BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY

Malaybalay City, Bukidnon 8700

Tel (088) 813-5661 to 5663; Telefax (088) 813-2717, www.buksu.edu.ph

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Secondary School Laboratory
Division Malaybalay City
School BukSU – Secondary School Grade Level Grade 11
Laboratory
Teachers Banes, Maria Laura Learning Area General Physics 1
Bocado, Jerry Lloyd
Malin, Akisah
Time & April 13-14, 2023 Quarter 4th
Date

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
 Specific gravity
 Pressure
 Pressure vs. Depth Relation
 Pascal’s principle

B. Performance The learners shall be able to:

Standard  use theoretical and experimental approaches to solve multi-concept
and rich-context problems involving electricity and magnetism

C. Learning The learners should be able to:

Competency  Relate density, specific gravity, mass, and volume to each other
(STEM_GP12FM-IIf-40)
 Relate pressure to area and force (STEM_GP12FM-IIf-41)
 Relate pressure to fluid density and depth (STEM_GP12FM-IIf-42)
 Apply Pascal’s principle in analyzing fluids in various systems
(STEM_GP12FM-IIf-43)
D. Specific At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
Objectives 1. Understand the physical property of fluid density.
2. Apply the relationship between pressure and depth.
3. Solve problems involving variation of pressure with respect to depth
in a static fluid.
4. Describe what happens when force is applied to incompressible
fluids.
5. State Pascal’s principle.
 6. Describe how hydraulic systems work.
7. Solve problems involving fluids using Pascal’s principle.
E. Integration of
Content Within and English, Mathematics
Across Curriculum
II.CONTENT

A. Topic Unit 14: Fluid Mechanics

Lesson 14.1 Density and Specific Gravity
Lesson 14.2 Pressure
Lesson 14.3 Pressure, Fluid Density, and Depth
Lesson 14.4 Pascal’s Principle
III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s K to 12 Curriculum Guide
Guide LEARNING PLAN IN SCIENCE GRADE 12
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCS)

2. Learner’s Quipper School Premium General Physics 1 (Study Guide)

Material Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Pages/Textbook Unit 14 Lesson 14.1- 14.4
Pages
B. Other Learning
Resources
IV. PROCEDURE Teacher’s Activity/ies Learner’s Expected
Response/s
Preliminaries:
A.ELICIT  Greetings
 Prayer
 Checking of Attendance
 Class Rules

Quick Review!

The teacher will ask the students whether they can

still remember their previous topic and ask the
following questions:

1. What was your lesson last meeting? 1. Answer may vary

2. What can you share about your lesson last

meeting? 2. answer may vary
 The students are encouraged to share their
answers.

Engage (3 minutes) Wood?

B. ENGAGE
Float or Sink?

Instructions: In the pictures below, identify which

of the objects floats or sinks.

Rock Wood

Which of the following floats?

Which of them sinks?
Why does this objects floats or sinks?

Explore (5 minutes)
C.EXPLORE
Balloon Skewer Experiment
Instructions to Push a Skewer through the
Balloon.

(Students
(The teacher will ask 5 volunteers from the class volunteering and
to perform the activity in the front.) going in the front)

Step-1: Inflate the Balloon

- Pick your own choice of the balloon then
blow it until its 3/4th way.

Step-2: Preparing the Wooden Skewer

- Please take a few drops of dish soap in a
bowl and dip the end of the skewer into it.
The dish soap liquid’s oil content acts as a
lubricant and stops the balloon from
popping out easily.
 Step-3: Decide the place where to insert the
Skewer
- Find the thickest areas of the balloon,
which we generally see at the bottom part
of the inflated balloon. I.e., at the neck of
the balloon.

Step-4: Inserting the Skewer

- Continue to push the skewer gently to the
other side of the balloon.

Density
D.EXPLAIN - is defined as the mass per unit volume of a
material. Its standard unit is kg/m3.
m
p=
v

where:
ρ is the density (Greek letter rho)
m is the mass
V is the volume
Mass and Density
- mass of a material is directly proportional
to its density.
- more massive an object is, the greater its
density. Students’ answers
Which has a greater density? may vary.

Volume and Density

- the volume of the material is inversely
proportional to its density.
- the greater the volume of an object, the
smaller its density.
Specific Gravity
- the ratio of the density of a material to the
density of pure water at 4°C.

- The density of water at 4°C is 1000 kg/m3

Lesson 14.2. Pressure

Barometer
- an instrument that measures the force
exerted on the surface of the earth by the
air or the atmospheric pressure.

 Toricelli’s experiment filling a 1-meter

tube with mercury and immersing the
opening end in a shallow pool of mercury
exposed to the air. The mercury inside the
tube dropped from 1-meter, to 760-mm or
76-cm and left a 24-cm vacuum.
 - In Fig. 14.2.1, the force of the air pressing
against the pool of mercury that keeps it
from dropping further is called the
atmospheric pressure.
- measuring the pressure involves force
exerted on some area can mathematically
express as;
F
p=
A

Where;
P is the pressure,
F is the applied force perpendicular to the surface
area A
The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), where
1 pascal is equal to 1 N/m2

Atmospheric Pressure
- the pressure exerted by gas particles in
Earth's atmosphere as those particles
collide with objects.
Magdeburg Hemispheres

- two hemispheres fit together having a

cross-sectional area of 95 cm2 to form an
air-tight seal.
- One hemisphere is attached to a vacuum
pump to suck all the air inside to form a
vacuum. After the vacuum is formed, we
can now try to pull each end of the
hemispheres to separate it.

The value of atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1

atm or 101 325 Pa. We know that the surface in
contact between the two hemispheres is 5 cm2 or
0.05 m2.
Now we can solve for the force needed to
separate the two hemispheres.

Thus, the force needed to separate the two

hemispheres is 5066.25 N.

Lesson 14.3 Pressure, Fluid Density, and Depth

Fluid Density
 It determines which object will sink or float in
a given fluid. Different fluids have different
fluid densities. It is an innate property of a
fluid that is independent of the amount of fluid
present.
 The denser the fluid is, the closer the
molecules that comprise it. Seawater has a
fluid density of 1.0273 × 103 kg/m3, while air
in the atmosphere has only 1.00 kg/m3.

This will result in higher pressure inside the

container. From the same figure, we can describe
the density using the formula;
Pressure and Height Relationship

- As you go deeper, more water molecules plus

the air above will be pushing down against
you.

- To determine how much pressure exists at

such depths, we will use the mathematical
equation that comes with two terms, and is
given by:

- The term ρgh in Equation 14.3.1 is the

pressure due to the weight of the fluid pushing
against the object submerged in the fluid.
- In addition, pressure is not affected by the
shape of the container, as shown in Fig. 14.3.3

Fig. 14.3.3. The pressure at the bottom of each column is the

same, regardless of the shape of the container.

Lesson 14.4 Pascal’s Principle

Pascal’s Principle
It states that, when a fluid is at rest in a closed
container, the pressure on one part of the
container is transmitted without any loss
throughout the fluid and the walls of the
container.

Let us say that the water bottle in Fig. 14.4.1 has a

small neck and a bigger body. If a force, F 1 is
applied in the fluid near the opening, the pressure
in this part of the container is calculated using the
equation,

- According to Pascal’s principle, this force

must be uniformly distributed throughout the
fluid and the walls of the container.

- The pressure on the wider part of the bottle is

described by the equation,

-
- Equating the pressure in both parts of the
container brings us to the mathematical
definition of Pascal’s principle, expressed as:

where:
F1 and F2 are forces in newtons (N); and
A1 and A2 are areas in square meters (m2).

Hydraulic Systems
- Some machines work by transmitting forces
through fluids rather than gears or levers.
 These machines are called hydraulic systems
or hydraulic machines. Note that hydraulic
systems only work when:
1. The liquids used in these systems are
incompressible; and
2. The liquid obeys Pascal’s principle.

Hydraulic Brakes
- Most car brakes are examples of hydraulic
systems. Most commonly known as hydraulic
brakes.

Hydraulic Jack
- A hydraulic jack is a machine that allows you
to lift heavy objects easier.
- In the figure, you can see that the hydraulic
jack can be divided into three parts, (1) the
input piston, (2) the liquid, and (3) the output
piston.

- When an input force is applied to the input

piston, its small area causes high pressure on
the liquid in the hydraulic jack.
- Since the output piston has a large area, the
high pressure will create a large output force.
This enables the system to multiply the input
force.
- Thus, allowing you to lift heavy objects with
the help of a hydraulic system.
Summary
1. The specific gravity of an object determines if
it sinks or floats in water.
2. In fluids, pressure can be described as the net
collision between the particles.
3. At a constant surface area, pressure is directly
proportional to force. On the other hand,
pressure is inversely proportional to area if
force is held constant.
4. A less dense object will always stay at the top
of a denser fluid, and a denser object will
always sink in a less dense fluid.
5. Pressure varies with depth within a fluid.
6. The farther you go towards the center of the
earth, the higher the pressure is.
7. Pressure is defined as the force exerted over a
unit area.
8. Pascal’s principle states that when a fluid is at
rest in a closed container, the pressure on one
part of the container is transmitted without any
loss throughout the fluid and the walls of the
container.
9. Hydraulic systems are machines that work by
transmitting forces through fluids rather than
gears or levers.
10. Hydraulic systems only work when the liquids
used are incompressible, and when the liquid
obeys Pascal’s principle.
11. Hydraulic brakes in cars and hydraulic jacks
 are examples of hydraulic systems.

Did You Know?

E. ELABORATE
Submarines can survive up to 243 m below the
surface. This is because they have a mechanism
that adjusts the pressure inside the submarine. It is
the difference in pressure that crushes the object.

Instruction: Solve the given problems and show

F. EVALUATION/ complete solution.
EXTEND
1. Water has a density of 1000 kg/m 3. How much
volume can be occupied by 500 g of water?

2. If Incredible Hulk, who weighs 350 kg,

suddenly jumps and drops in free fall, how much
pressure will the ground experience if the total
surface area of both of his feet is 0.2 m2?

3. If Black Manta, Aquaman’s archenemy, lives 8

km below sea level, how much pressure does he
experience?

4. A hydraulic jack is used to lift a 600-N wheel.

The areas of the input and output pistons are 0.2
m2 and 1.5 m2, respectively. Calculate the
minimum amount of force needed to lift the
wheel.

V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners
who require
additional activities
for remediation
B. Did the remedial
lessons work? No.
of learners who
have caught up with
the lesson
C. No. of learners
who continue to
require remediation
D. Which of
teaching strategies
worked well? Why
did it work?
E. What difficulties
did I encounter
which my school
administrator/superv
isor can help me
solve?