A.

Passive tenses:
T1: Present simple
S am PP I am often interviewed by my fans
S is PP The room is cleaned every two days
S are PP Dishes are often washed by my mother.
T2: Past simple
S was PP That washing machine was bought by my mother in 2010
S were PP His sons were punished 2 hours ago
T3: Future simple
S will be PP The hospital will be rebuilt soon
S shall be PP We shall be taken to the farm next week
T4:Present continuous
S am being PP I am being taken care of by some good doctors
S is being PP A cake is being made by my mother
S are being PP All the rooms are being decorated
T5: Past continuous
S was being PP The grass was being cut yesterday morning.
S were being PP His sons were being punished when I came
T6:Present Perfect
S has been PP His car has been washed by him for hours.
S have been PP The houses have not been repaired yet
T7: Past perfect
S had been PP Lunch had been cooked before she left.
Future perfect
S will have been PP The assignment will have been completed by the end of January.
S shall have been PP We shall have been interviewed by the end of this week

B. Passive Modals:
1. S modal V S modal be PP
will/shall/would/should/can/could/may/ might/must/need
had better/ ought to/ would rather /would sooner
They should change the plan The plan should be changed
We might/may put off our trip Our trip might/may be put off
We needn’t wash the car now The car needn’t be washed now
We would rather rebuild our house Our house would rather be rebuilt
They ought to buy the machine The machine ought to be bought
They had better not sell their house Their house had better not be sold

Notes
 S (be) to V S (be) to be PP

We are to read some books carefully
 S (be) able to V
They are able to repair the machine
 S ( be ) going to V
They are going to widen the road soon
 S ( have) to V
We had to break the wall last week
 S used to V
We used to collect rubbish on Sundays
Some books are to be carefully read
S (be) to be PP
The machine was able to be repaired
S ( be ) going to be PP
The road is going to be widened soon
S ( have) to be PP
The wall had to be broken down last week
S used to be PP
Rubbish used to be collected on Sundays

2. S modal have PP S modal have been PP

will/shall/would/should/can’t/could/may/ might/must/needn’t
ought to/ would rather /would sooner
 They must have changed the plan already The plan must have been changed already
The police might have arrested him He might have been arrested by the police
They shouldn’t have told her about it She shouldn’t have been told about it
They would rather have taken the trip The trip would rather have been taken

C. Passive verb forms:

1. PP: past participle
a. S (have/get) O PP
I will have/get my car washed
I had/got my apple stolen yesterday
b. Reduce forms of clauses
She enters. She is accompanied by her mother.
= She enters, accompanied by her mother
If the program is used properly, It can save a lot of time
= If used properly, It can save a lot of time
I like the tree which was cut last week
= I like the tree cut last week
2. to be PP : passive infinitive
I hope to be taken to their place
We want to be interviewed soon
They agreed to be divided into 3 groups
I am glad to be given the opportunity to go there
A new hospital is believed to be built soon= We believe that a new hospital will be built soon
The house which will be rebuilt next week is my sister’s
=The house to be rebuilt next week is my sister’s
The last student who was interviewed was Jack
The last student to be interviewed was Jack
3. being PP: Passive gerund
I am afraid of being punished
She detested being asked about her son
4. to have been PP : passive perfect infinitive
They seem to have been given a rise last week
He was said to have been arrested the week before= They said that he had been arrested the
week before
5. having been PP: passive perfect participle/ passive perfect gerund
Having been told about his actions, they felt so angry
= Because/ After they had been told about his actions, they felt so angry
He remembered having been taken to the farm before= He remembered being taken to ………
He denied
6. Ving: Present participle
The door needs/ wants /requires repairing= The door needs/ wants /required to be repaired
He deserved punishing=He deserved to be punished

Passive : noun clause say/ think/ believe/ report/ hope/expect/ know/ consider/ estimate/ suppose/
S1 V1 (that) S2 V2
 S1 : People, someone, everyone, they, we
 V1 : T1, T2
 V1 : say/ think/ believe/ report/ hope/expect/ know/ consider/ estimate/ suppose/
 That can be omitted
Way1:
S1 V1 that S2 V2
It V1 Passive that S2 V2
People say that many people are homeless after the floods.
=It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.
People said that many people were homeless after the floods.
=It was said that many people were homeless after the floods.
They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
=It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
They thought that the prisoner had escaped by climbing over the wall.
=It was thought that the prisoner had escaped by climbing over the wall.
We expect that the strike will begin tomorrow.
=It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow.
We expected that the strike would begin the next day.
=It was expected that the strike would begin the next day.
Someone reports that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
=It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident.
Someone reported that two people had been seriously injured in the accident
=It was reported that two people had been seriously injured in the accident
Everyone believe that the wanted man is living in New York.
It is believed that the wanted man is living in New York.
Everyone believed that the wanted man was living in New York.
It was believed that the wanted man was living in New York.
People know that he is very rich.
It is known that he is very rich.
People knew he was very rich.
It was known he was very rich.
They have said that the bridge will be widened soon
It has been said that the bridge will be widened soon
Way2:
S1 V1 that S2 V2
S2 V1 Passive to V
to be PP bị/ được
to be Ving đang
to have PP đả
to have been PP đả bị /được
to have been Ving đả và đang
a. V1 V2
T1 T1A, T3A = to V
T1P, T3P͢͢͢ T4P* = to be PP
T4A = to be Ving
T2A, T6A = to have PP
T2P, T6P = to have been PP
Present.perfect. continous = to have been Ving
People say that many people are homeless after the floods.
=Many people are said to be homeless after the floods
Everyone says that he plays sports well
=He is said to play sports well
We expect that the strike will begin tomorrow.
=The strike is expected to begin tomorrow.
We believe that the house is cleaned every day
=The house is believed to be cleaned every day
Someone says that the road will be widened next year
=The road is said to be widened next year
*Someone reports that the road is being widened now
=The road is reported to be widened now
= The road is reported to be being widened now
We believe that he is living in Paris now
=He is believed to be living in Paris now
People know that he was very rich 20 years ago.
=He is known to have been very rich 20 years ago
They think that the prisoners escaped by climbing over the wall.
=The prisoners are thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall
We believe that he has returned to Paris
=He is believed to have returned to Paris
Someone says that two people were arrested last week.
=Two people are said to have been arrested last week
They think that his house has been sold
=His house is thought to have been sold
They say that he has been working for a foreign company for 20 years
=He is said to have been working for a foreign company for 20 years
Note:
1. Jack says that Mary likes play
=It is said by Jack that Mary likes play
=Mary is said by Jack to like plays
2. V1=T6 thay cho T1
They report that the bridge was repaired
=It is reported that the bridge was repaired(T2P=to have been pp)
=The bridge is reported to have been repaired

They have reported that the bridge was repaired 5 days ago
=It has been reported that the bridge was repaired 5 days ago
=The bridge has been reported to have been repaired 5 days ago
Someone says that the road will be widened next year
=It is said that that the road will be widened next year
=The road is said to be widened next year
Someone has just said that the road will be widened next year
=It has just been said that that the road will be widened next year
=The road has just been said to be widened next year
 b. V1 V2
T2 T2A, would V = to V
T2P, would be pp, T5 P* = to be PP
T5A = to be Ving
T7A = to have PP
T7P = to have been PP
Past.perf. cont = to have been Ving
People said that many people were homeless after the floods.
=Many people were said to be homeless after the floods.
Everyone said that he played sports well
=He was said to play sports well
We expected that the strike would begin the next day.
=The strike was expected to begin the next day
We believed that the house was cleaned every day
=The house was believed to be cleaned every day
Someone said that the road would be widened the next year
=The road was said to be widened the next year
Someone reported that the road was being widened then
=The road was reported to be widened then
=The road was reported to be being widened then
We believed that he was living in Paris then
=He was believed to be living in Paris then
People knew that he had been very rich.
=He was known to have been very rich
They thought that the prisoners had escaped by climbing over the wall.
=The prisoners were thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall
Someone said that two people had been arrested the week before
=Two people were said to have been arrested the week before
They said that he had been working for a foreign company for 20 years
=He was said to have been working for a foreign company for 20 years

Note : T4P , T5P= to be PP/ to be being PP

*Someone reports that the road is being widened now
The road is reported to be widened/ to be being widened now
Someone reported that the road was being widened then
*The road was reported to be widened / to be being widened then
* Mrs. Brown said that two people had been arrested the week before
It was said by Mrs. Brown that two people had been arrested the week before
Two people were said by Mrs. Brown to have been arrested the week before
Chia thì ( noun clause)

V1 V2
T1 cùng thời gian so với V1 T1
Đang xảy ra so với V1 T4
Sẽ xảy ra so với V1 T3
Đả xảy ra so với V1 T2/T6
Đả và đang xảy ra so với V1 pres.per.cont

V1 V2
T2 cùng thời gian so với V1 T2
Đang xảy ra so với V1 T5
Sẽ xảy ra so với v1 would V/be PP
Đả xảy ra so với V1 T7
Đả và đang xảy ra so với V1 past.per.cont

1. They believed that he ……………the door the previous day

A. broke B. would break
B. has broken D. had broken

2. They think that the prisoners ..............by climbing over the wall .
A. has escaped B. escape C. had escaped D would escaped

3. They (believe) she ( do ) her business in Paris now

believe is doing
They (believe) she ( do ) her business in Paris then
believed was doing
It is believe she ( do ) her business in Paris now
is doing
It was believe she ( do ) her business in Paris then
was doing
She is believe ( do ) her business in Paris now
to be doing
She was believe ( do ) her business in Paris then
to be doing
4. He is said ………..the door yesterday
A. to break B. to have broken C. he broke D . broke

5. He was believed …………………….back yet

A. not to come B. not to have come C to have not come D hadn’t come
6. They believed that he had sold his house already
A. It is believed that that he had sold his house already
B. They believed that his house has been sold already
C. His house was believed to have been sold already
D. He was believed to sell his house already
7. The hall is said …………….. soon
A. to be decorated B. to decorate C, to have decorated D. that it will be decorated