Chole r g ‘Date hak leer ee eae a =i. XK TE elif nae Sure ody nat de ng Datagram Logical adresos 3 ct} DcLEGL wR JTS Lok lea Linksayerareses EG jw Bits ka webic Onl} one dala lnk later oe inVlolWed a The Sour oF detpaalian- tee Bor Tei deren lcters baal ove —nValVe4 at each YoiTev Peek TS LANG & WANs ale Grredes by Youlers >| aes 2 sede, LER 9 | Node8 and_linkS Gmmun: alien FM link leder i$ Nolo Te-neode Vottge fread) «ta lon gute Yel (pene 2 Pointto-point Point-to-point 6-462 eSL¢ A smal part ofthe Internet Sour heat S\ Lok Link Link (ok +» __++-_»____» +» Node Node Node Nowe Noi Sieg boi S The jele link lejer 8 loGIEL baWece The Pr§8iC ler onf The Netier der ~ GMN\ PeVides SewViGs To Te netwvor loder Figure? connie wih ol reno the jata link leer 1% WAGue in addan) Jsth_o header ON) a Walley Ta the late 7 reCeive s cdg ger yp Ui) header $-Tiler quer ell aus yO GC: \ PaCKS crthe JAE Lak layer 18 normal} Gites? Frame Seti Gs of dete link loler 1. Framing: The Data Link Layer encapsulates datagrams received from the Network Layer into frames for transmission and decapsulates them at the receiving end. 2. Flow Controk: The Data Link Layer manages the flow of frames between the sender and receiver, preventing buffer overflow by either dropping frames or sending feedback to the sender to slow down. 3, Error Controkiit detects and, in some cases, corrects errors in frames caused by transmission issues, ensuring the reliability of data transmission. 4, Congestion Control: Aithough congestion is more commonly addressed in the FS! “Network and Transport Layers, the Data Link Layer may play arole in some seenarios, especially in wide-area networks. Tow Greve’ & laks TF Rediate Pais brood Coe Ke nel 18 ed:Gey Te XK the linhis—shates bélieen The To beVi 8 Several Purs of devigs “Wo Subleles 4 ‘Data link Galvol Medica CCR Give (Olc) (tac) deals With all ishuses Gmaten déalS onl} wih i$8ses SPB5:C “Te bath Paatte.faar & brood JO boag QT link i == & one eer Deak erty pak Ina link, the ink isnot shored between devices OA) broadcast OB) point-to-point OC) multicast OD) None of the choices are correct Ina link, the ink is shared besween many devices. OA) broadcast OB) point-to-point OC) unicast OD) None of the choices are correct Deta-ink layer of brondeast lnk has sublayers)- OA) one OB) wo Oc) no OD) None of the choices are correct Deta-Iink layer of point-to-point ink hes subloyers) OA) one OB) wo Oc) no OD) None of the choices are correct Media access control can be presented only in link(s). OA) point-to-point OB) multicast €) both point-to-point and multicast OD) None of the choices are correct ee Tink Jeder ax $8 <= Plyccr) csnress or yNOO odes we Gar Moke 2 fale Gram Yeaoh TS deine Ton UGA OnIT IP adbfe Ses | the Sour@ al) Jetinaton W obbietteS deltie Tho Two nds bal GaP debine whigh inks the Pet Shows (ah Tho G, To another iin Nily Alice Kf 7 | yeNL z N N Nts RI Onder of addresses IP addresses: source-destination L: Link-layer address | Link-layer address: destination-source fie be se Gh ep C Legend hat ee Frenne aay a Ni wOV2 x. ns PARAL au] Frame whe To another nonwork Thice TH eS of obdreSce0 Lt we wig NTT bod GST J J | + ¢ one TS one Ue one To mari} one tea all specu spss ea oa. Ben Soy ones Wu. ABLE. games A\d¥eS8 ReSelatin Pawar (ARP) AnSTitie The tole oS an If date 9 yam Sen} TS crtshy + node relat TS The Poddie$8 of The AVS rode. Howeier; The i obieSS of The 1. ell pode if oT hethou 0 pou] @ frame ThraSh oink We Nees The Link leSer abQets of-The N@RT ode Imac 6)iless GIP ONS 1 fy aap He — na * ARP of erations fT SH ae ten) SSow lilac boal Gir cain one Ts all Opl_eTo one. Joy ary jer vee Le ila a aN > " @o ¢o Fiucr ARP Packer Q4T ° 8 16 Pasion u Hardware Type Protocol Type ) Hardware: LAN or WAN protocol as Protocols Network-layer protocol Fi, Hardware" | “Protocol — ‘Operation "6 length {ef 4 lengthives] Request: 1, Reply:2 Source hardware address S Source protocol address 030001 0800 Destination hardware address (Empty in request) a Destination protocol address Alls | An ARP reply is normally Oa) broadcast OB) multicast OC) unicast OD) None of the choices are correct An ARP request is normally OA) broadcast OB) multicast Oc) unicast © D) None of the choices are correct Example 9.4 ‘A host with IP address N1 and MAC address L1 has a packet to send to another host with IP address [2 and physical address L2 (which is unknown to the first host). The two hosts are on the same net- ‘work, Figure 9.9 shows the ARP request and response messages. tor mee o_o wr igang 5 rane Tea a or ares —_. LAN hie T tear nemorr Se roo dies (Lhe fom is ime. Sout [ana big, Figure 9:12 Flo oferta cue ulus ARP nou Ng Iwerk 3.3 link adivess 1 “Tae = — ane oar te Cpe) Ifthe sender is @ host and wants to send a packet to another hest n the same network, ‘the lbaical aderess that must be mapped & a physical acdress is OA) the destination IP address inthe datagram header (OB) the 1 address of the router foun Inthe routing table 2) the source IP access (OD) None ofthe choices are correct Ifthe sender is a host and wants to send a packet to anather host on another network, the logical address that must be mapped toa ahysial address fe OA) the destination 1P address inthe datagram header OB) the P address ofthe router found inthe routing table OC) the source IP aderess OD) None ofthe choices are correct ‘The senders 2 router that has received a datagram destined fora host on another ‘network. The logics ndzresa tat must be mapped te physical aasress e Oa) the destination Padres in the datagram header ©) the TP adress ofthe outer found in the routing table OC) the source IP adcress OD) None of the choices are correct ‘The sender 2 router that has received a datagram destined for a host in the same network. The lgieal adress that must be mepped tow physical address Is CA) the destination IP ackress in the datagram header (Or) the 1P address ofthe router Found in the routing table ©) source 1P aderess OD) None ofthe choices are correct