LESSON 02 – NOVEMBER 13, 2023

FORMS OF REDISTRIBUTION AND C. NEGATIVE RECIPROCITY

– Occurs when one party seeks to gain an advantage
EXCHANGE OF PRODUCTS without giving anything in return, potentially leading to
conflict.
ECONOMIC INSTITUTION
4. MARKET EXCHANGE
Oversee a society's economic activities through
regulatory bodies, financial institutions, and market A. SUPPLY AND DEMAND
mechanisms. They establish rules, norms, and – The foundation of market exchange, where goods
mechanisms that monitor and allocate resources, and services are bought and sold at mutually agreed-
financial transactions, and market interactions. These upon prices.
institutions are foundational to economic systems,
impacting a nation's stability, efficiency, and trajectory. B. VOLUNTARY TRANSACTIONS
– Participants engage in transactions willingly, seeking
FORMS OF REDISTRIBUTION AND EXCHANGE OF
to maximize their utility or gain.
PRODUCTS
C. CURRENCY-BASED
1. BARTER SYSTEM
– Money serves as a medium of exchange, providing a
standardized value for goods and facilitating trade.
A. ANCIENT TRADING PRACTICE
– Exchange of goods and services without the use of
5. REDISTRIBUTION
money, relying on mutual agreement and necessity.
A. COLLECTIVE SHARING
B. DIRECT TRADE
– Resources are collected from a group and reallocated
– Goods are traded directly, requiring a double
based on principles such as need or social significance.
coincidence of wants between two parties.
B. ADDRESSING INEQUALITY
C. MODERN BARTERING PLATFORMS
– Redistribution aims to reduce disparities in wealth,
– Online communities and platforms facilitate barter
ensuring a fairer distribution of resources.
transactions, connecting individuals looking to
exchange their goods or services.
C. TAXATION SYSTEMS
– Governments use taxation to collect funds for
2. GIFT ECONOMY
essential public services and to redistribute wealth for
social welfare programs.
A. STRONG SOCIAL TIES
– Based on the principle of giving without an explicit
6. SHARING ECONOMY
agreement of immediate return.
A. OPTIMIZING UNDERUTILIZED RESOURCES
B. RECIPROCITY
– Sharing of idle resources, like cars or homes, to
– Generosity is expected to be reciprocated, creating
generate economic value and create a more
social bonds and fostering a sense of community.
sustainable society.
C. NON-MONETARY TRANSACTIONS
B. PEER-TO-PEER SHARING
– Gifts can take various forms, including goods,
– Facilitated through digital platforms connecting
services, knowledge, or even emotional support.
providers and users, transforming traditional
industries.
3. RECIPROCITY
C. COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION
A. GENERALIZED RECIPROCITY
– Promotes access over ownership and fosters a sense
– Based on trust and goodwill, where people give
of community and trust among participants.
without expecting an immediate or equal return.
7. SHARING THROUGH TECHNOLOGY
B. BALANCED RECIPROCITY
A. DIGITAL SHARING PLATFORMS
– An equal exchange of goods or services, creating a
sense of obligation and maintaining social ties.
– Technological advancements have enabled the rise of
online platforms that facilitate the sharing of
resources, knowledge, and experiences.

B. SOCIAL MEDIA AND VIRAL SHARING

– Sharing has become a cornerstone of online
interactions, allowing information and content to
spread rapidly across networks.

C. CROWDFUNDING AND COLLABORATIVE FUNDING

– Online platforms enable individuals and groups to
raise funds collectively, supporting a wide range of
ideas and projects.