EFFECTS OF TIME MANAGEMENT TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF GRADE 12 WORKING STUDENTS IN TAGAYTAY CITY SCIENCE

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL S.Y 2019-2020

Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of the Senior High School
Tagaytay City Science National High School
Tagaytay City

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements
For practical research

Amellana, Reynaldo N.
Fernandez, Dustin Jakob M.
Reosa, Rommel A.
Anahaw, Michelle L.

April 2020
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all , we thank God and the Almighty for the blessings , strenght , and wisdom that he

gived us to finish the research study successfully.

We would like to express our sincere and deep gratitude to the respondents for helping us in

the validation, to Mrs. Josefa Mendoza and Ms. Mj Domagtoy for being the panelist to our

oral defense, to Mrs. Rosario Reyes (Practical Research 2 Subject Teacher), and for the

recommending approval of Mark Anthony M. Rellores (Research Coordinator), Mrs.

Bernadette S. Dumayas (Senior High School Coordinator) and to our very own Mr.

Magdaleno R. Lubigan (Principal IV of Tagaytay City Science National High School). It was a

great privilege to work out this research study through the guidance and help of those

teachers. We would like also to thank them for having patience during the process and

preparation until the day of the Oral Defense.

We are extremely grateful to our parents for their support , sacrifices , prayers , love , and

care for educating and preparing us for our future and a special thanks to our friends and

classmates for being with us.

i
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this research to our almighty God, our creator, redeemer, source of

inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding on everything and the one who guide

and never leave us in making this research;

To our parents who gave us the financial support for making this research possible and

without them were not able to be successful in our work;

To our teachers who guide and support us just to make this research easily understand

and accomplish;

To our classmates for giving their moral support and encourage us to finish this

research;

And to the researcher for their working hard just to complete this research properly.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgment i

Dedication ii

Table of Contents iii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 2

Hypothesis 2

Definition of Terms 2

Scope and Delimitation 3

Significance of the Study 3

Conceptual Framework 4

Theoretical Framework 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Review of Related Literature 6

Synthesis 8

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Methods of Research 9

Methods of Collecting Data and Development of the Research 9

Sampling Design 10

iii
 Statistical Treatment 10

REFERENCES

Appendices

Appendix A v

Instrument if the Study

Appendix B vi

Documentation

Appendix C vii

Certification from English critic and Statistician

Appendix D viii

Curriculum Vitae

iii
I. Introduction

Does time really matter? Some students take time as treasure while others take it for

granted. One of the most crucial elements for a student and a worker is time. But, what if

the role of being a student and a worker combined? How crucial it is for a working students

to properly do their responsibilities with schedule. Given that the responsibilities of a

student in senior high school demands much of their academic attention because of

reasons, it is very challenging to balance academics and work.

Tagaytay City Science National High School (TCSNHS) offers a senior high school

program in accordance with DepEd’s K-12 system. TCSNHS have enrollees of 34 working

students in Grade 11 and Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM), Humanities and Social Science (HUMSS), Accountancy and Business Management

(ABM), and General Academic Strand (GAS) strand. Their classes start at exactly 7:15 am up

to 2:20 pm for Grade 12 while it is up until 4:00 pm for Grade 11. Many students engaged

themselves in big responsibilities and they become too busy and fully occupied which can

cause different mental issues that can tone down their ability to think and be attentive in

class this may lead to negative effects on academic performance (Darolia, 2014).

Researchers are interested on how time management can be efficiently applied to the

cases of working students in Senior High School, specifically Grade 12 working students.

Primarily, the aim of this research is to determine how time management would be

influential and efficient for the benefit of these working students. Moreover, the purpose of

this research is to contain the procedure within the limitations confined within Tagaytay

City Science National High School.

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II. Statement of the Problem

The researchers aim to know if time management have an effect in working students.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the academic performance of the respondents?

2. Why do the respondents prefer to have jobs while studying?

3. How do the respondents exercise time management?

4. What are the effects of time management to the academic performance of the

respondents?

III. Hypothesis

Based in the specific problem stated, the hypotheses are as follows:

Ho: There is no significant effects between time management of Grade 12 working

students and their academic performance.

Ha: There is significant effect between time management of Grade 12 working students

and their academic performance

IV. Definition of Terms

In this research, some significant terms will be defined operationally:

1. Academic performance - it is the tool used to measure how effective does time

management is for a working student that can be seen in their cards.

2. Grade 12 working students - they are the 20 Grade 12 working students studying in

TCSNHS who serves as the respondents in the study.

3. Time management - It is the skills that working student practice to maintain their

academic performance while working.

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V. Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted to prove the effectiveness of time management to the

academic performances of Grade 12 students. Specifically, working students in STEM,

HUMSS, ABM, and GAS strand of Tagaytay City Science National High School will serve

as the respondents. The study will be conducted during school year 2019-2020.

To gather data, the researcher will use self-made questionnaire through Grade 11

working students as participants for validation with a total of 14 working students, that

will be distributed to the respondents which is the Grade 12 working students to

personally answer it with a total of 20 working students.

In choosing the respondents, the researcher will use purposive sampling, since the

study will focus only to those working students.

The study will only focus on knowing the effectiveness of time management to the

academic performance of Grade 12 working students and will not cover any other

factors that might affect the working students academic performance.

VI. Significance of the study

The study will benefit most of the respondents and participants of the study but

mostly it will also benefit the following;

Students- it can help the students to create techniques, that can help them in

handling their priorities properly.

Teachers- they can use this study in guiding working students who’s having a hard

time in managing their time in studying and working.

Parents- this study will help parents in making idea for nurturing and motivating

their child who’s struggling with time management.

Future Researchers- this study can be a great help especially in gathering data for

the similar topic.

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VII. Conceptual Framework

Time Management of

a working student

(Independent Variable)
Effectiveness of time

management and

Academic Performances
Conducting survey through
of a Grade 12 working
Survey questionnaire
student in Tagaytay City

Science National High

School
Academic Performances

(Dependent Variable)

The figure above shows the conceptual framework of the study. The dependent

variable is the academic performance while the independent variable is the time

management of a working student. The researcher is guided by this variable to come up

their research instrument which is survey questionnaire.

VIII. Theoretical Framework

There are a number of theories that explain about time management skills at

workplace, school and many other institutions but in this study we’re gonna use one.

Pickle Jar Theory

The pickle jar theory is a powerful tool in visualizing proper time management. It can be

used by anyone to create an effective time management.

4
 Covey (1989) explain that, the theory revolves around the idea of a pickle jar. Imagine

you placed three large rocks into it. You might think that no other rocks could possibly fit

into your jar. Perhaps you then take some small pebbles and put them into the jar. They fit!

They slip in between the large rocks. Now you might think that your jar is full. However you

take some sand and sprinkle it into the jar. You find that it too can fit amongst the large

rocks and pebbles. Lastly, you add water to the jar until it was full. Once more, you find you

can fit more in.

The theory tells us that our life is much like the jar. We have major priorities that are

symbolized by the three large rocks. Next we have hobbies that are pebbles. Then we also

have tasks and things we must do like the sand. Finally, there have the distractions that force

their way into your schedule like the water.

Therefore, for example, primary school teachers and students expected to prioritize

their teaching activities so as every activity to be done as its own time. Not allowing hobbies

or any other distractions to interfere their teaching and learning schedule hence improving

academic performance.

5
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The problem of how to manage time was already been discussed in the 1950s

and 1960s by several authors (Drucken 1967, Lakein, 1974, MacKenzie, 1954 &

McCay, 1959). Time management is the process of planning and exercising time

effectively to increase productivity of an individual (Wikipedia, 2019). Although

there is no agreement on the definitions of time management a lot of authors still

conceptualized it. Such as Estes (2012), suggested that, time management is the art

of arranging, organizing, and budgeting one’s time for purpose.

Also Gupta (2001) explains that, time management is a process constituted a

series of steps which involves the analysis of our habit, clarification of objectives,

establishment of priorities and taking positive action against time wasters to avoid

procrastination.

In the relevant literature there is a great number of academic studies focsuing

on the relation between time management and GPA (Indreica, 2011). When people

hear the term “academic performance” they often think of a person’s GPA (Williams,

2018). According to Derek (1981) states that academic performance is the measured

of ability and achievement level of learner in school.

Academic performance mirrors the old adage (Morrall, 2019). In addition of

Brown (2019) states that, a person level of functioning on academic tasks, most

often reflected in grades and test scores.

In the study of Macan et al. (1990), one hundred and sixty-five students

completed the questionnaire assessing their time management and revealed that

the most predictive factor was perceived control of time. Students who control their

6
time reported significantly greater evaluations of their performance, greater work

and life satisfaction, less role ambiguity,and less role overload.

In a very different perspective (Arceo, C., Dunca, M., & Tena, L., 2013) academic

performance of a working students have attracted attention among teachers and

students. This may empower them for lifelong learning to their journey to success to

hindered by their busy schedule and always no time to their study and academic

performances. In research conducted by Sevari and Kandy (2011), the effect of time

management skills on self-efficacy and academic performance was tested. The

results from the study showed that the training of time management skills to

increase academic performance and self-efficacy is influential. Tanriogen and Iscan

(2009) determined that students’ time management skills affect their academic

achievement at a significant level. It was suggested at the end of this research that

students should start to adopt effective time management attitudes and techniques

to determine how and where they spend time.

Variables Authors Observation concepts

7
 Macan et al. (1990) Students who control their
time reported significantly
greater evaluations of
their performance, greater
work and life satisfaction,
less role ambiguity,and
less role overload.
Arceo, C., Dunca, M., & Training of time
management skills to
Tena, L., (2013)
increase academic
performance and self-
efficacy is influential.
Tanriogen and Iscan Determined that students’
time management skills
(2009)
affect their academic
achievement at a
significant level

In the study of Macan et al. (1990), students who control their time reported

significantly greater evaluations of their performance, greater work and life

satisfaction, less role ambiguity,and less role overload. In addition of Arceo, C.,

Dunca, M., & Tena, L., (2013), Training of time management skills to increase

academic performance and self-efficacy is influential. Lastly, Tanriogen and Iscan

(2009), determined that students’ time management skills affect their academic

achievement at a significant level.

8
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Methods of Research

The experimental design method of research was used in the study the

effectiveness of time management to the academic performance of Grade 12

working student.

Experimental method is a systematic and scientific approach to research in

which the researcher manipulates one or more variable, and controls and measures

any change in other variable (Explorable.com, 2019). The researcher will use this

design since not all working student manage their time effectively, and some

working student may not have time management at all.

With the use of this design, the researcher will be able to determine the

effectiveness of time management in a working students.

Methods of Collecting Data and Development of the Research

In gathering the needed data, the researchers seek for the validation of

questionnaire and approval of the current principal Dr. Magdaleno “Toto” Lubigan,

Principal IV of Tagaytay City Science National High School for conducting the survey

in school through school letter. After the approval of the principal, the researchers

will proceed in conducting the survey to the respondents. The respondents of the

study are the Grade 12 working students in Tagaytay City Science National High

School. It consist of 20 students from Grade 12 STEM, HUMSS, ABM, and GAS.

After gathering the data, the researchers will now find out if time management

has a great effects in the academic performances of working students. The

researchers will used survey questionnaire as their instrument. It will be distributed

9
to those Grade 12 working students. The questionnaire answers the specific

questionnaire in the statement of the problem. The questionnaire is a form of

scaling questionnaire: Likert-scaled. The respondents were to choose from 5-point

score: Strongly Disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A), and Strongly

Agree (SA). The respondents were asked to put check on each statement based on

their perception on the statement in regard to time management. It is in the use of

scaling were 5 is the highest possible score and 1 as the lowest, for respondents to

answer it easily. After answering the questionnaire, the researchers will make a tally

of the answers and will make sure that all the information will remain confidential

and secure, and specifically it is between the researchers and respondents only.

The subject for validation questionnaire will determine if the working students

with time management will be much effective than those who don’t practice time

management in terms of academic performance and work.

Sampling Design

In this study, the researchers will use purposive sampling. In this sampling

technique, it will allow the researchers to identify and determine the effectiveness

of time management to the academic performance of Grade 12 students working.

Statistical Treatment

To interpret the data effectively, the researchers will use the following statistical

treatment. The percentage mean, and the T-test are the tools use to interpret the

data.

1. Mean

The mean will use to determine the center of data and to measure the

dispersion of data.

10
 = sample mean of 1st group.
X 1
nd
= sample mean of 2 group.
X 2
st
n = sample size of 1 group.
1
nd
n = sample size of 2 group.
2
st
2= variance of 1 group.
s1
nd
2= variance of 2 group.
s2

11
 APPENDIX A

Instrument of the study

v
Dear Respondents,
We are researchers from STEM 12-Vanadium with a research topic entitled
“Effectiveness of Ameliorating Time Management to the Academic performance of a Grade
12 working students in Tagaytay City Science National High School S.Y 2019-2020”. You are
invited to be one of the respondents on our survey. The purpose of this questionnaire is to
know how effective does time management in a working students by getting your feedback
in answering. We hope that you take this survey seriously.
Rest assured that your answers will remain confidential and they will be only used to
finish our study and to reach our goal.
The Researcher

Name (optional): Sex:

Grade: Section:
Why do you prefer to have jobs while you are studying? (Please check as many as you can)
Financial Difficulties Interest
Out of Boredom Gain Experiences
To be Independent
Others, please specify
Direction: In your experience as a working student how do you exercise each of the
following. Put a check in the table that corresponds your answer. God bless!
1-Strongly Disagree 2-Disagree 3-Neural 4-Agree 5-Strongly Agree
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. I use my time properly.

2. I perform task in order of priority.

3. I make sure to pass my requirements on

time despite heavy-work in my job.
4. I always work out strategies for carrying
out my daily duties.
5. I always organize my things to do in
accordance to the level of effort it needed.
6. .I always look ahead for the upcoming
events or activities so I won’t be pressured
when the time comes.
7. I always set goals to meet my
responsibilities.
8. I spend enough time planning.

9. I can focus on my study and work.

10. I schedule the activities that address my
priorities and personal goals.
11. I plan to know which tasks to do or must
be completed.
12. I have a clear idea of what I want to
accomplish during the coming semester.
13. I can avoid being late in school.

14. I am able to meet deadline without

rushing at the last minute
15.I accomplish what needs to be done
during the day.
 APPENDIX B

Documentation

vi
Documentation for validation
 APPENDIX C

Certification from English critic and Statistician

vii
 APPENDIX D

Curriculum Vitae

vii
REYNALDO N. AMELLANA

189 Sta.Monica Sungay West, Tagaytay City

Mobile: 09471770174

102698amellana@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To be part of the company and share my knowledge and skills beyond my capabilities.
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : October 26 1998

Age : 20 yrs.old
Place of Birth : Buenavista,Agusan Del Norte
Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Tagaytay City Elementary School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL : Sungay West, Tagaytay City
High School :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Tagaytay City Science National High School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL: Sungay West, Tagaytay City

SKILLS
Computer Skills
LANGUAGE
English and Filipino
I solemnly declare that all the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

REYNALDO N. AMELLANA
DUSTIN JAKOB M. FERNANDEZ

Brgy. Lumil,Silang,Cavite Verona subdiv Phase2 blk35 lot26

Mobile: 0949-398-6570

Dustinjakobfernandez42@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To be part of the company and share my knowledge and skills up to extent of my

capabilities

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : September 3 2001

Age :18 yrs. old
Place of Birth : Calamba Laguna
Status : Single
Religion : Christian
Nationality : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Tagayatay CIty Central School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL : Sungay West, Tagaytay City
High School :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Tagaytay City Science National High School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL: Sungay West, Tagaytay City

SKILLS
Computer skills
LANGUAGE
English, Filipino and French

I solemnly declare that all the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

DUSTIN JAKOB M. FERNANDEZ

ROMMEL A. REOSA

Purok 9 Lalaan II Silang, Cavite

Mobile: 0908-495-3113

Yokai22Yokai@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To be part of the company and share my knowledge and skills up to extent of my

capabilities

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : December 22, 2002

Age : 16 yrs old
Place of Birth : Lalaan 2nd Silang, Cavite
Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Brudrick Marion School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL : Vilbay St. Tagaytay City
High School :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Tagaytay City Science National High School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL: Sungay West, Tagaytay City

SKILLS
Computer Skills Communication Skills
Academic Skills
LANGUAGE
English and Filipino

I solemnly declare that all the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

ROMMEL A. REOSA
MICHELLE L. ANAHAW

Purok 4 Tolentino St. Brgy Puting Kahoy Silang, Cavite

Mobile: 0977-774 -3164

jamielle.anahaw@gmail.com

OBJECTIVE

To be part of the company and share my knowledge and skills beyond my capabilities.
PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth : June 15, 2002

Age : 17 yrs old
Place of Birth : Hukay, Silang, Cavite
Status : Single
Religion : Seventh-Day Adventist
Nationality : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Puting Kahoy Elementary School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL : Puting Kahoy, Silang, Cavite
High School :
NAME OF THE SCHOOL : Lumil National High School
ADDRESS OF THE SCHOOL: Lumil, Silang, Cavite

SKILLS
Communication Skills
Academic Skills
LANGUAGE
English and Filipino

I solemnly declare that all the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.

MICHELLE L. ANAHAW