Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5 JK HWZ3 Wio
5 JK HWZ3 Wio
Section : ________________________________
Instructions to Follow
1. All content must be copied as it is in sequence, there should not be any type of cutting.
2. Calculation and Diagram must be done neatly on blank pages.
3. Use pen for making observation table on ruled pages.
4. Use pencil for diagrams. Pasting of diagram from the given content is not allowed.
5. Use only Blue pen. You can use Black pen only for Headings.
6. Cover your files with white paper before the submission
7. Use Manual File For Making Practical File.
INDEX
S.NO. EXPERIMENT DATE TEACHER SIGNATURE
1. Colloidal solution of starch.
11. Salt analysis― Chloride ion (Cl―) and Ammonium ion (NH4+)
12. Salt analysis― Acetate ion (CH3COO―) and Lead ion (Pb+2)
13.
Salt analysis― Sulphate ion (SO4―2) and Copper ion (Cu+2)
14.
Salt analysis― Nitrate ion (NO3―) and Aluminium ion (Al+3)
15.
Salt analysis― Iodide (I―) and Manganese ion (Mn+2)
16.
Salt analysis― Sulphite (SO3―2) and Zinc ion (Zn+2)
17. Salt analysis― Carbonate ion (CO3―2) and Calcium ion (Ca+2)
18. Salt analysis― Chloride ion (Cl―) and Barium ion (Ba+2)
19. Salt analysis― Sulphate ion (SO4―2) and Magnesium ion (Mg+2)
OBSERVATION TABLE :-
OBSERVATION TABLE:-
AIM:- To detect the presence of carbohydrates (glucose) in one of the given food sample.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube, test tube holder, test tube stand, glass rod and 100 ml beaker.
CHEMICAL REQUIRED:- Carbohydrate (glucose), Molisch reagent, Benedict solution, Tollen reagent,
Fehling solution A and B, conc. Sulphuric acid and distilled water.
THEORY:- Glucose when tested with Molisch reagent, Fehling solution A and B, Benedict solution, and Tollen
reagent gives a positive response but gives negative response with the Iodine solution.
OBSERVATION:- Test for carbohydrates
3. Tollen test:
Sample + water + Tollen reagent + heat Silver mirror is formed. Carbohydrate present.
AIM:- To detect the presence of fat and protein in given food sample.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Test tube, test tube holder, test tube stand, glass rod and 100 ml beaker.
CHEMICAL REQUIRED:- Sample of protein and fat, CCl4, potassium bi-sulphate, conc. Nitric acid, NaOH
solution, dilute copper sulphate solution .
THEORY:- Fat and oils esters of long chain fatty acids where as protein are complex organic compound
containing nitrogen. Fats give positive test with acrolein as well give spot and solubility test where
as protein give Xanthoprotein test, Biuret test and Ninhydrin test.
OBSERVATION TABLE:- Test for fat and protein.
S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Solubility test;
Sample + water Insoluble Fat present.
2. Spot test:
Sample + Dip white paper/Filter Translucent spot is Fat present.
paper in the test tube. formed.
3. Acrolein test:
Sample + KHSO4 + Heat Irritating smell. Fat present.
4. Xanthoprotein test:
Sample + NaOH and add the Red/ yellow colour. Protein present.
sodium nitropruside
5. Biuret test:
Sample + alkaline NaOH solution Voilet colour. Protein present.
+ very dilute solution of CuSO4
6. drop wise.
Ninhydrin test: Blue colour is f ormed. Protein present.
Sample + Ninhydrin solution +
Boil.
AIM:- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
Bring a glass rod dipped in Dense white fumes of Ammonium ion (NH4)
2.
dilute H2SO4 NH4Cl. Confirmed.
AIM :- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS :- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
AIM:- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
1 part salt + 2 part solid oxalic Vinegar like smell is Acetate ion
2. acid on your palm + 2 drop very fast. (CH3COO-) confirmed.
water and rub it.
A pinch of salt in a test tube + Fruity smell due to the Acetate ion
4. Few drops of conc. H2SO4 + formation of ethyl (CH3COO-) confirmed.
Ethyl alcohol + Heat. alcohol.
Salt + conc. H2SO4 + Heat No reaction and no gas strong group absent (Cl-,
2. strongly. evolved Br-, I-, NO3-)
3. H2S gas pass in above Black ppt./bluish green II- group present (Cu+2)
solution. ppt. is formed. may be.
3. H2S gas pass in above solution.. No ppt./No reaction II- group absent.
Remove H2S gas+ 2-3 drop of
4. conc. HNO3 boil add NH4Cl solid White gelatinous ppt. III-group present
and NH4OH with shaking till the Aluminium ion (Al+3)
solution. may be
Dissolve the white ppt. in
5. minimum quantity of dilute HCl
and divide into two parts:
(i) To the first part add NaOH White ppt. is formed Aluminium ion (Al+3)
solution. which gets dissolve in confirmed.
excess of NaOH.
(ii) To the second part add blue The solution turns Pink. Aluminium ion (Al+3)
litmus solution. confirmed.
(iii) Now add NH4OH solution drop A blue lake is formed. Aluminium ion (Al+3)
wise and shake . confirmed.
AIM :- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 No reaction and no gas Week group absent (CO3-2
evolved ,SO3-2,S-2,CH3COO-,NO2-)
2. Salt + conc. H2SO4 + Heat Violet vapors with Strong group present
strongly. pungent and suffocating ( I-) may be.
smell.
3. Salt + MnO2 + conc. H2SO4. + Violet vapors which turns Iodide (I-) confirmed.
Heat strongly. starch paper blue.
4. Salt + dilute HNO3 + Boil. Add A yellow ppt. insoluble in Iodide (I-) confirmed.
AgNO3 solution. NH4OH or conc. HNO3
5. Salt + dilute HNO3 + Boil. Add Pink/light violet layer is Iodide (I-) confirmed.
Cl2 water with constant formed at the bottom.
shaking.
(B) Test for cation
5. Add the H2S gas in above solution. Buff/flesh coloured IV-group present
ppt. Manganese ion (Mn+2)
6. Dissolve the ppt. formed in group-IV in may be.
dilute HCl. Now divide the above
solution into two parts:
(i) To the first part add NaOH solution and White ppt. is obtained. Manganese ion (Mn+2)
then add bromine water. confirmed.
(ii) To the second part add PbO powder + Pink colour is obtained Manganese ion (Mn+2)
conc. HNO3 and allow to stand. confirmed.
AIM :- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 A colourled gas with Week group present
smell like burning sulphur. (SO3-2) may be
2. Put a piece of paper dipped in The paper turn green Sulphide (SO3-2)
acidified K2Cr2O7 solution at confirmed.
the mouth of test tube.
3. Salt solution in water + Dilute White ppt. Sulphide (SO3-2)
CH3COOH + BaCl2 solution. confirmed.
(B) Test for cation
AIM:- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion.
AIM:- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. Salt + dilute H2SO4 No reaction and no Week group absent
gas evolved (CO3-2 ,SO3-2,S-
2
,CH3COO-,NO2-)
2. Salt + conc. H2SO4 A colourless pungent Chloride ion (Cl-) may
smelling gas and be present in strong
suffocating smell. group.
3. Put a glass rod dipped in NH4OH White dense fumes. Chloride ion (Cl-)
solution at the mouth of test tube. confirmed.
4. Salt solution in water, add dilute Curly white ppt. Chloride ion (Cl-)
H2SO4 and boil. Now add AgNO3 confirmed.
solution
Red vapours of Chloride ion (Cl-)
5. Salt + solid K2Cr2O7 + conc. H2SO4 + chromyl chloride. confirmed.
Heat strongly
3. H2S gas pass in above solution.. No ppt./No reaction II- group absent.
6. Remove H2S gas and add the 2- White ppt. V-group present
3 ml of ammonium carbonate (Ba+2,Sr+2,Ca+2) may
{(NH4)2CO3} and warm the be
solution.
Divide the solution into three
part:
(i) To the first part of the above Yellow ppt. is obtained. Ba+2 ions confirmed.
divided solution add few drops
of K2CrO4 solution.
AIM :- To determine the one anion and one cation in given salt.
APPARATUS:- Test tube, test tube stand, test tube holder, burner, test tube brush , glass rod, etc.
OBSERVATION:- (A) Test for anion
2. Salt + conc. H2SO4 + Heat strongly. No reaction and no gas strong group absent (Cl-
evolved , Br-, I-, NO3-)
3. Salt solution in water + dilute HCl + White ppt. General group (SO4-2)
Heat and add 1-2 ml BaCl2 solution. may be.
4. Add hot water or conc.HNO3 and White ppt. insoluble. Sulphate ion (SO4-2)
shake. confirmed.
AIM:- To prepare M/20 standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr‘s salt).Using this
solution find out the molarity and strength of the given potassium permanganate solution.
THEORY:- Potassium permanganate oxidizes ferrous ions into ferric ions in acid medium in cold and is itself
reduced to colorless manga nous ions.
MnO-4 + 8H+ + 5e- --------------Mn2+ + 4H2O
[Fe2+ ---------------Fe3+ +e-]] x 5
MnO-4 + 5Fe2+ + 8H+---------------Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
Molecular mass of Mohr`s salt, FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4.6H2O = 392 g/ mol.
Mass of Mohr`s salt required for preparing 100 ml of M/20 solution = = 1.96 g
APPARATUS :- Burette, burette stand, pipette, pipette stand, conical flask, funnel, weight box, watch glass,
measuring flask, etc.
MATERIALS:- Mohr`s salt crystal, dilute H2SO4, distilled water.
INDICATOR:- KMnO4 is a self-indicator.
END POINT:- Colorless to pink color
OBSERVATION :- (i) Weight of empty watch glass (W1) =24.400 g
(ii) Weight of watch glass + Mohr`s salt (W2) =26.360 g
(iii) Weight of Mohr`s salt crystal (W2-W1) = 1.96 g
(iv) Volume of the prepared solution = 100 ml
(v) Volume of the solution each titration = 20 ml
OBSERVATION TABLE :-
RESULT:- (i) The molarity of the given KMnO4 solution = 0.0128 mol.
(ii) The strength of the given KMnO4 solution = 2.0224 g/lit.
PRECAUTION:- (i) The balance should be in level.
(ii) Always use freshly prepared KMnO4 solution as it decomposes on keeping.
(iii) Rinse the burette with the solution (KMnO4) to be taken in the burette.
(iv) Rinse the pipette with the solution to be taken in the conical flask.
CALCULATION:- M1V1 = 5M2V2
M2 = M1V1/5V2
M2 =
M2 =
M2 = 0.0044 mol.
= 0.6952 g/lit.
.EXPERIMENT - 21..
AIM :- To prepare M/40 standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr‘s salt).Using this solution
find out the molarity and strength of the given potassium permanganate solution.
THEORY:- Potassium permanganate oxidizes ferrous ions into ferric ions in acid medium in cold and is itself
reduced to colorless manga nous ions.
MnO-4 + 8H+ + 5e- --------------Mn2+ +4H2O
[Fe2+ ---------------Fe3+ +e-]] x 5
MnO-4 + 5Fe2+ + 8H+---------------Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
Molecular mass of Mohr`s salt, FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O=392 g/mol.
Mass of Mohr`s salt required for preparing 100 ml of M/40 solution=
APPARATUS:- Burette, burette stand, pipette , pipette stand, conical flask , funnel, weight box, watch glass,
measuring flask, etc.
MATERIALS:- Mohr`s salt crystal, dilute H2SO4, distilled water.
INDICATOR:- KMnO4 is a self-indicator.
END POINT:- Colorless to pink color
OBSERVATION:- (i) Weight of empty watch glass (W1) = 22.600 g
(ii) Weight of watch glass + Mohr`s salt (W2) = 23.580 g
(iii) Weight of Mohr`s salt crystal (W2-W1) = 0.98 g
(iv) Volume of the prepared solution = 100 ml
(v) Volume of the solution each titration = 20 ml
OBSERVATION TABLE :-
RESULT:- (i) The molarity of the given KMnO4 solution = 0.0044 mol.
(ii) The strength of the given KMnO4 solution = 0.6952 g/lit.
PRECAUTION :- (i) The balance should be in level.
(ii) Always use freshly prepared KMnO4 solution as it decomposes on keeping.
(iii) Rinse the burette with the solution (KMnO4) to be taken in the burette.
(iv) Rinse the pipette with the solution to be taken in the conical flask.
CALCULATION :- 2M1V1 = 5M2V2
M1 = Molarity of known solution (Oxalic acid) = M/20
V1 = Volume of known solution (Oxalic acid) = 20 ml
M2= Molarity of unknown solution (KMnO4) = ?
V2 = Volume of unknown solution (KMnO4) = 11.5 ml
M2 = 2M1V1/5V2
M2 =
M2 =
M2 = 0.0347 mol.
AIM :- To prepare M/20 standard solution of oxalic acid, (COOH)2.H2O. Using this solution find out the
molarity and strength f the given KMnO4 solution.
THEORY:- Potassium permanganate oxidases oxalic acid into carbon dioxide in acid medium at 60-70
and is itself reduced to colour less manga nous ions.
[MnO-4 +8H+ + 5e------------------------Mn2++ 4H2O]
[ ( COO)-2---------------------------------2CO2 + 2e-] x 5
2MnO-4+16H++5 ( COO)-2---------------------2Mn2++8H2O +10CO2
Molecular mass of hydrated oxalic acid, ( COOH )2. 2H2O = 2(12+32+1) + 2 (2+16) = 126 g/mol.
Mass of hydrated oxalic acid required for preparing 100 ml of M/20 solution = = 0.63 g
APPARATUS:- Burette, burette stand, pipette, pipette stand, conical flask, watch glass, wash bottle, funnel,
glass rod beaker, analytical balance, weight box, etc.
MATERIAL :- Oxalic acid crystal, dilute H2SO4,distilled water.
INDICATOR :- KMnO4 is a self-indicator.
END POINT:- Colorless to pink colour.
OBSERVATION:- (i) Weight of watch glass (W1) = 20.800 g
(ii) Weight of watch glass + Oxalic acid (W2) = 21.430 g
(iii) Weight of oxalic acid (W2-W1) = 0.63 g
(iv) Volume of the solution prepared = 100 ml
(v) Volume of the solution each titration = 20 ml.
M2 =
M2 =
M2 = 0.0210 mol.
Strength = Molarity (KMnO4) x Molar mass (KMnO4)
= 0.0210 x 158
= 3.3180 g/lit.
.EXPERIMENT - 23..
AIM :- To prepare M/40 standard solution of oxalic acid, (COOH)2.H2O. Using this solution find out the
molarity and strength f the given KMnO4 solution.
THEORY :- Potassium permanganate oxidizes oxalic acid into carbon dioxide in acid medium at 60-70 and
is itself reduced to colour less manga nous ions.
[MnO-4 +8H+ + 5e------------------------Mn2++ 4H2O]
[ ( COO)-2---------------------------------2CO2 + 2e-] x 5
2MnO-4+16H++5 ( COO)-2---------------------2Mn2++8H2O +10CO2
Molecular mass of hydrated oxalic acid, ( COOH )2. 2H2O=2(12+32+1)+2(2+16) =126 g/mol.
Mass of hydrated oxalic acid required for preparing 100 ml of M/40 solution = = 0.315 g
APPARATUS:- Burette, burette stand, pipette, pipette stand, conical flask, watch glass, wash bottle, funnel,
glass rod beaker, analytical balance, weight box, etc.
MATERIAL:- Oxalic acid crystal, dilute H2SO4,distilled water.
INDICATOR:- KMnO4 is a self indicator.
END POINT:- Colour less to pink colour.
OBSERVATION:- (i) Weight of watch glass (W1)=23.800 g
(ii) Weight of watch glass + Oxalic acid (W2)= 24.115 g
(iii) Weight of oxalic acid (W2-W1) = 0.315 g
(iv) Volume of the solution prepared = 100 ml
(v) Volume of the solution each titration=20 ml.