendix-A
following the boring logs.
4
PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
Existing level of the plot is about 1 ft below the adjacent road. Subsurface soil conditions at
the site disclosed by one exploratory borehole bored at a location shown in Figure-1 indicate
that the stratigraphy, in general, consists of layers of silty clay (CL-ML), non-plastic silt
(ML) and sand with variable silt (SM, SP-SM, SP). The cohesive soils are in very soft to
firm states of consistency and non-cohesive soils in medium dense state of compactness.
Actual thickness of each stratum along with SPT resistance (N-values) is shown on borehole
log, Figure A-2 (Appendix-A).
Ground Water Table (GWT) was not encountered within 30 ft depth below the existing
ground level during the period of these investigations, November 2023.
Basic subsurface soil design parameters for use in the geotechnical design of footings have
been derived from field/laboratory testing, latest literature and using expert judgment and
are presented in the following table.
Depth of footing
Angle of Internal
below road level Cohesion (tsf) SPT blows
Friction (Deg.)
(ft)
2.5 0.25 - 05
10 0.25 - 05
There may be two levels of foundations, one without basement and other with basement at
the project site. Recommendations for each case are given below:
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PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
WITHOUT BASEMENT
Keeping in view the subsurface soil condition at the site, the proposed building can be
supported on strip/stepped or isolated footings placed at 2.5 ft depth below the road level.
The foundations should be constructed as per procedure described below:
Excavate soil at the footprint of the footings up to 3.5 ft depth below the road level.
Provide 8 inch thick layer of mixture of sand (70%) + gravel (30%), compacted to dry
density not less than 95% Modified Proctor.
Not to Scale
0’ 0” Existing Road Level
Footing
-1’ 0” Existing Ground Level
-2’ 6” 4” PCC
-3’ 6”
8 inch thick engineered fill
Using parameters defined in Chapter-3, bearing capacity analysis has been carried out. Figure
3 presents allowable bearing capacity (ABC) curves for isolated and strip footings of various
sizes placed at 2.5 ft depth below the road level.
With the provision of engineered fill, the recommendations for the design of isolated and
strip footings are given below:
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PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
WITH BASEMENT
With one basement, the footings are likely to be placed at 10 ft depth below the road level.
The foundation should be constructed as per procedure described below:
Excavate soil over the entire area having basement to 7.0 ft depth below the road level.
Excavate further by 3 ft at the foot prints.
-7’ 0”
-10’ 0” 4” PCC
Using parameters defined in Chapter-3, bearing capacity analysis has been performed. Figure
4 presents allowable bearing capacity (ABC) curves for isolated and strip footings of various
sizes placed at 10 ft depth below the road level.
7
PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
10 0.90 0.90
8
PLOT # 3346/7, SECTOR Y, PHASE 7,
DHA, LAHORE
Analyses and recommendations submitted in this report are based on the results gathered
from one boring bored to maximum 30 ft depth at the site. This report reflects
approximate variation within the plot.
Experienced Engineer should observe construction activities to check that the works are
performed in accordance with the plans and specifications. Field and laboratory tests
should be performed to confirm that the compaction of earth work meet the required
specifications.
Appropriate surface drainage should be ensured in the project area and the area should be
graded to keep surface runoff away from the structure.
Plinth protection slab (atleast 3 ft) sloping away from the structure should be provided all
around the building to reduce ingress of water to foundation soils.
While excavating, proper protection should be provided to the walls of the excavation
and safety of the adjacent structures (if any) should be ensured. Excavation to 10 ft depth
below road level may be carried out with vertical face for a limited period of time.
During wet/rainy season, necessary precautions must be observed not to let the surface
water/rain water go into the excavations. Adequate provision should be kept to protect the
excavation slopes against the rains by tarpaulins.
If there is a substantial lapse of time between submission of this report and start of work
at the site and conditions have changed due either to natural causes or to construction
operation at or adjacent to site, we urge that we be promptly informed and retained to
review our report to determine the applicability of the conclusions and recommendations,
considering the changed conditions and/or time lapse.
This report has been prepared for the design of foundations of House at Plot # 3346/7,
Sector Y, Phase 7, DHA, Lahore only. Paragraphs, statements, test results, boring log,
diagrams etc., should not be taken out of context and should not be utilized for any other
structure at any site.
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Table 1 Empirical values for , qu, Dr and unit weight of soils based on the SPT
GRANULAR SOILS
Description Very Loose Loose Medium Dense Very Dense
Relative density, Dr 0 – 0.15 0.15 – 0.35 0.35 – 0.65 0.65 – 0.85 0.85 – 1.00
Approximate range of moist unit weight, (pcf) 70 – 100 90 – 115 110 – 130 120 – 140 130 – 150
COHESIVE SOILS
Description Very Soft Soft Firm Stiff Very Stiff Hard
Unconfined compressive strength, qu (tsf) 0 – 0.25 0.25 – 0.5 0.5 – 1.0 1.0 – 2.0 2.0 – 4.0 4.0 – UP
Approx. range of saturated unit weight, sat (pcf) 100 – 120 100 – 130 120 – 140 130+
Table 2 SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TESTS RESULTS
30'
17'
65' BH-1
House # 3346/6 Plot # 3345
Road
7
SCALE 1'-0"= 64 "
FIGURE 1 BOREHOLE LOCATION PLAN
Road Level BH‐1
0
1 0
3 LEGEND
4 3 Sand/Silty
Sand/Clayey Sand
5
6 5
Silt/Sandy Silt
7 6
8
9
Clay/Silty Clay
10 6
DEPTH BELOW EXISTING GROUND LEVEL (ft)
11 10
12 Fill Material
13 5
14
15
16 15 2
17
18
19
20
21 20 11
22
23
24
25
26 25 13
27
28
29
30
31 30 17
Plot # 3346/7, Sector Y, Phase 7, DHA, Lahore
1.00
Isolated Footings placed at 2.5 ft depth below Road Level
0.80
0.70
0.64
0.63
0.61 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.58
0.60 0.58 0.57
0.60
0.56
0.50 0.54
0.52 0.51
0.40
0.30
0.20
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1.20
Isolated Footings placed at 10 ft depth below Road Level
1.00
0.94
0.90 0.92
0.90
0.89
0.90 0.88 0.88
0.86 0.87 0.86
0.86
0.83
0.81
0.80
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Boulders
Silt
Clay
DS Disturbed Sample
Classification
Content (%)
Sample No.
Depth (ft)
Symbol
Legend
Description of Material SPT Blows/ft Remarks
0 50 100
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
CL-ML
xxxx
xxxx Dark brown, soft, silty CLAY, trace concretions 3
23.65 SPT-1 xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
5 xxxx
xxxx
xxxx 6
SPT-2
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx ML Dark brown, firm, non plastic silt 6
27.35 SPT-3 xxxx
10
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx 5
xxxx
CL-ML
x x
x x Dark grey, medium dense, silty SAND to poorly
x x graded SAND, trace concretions
25 x x 13
SPT-7 x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
30 x x 17
SPT-8 x x
END OF BOREHOLE LOG
35
40
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
(PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVES)
No.4 No. 10 No. 40 No. 200
100
90
80
70
Percent finer by weight, %
20
10
Project: Plot # 3346/7, Sector Y, Phase 7, DHA, Lahore
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Particle size, mm
GRAVEL SILT & CLAY
SAND
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