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MODULE 7 Organic Chem
MODULE 7 Organic Chem
MODULE 7 Organic Chem
GEROBEL R. VALENZUELA,LPT
Special Lecturer
OVERVIEW
Module Objectives:
WHAT IS A AMINES?
OR R-NH2
Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3)
Amines occurs widely in living organisms.
Many amines are naturally occurring compounds that are very active
physiologically.
Numerous drugs used for the treatment of mental illness, hay fever,
heart problems ,and other physical disorders are amines.
Primary Amine
Is an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to one hydrocarbon
group and two hydrogen atoms. The generalized formula for a primary
amine is RNH2.The functional group present in a primary amine, the NH2
group is called an Amino group. An Amino group is the -NH2 functional
group. CH3 – NH2
H
N
HR
Primary
Example:
Secondary Amine
Is an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups
and one hydrogen atom. The generalized formula for a secondary amine is
R2NH. CH3 – NH – CH3
Tertiary Amine
Is an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to three hydrocarbon
groups and no hydrogen atom. The generalized formula for a tertiary amine
is R3N.
R
N
RR
Tertiary
Example:
COMMON NAMES
Explanation:
Ethyl- CH2CH3 (attach to nitrogen)
Methyl- CH3 (attach to nitrogen)
Amine- functional group of amines (secondary) is identify
Amines in the IUPAC system: the “e” ending of the alkane name for
the longest chain is replaced with –amine. The amine group is located by
the position number. Groups that are attached to the nitrogen atom are
located using “N” as the position number. More complex primary amines are
named with —NH2 as the amino substituent. Secondary and tertiary amines
having more than one kind of alkyl group are named as Nsubstituted.
EXAMPLE:
FOCUS ON HEALTH
Caffeine and nicotine are widely used stimulants of the central nervous
system that contain amine heterocycles. Caffeine and nicotine, are
alkaloids, naturally occurring amines derived from plant sources.
Morphine, quinine, and atropine are three alkaloids with useful medicinal
properties. All three compounds contain nitrogen heterocycles and have a
complex structure with several functional groups.
Illegal drug
Methamphetamine (a.k.a Shabu) is one of many biological active amines.
Methamphetamine is a widely abused illegal drugs that has profound effects
on the body and mind. Methamphetamine imparts to the user a pleasurable
“high”. It is highly addictive, and has adverse effects on the heart,
lungs, blood vessels, and other organs. Prolonged used can lead to
sleepless, seizures, hallucinations, paranoia a serious heart disease.
1. What is Amines?
2. What are the characteristics of amines?
3. Compare primary amines, secondary amines and tertiary amines, in
terms of their functional group.
4. Give at least 3 examples of primary, secondary and tertiary
amines.
5. Complete the table:
Give the name or structural formula
Classify each amines as primary, secondary and tertiary.
Name(common name or Structural formula Primary/secondary/
systematic name) tertiary amine
propanamine
N-Methylethan-1-amine
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
MDMA(ecstasy)
6. Discuss the effects to the human body of the following;
a. Nicotine
b. caffeine
c. cocaine
d. Chocolate (dark)
e. Quinine
f. atropine
g. Opium
h. Codeine,
i. Morphine (heroin)
j. MDMA
k. Methamphetamine