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Civil Services
It is the backbone of the administrative machinery of the country. It has
played a vital role in several national activities such as the conduct of free
and fair elections, disaster response, construction and maintenance of
critical infrastructure such as highways and railways. The role of
bureaucracy in preserving national unity and integrity is unimaginable. This
is the reason why our Indian Constitution provides them protection from
political interference and undue harassment through Articles 310, 311 and
312.
What is the history of Civil Services in India?
From the study of historical literature, public administration in India can be
traced to the manuscripts of the Arthashastra written by Kautilya.
In modern times, the basic concept of 'civil service' can be traced back to
the British Royal Charters, which gave the East India Company powers to
raise a cadre of soldiers - for both civil and military purposes. The civil
services soon became a 'steel frame' to maintain control over the vast
British Empire. In 1765 the term 'civil servant' began to be used in the
official records of the Company. Lord Cornwallis is known as the father of
civil services in India. Civil servants of the East India Company were
nominated by the directors of the Company and then trained at Haileybury
College in London and then sent to India. The concept of a merit-based
modern civil service was introduced in India in 1854, following Lord
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Macaulay's report of the Select Committee of the British Parliament. For this
purpose, a Civil Service Commission was set up in London in 1854 and
competitive examinations were introduced in 1855.
Initially, the Indian Civil Services examinations were held only in London. In
1864 the first Indian, Mr. Satyendranath Tagore, brother of Mr.
Rabindranath Tagore, succeeded. Three years later 4 other Indians
succeeded. From 1922 the Indian Civil Services Examination began to be
held in India as well, first in Allahabad and later in Delhi with the
establishment of the Federal Public Service Commission.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's debate in the Constituent Assembly (almost
single-handedly) inspired India to establish a civil service in independent
India.
1. He expressed his opinion on civil services, "On the point of patriotism, on
the point of loyalty, on the point of honesty, and on the point of ability,
there can be no substitute for them in India".
2. Apart from this, he also mentioned, that "without civil services there
would be anarchy in the country".
3. An efficient All India Service must "express its opinion without fear or
favor" of political class.
Next in class
1. Functions of Civil Servants
2. Contribution of civil servants to democracy
3. Role of civil servants in the development of India
4. Deficiencies of civil service and bureaucracy
5. Civil Service Reforms and Committees
6. Civil Constitutional Provisions
7. Relevance of bureaucracy in the era of liberalization

U :
https://t.me/UWAAUPSC
SUNDAY: Prelims TEST +Mains Answer Writing Practice
Medium of study: English / Hindi