5, Ionic compounds

1. Ionic; positively; negatively; giant; high; dissolve; electricity; solid

2. copper oxide, zinc chloride, lead bromide and potassium fluoride – they are
compounds of a metal and a non-metal

3. a) Diagram showing the outer electron from Li atom (2,1) being transferred to F
+ -
atom (2,7) to form Li ion (2) and F ion (2,8)
b) Diagram showing the outer electron from K atom (2,8,8,1) being transferred
+ -
to Cl atom (2,8,7) to form K ion (2,8,8) and Cl ion (2.8,8)
4.

- - 2-
Fluoride, F Iodide, I Sulfate, SO4

+ LiF LiI
Lithium, Li Li2SO4

2+
Calcium, Ca CaF2 CaI2 CaSO4

+
Iron(III), Fe3 FeF3 FeI3 Fe2(SO4)3

5. a) Diagram showing the outer 2 electrons from Mg atom (2,8,2) being

2+
transferred to two F atoms (2,7), 1 electron to each F atom, to form Mg ion (2,8) and
-
two F ions (2,8)
b) Diagram showing the outer 2 electrons from Mg atom (2,8,2) both being
2+ 2-
transferred to O atom (2,6) to form Mg ion (2,8,) and O ion (2,8)

6. a) Group number equals the size of the positive charge on the ions.

b) 8 - Group number = size of charge on negative ion

c) Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell so would need to either lose 4
electrons or gain 4 electrons to gain the electronic structure of a noble gas – either
involves too much energy to ever happen.

+
d) Hydrogen can either lose one electron, leaving an H ion which has no
-
electrons at all – leaving just a proton, or it can gain an electron to from the H ion which
has the same electron structure as the noble gas helium.

e) Because the atoms of Group 1 elements, such as lithium, all lose one
electron to form ions with a 1+ charge (and hydrogen can also form a 1+ ion). However,
hydrogen can also form 1- ions, just like the atoms of the elements in Group 7, such as
fluorine, when their atoms gain one electron.

Oxford University Press GCSE Chemistry for You, Fifth Edition © Ryan Books Ltd, 2016 page 1 of 1