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Presented by G3
Presented by G3
Presented by G3
Topic
Topic 1: Central Nervous System
1.Brain
2.Spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The brain is found in a skull.
There are 6 main sections among other structures with it.
-Cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-Diencephalon
-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla Oblonggata
Central Nervous System (CNS)
1st section of the brain.
Cerebrum
-Largest Section
-is divided into 2 Hemisphere
~left hemisphere
~right hemisphere
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Cerebrum
-this is divided into 4 lobes
~this 4 lobes are the FRONTAL
~Parietal
~Temporal
~Occipital
*Frontal- Reasoning and thought.
*Parietal- Integrates sensory information.
*Temporal- Process Auditory information from the ears.
*Occipital- Processing visual information from the eyes.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
2nd section of the brain.
Cerebellum
*Located below the cerebrum and
above the 1st cervical of the neck.
*it is responsible for Muscle
coordination, balance, posture, and
muscle tone.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
3rd section of the brain.
Diencephalon
*is found between the cerebrum and the
midbrain.
*it contain 2 structures
-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
Thalamus- this directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus- controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water, balance,
sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
3rd section of the brain.
Diencephalon
*is found between the cerebrum and the
midbrain.
*it contain 2 structures
-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
Thalamus- this directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus- controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water, balance,
sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation.
-this also play a role in emotion such as anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
4th section of the brain.
Midbrain
*Located below cerebrum
*responsible for eye and auditory
reflexes
5th section of the brain.
Pons
*Located below midbrain.
*Responsible for certain reflex actions, such as chewing, tasting, and
saliva production
Central Nervous System (CNS)
5th section of the brain.
Medulla Oblongata
*Located at the bottom of the brain stem.
*it connects with the spinal cord.
*it is responsible for regulating blood vessel function
*digestion
*respiration
*swallowing
*coughing
*sneezing
*blood pressure
-it is also known as “the center of respiration”
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Spinal Cord Efferent Afferent
*The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the
nerves in the rest of the body.
*this is divided into 4 different regions
-cervical -lumbar
-thoracic -spinal nerves (Afferent & Efferent)
*Afferent- Carries information from the body to the brain.
*Efferent- Carries information from brain to body
Peripheral Nervous system
How the PNS Connects and Protects Us
*The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is like a network of wires that connects your brain
and spinal cord to the rest of your body and the outside world.
*PNS consists of SNS and ANS, controlling voluntary and involuntary functions
respectively.
*PNS has cranial and spinal nerves that connect brain and spinal cord to other body
parts.
*The PNS also has specialized nerve endings called receptors that detect stimuli such as
light, sound, temperature, pressure, and pain. These receptors send signals to the
CNS, which then processes and responds to them.
Peripheral Nervous System (CNS)
*it is subdivided into 2 smaller system
-Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Efferent Afferent
-Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)