A B C D E F G H I J K

1 ****====DESIGN OF CONCRETE RETAINING WALL====****

2
3 Table 1: Unit weights w, effective angles of internal friction φ, and coefficients of friction with concrete f.
4 w, kN/m³ φ, degrees f, coefficient
5 1. Soil or gravel without fine particles, 17.25 - 18.85 33 -40 0.5 -0.6
6 highly permeable.
7 2. Sand or gravel with silt mixture, low 18.85 - 20.40 25 - 35 0.4 - 0.5
8 permeability
9 3. Silty sand, sand and gravel with high 17.25 - 18.85 23 - 30 0.3 - 0.4
10 clay content
11 4. Medium or stiff clay 15.70 - 18.85 25 - 35 0.2 - 0.4
12 5. Soft clay, silt 14.10 - 17.25 20 -25 0.2 - 0.3
13
14 Retaining wall Dimensions Adopted based on Height of Wall Required at site Calculated Provided
15 Height of Retaining Wall up to Ground Level From Base b = 2.74 M
16 Height of Retaining Wall up to Top Level From Ground Level h = 5.26 M
17 Total Height of Retaining Wall H = H = h+b 8 M
18 Base width of Retaining Wall B = 0.5 H To 0.7 H 4.8 5M
19 Base Thickness of Retaining Wall d = H/8 To H/6 1.3333333 1.25 M
20 Stem Thickness of Retaining Wall at top a = 0.3 M To H/12 0.6666667 0.6 M
21 Heel Length of Retaining Wall e = B - ((H-d)/H.G)-e-a 0.95 M
22 Toe Length of Retaining Wall f = d/2 To d 0.75 M
23 Hydraulic Gradient = 2.5
24
25
26 0.6
27 qs = 0.00
28
29
30
31
32 5.26
0.95

0.75

33
34
35
36 2.74 1.25
37
38 Solution: (Use class 2 of the table given above)
39 Composite Section c7 W7
40
41 a h'
42
43 W5
W3 c5
44 W6
W4 c6
45 c3 c4
46 5.26 h
47 W2
c2 W1
48
f
49 2.74
d c1
50
51
B
52
53 Soil pressure coefficient, Rankine equation for horizontal soil surface
54 φ= 25 ° Passive soil pressure coefficient
55 w= 18 kN/m³
1  sin 
56 qs = 0.00 kPa C ph  = 2.46
1  sin 
57 h' = 0.000 m
58 Distances computation
59 Active soil pressure coefficient c1 = B/2 = 2.5000 m
60 c2 = e/2 = 0.4750 m
1  sin 
61 C ah  = 0.405859 c3 = e + a/2 = 1.2500 m
1  sin 
62 c4 = (B - 2e - a)/3 + e + a = 2.3833 m
63 c5 = B - e + e/2 = 4.5250 m
 A B C D E F G H I J K
64 c6 = (B - 2e - a)2/3 + e + a = 3.2167 m
65 c7 = (B - e - a)/2 + e + a = 3.2750 m
66 Given retaining wall dimensions:
67 a= 0.60 m Passive soil pressure:
68 b= 2.74 m h = b= 2.74 m
69 c= 5.26 m 1
70 d= 1.25 m Pph  C ph wh 2 = 166.4826 kN
2
71 e= 0.95 m
h
72 f= 0.75 m y ph 
3
73 Active soil pressure: = 0.913333 m
74 h= b+c= 8.00 m Tentative wall base dimension:
1
75 Pah  C ah wh h  2 h ' = 233.7745 kN B= 5.00 m
2
76
h 2  3hh'
77 y ah  = 2.666667 m
3h  2h'
78
79 Check retaining wall stability: wc = 24.00 kN/m³
80 Friction coeff., f = 0.40
81
82 component weights Wi ci RM=Wici
83 W1 = Bdwc = 150.000 2.5000 375.000
84 W2 = e(b - d)ws = 25.479 0.4750 12.103
85 W3 = a(b + c - d)wc = 97.200 1.2500 121.500
86 W4 = (B - 2e - a)(b + c - d)wc/2 = 202.500 2.3833 482.625
87 W5 = (B - 2e - a)(b + c - d)ws/2 = 151.875 4.5250 687.234
88 W6 = e(b + c - d)ws = 115.425 3.2167 371.284
89 W7 = qs(B - e - a) = 0.000 3.2750 0.000
90 ΣWi = 742.479 ΣWici = 2049.746
91
92 Overturning moment: OM Factor of safety against overturning:
93 OM = Pahyah = 623.399 kN-m RM   Wi ci
94 Location of resultant with respect to toe: FS overturning  = 3.2880172958 > 2.00, ok!
OM  Pah y ah
95
RM  OM
96 x = 1.92106 m Factor of safety against sliding:
Rv  Wi
97
B
FS sliding 
 fR
v  f  Wi   Pph
98 e x = 0.57894 m = 1.98256967574 > 1.50, ok!
2 Pah
99
100
101 B/3 = 1.67 m
102 the middle third of the base. No tension will occur on the foundation.
103 Rv  6e 
104
qmax  1  2 
min B B  qmax = 182.353 kPa
105 qmin = 114.639 kPa
106 qa = 80 kPa
107 qmax>qa.
108
109
110
111
112 0.60
113 Retaining Wall Details qs = 0.00
114
115
116
117
0.75

118 5.26
0.95

119
120
121
122 2.74 1.25
123
124
125 5.00 m
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
1 ****====DESIGN OF CONCRETE RETAINING WALL====****
2
3 Table 1: Unit weights w, effective angles of internal friction φ, and coefficients of friction with concrete f.
4 w, kN/m³ φ, degrees f, coefficient
5 1. Soil or gravel without fine particles, 17.25 - 18.85 33 -40 0.5 -0.6
6 highly permeable.
7 2. Sand or gravel with silt mixture, low 18.85 - 20.40 25 - 35 0.4 - 0.5
8 permeability
9 3. Silty sand, sand and gravel with high 17.25 - 18.85 23 - 30 0.3 - 0.4
10 clay content
11 4. Medium or stiff clay 15.70 - 18.85 25 - 35 0.2 - 0.4
12 5. Soft clay, silt 14.10 - 17.25 20 -25 0.2 - 0.3
13
14 Retaining wall Dimensions Adopted based on Height of Wall Required at site Calculated Provided 1.333333
15 Height of Retaining Wall up to Ground Level From Base b = 3 M
16 Height of Retaining Wall up to Top Level From Ground Level h = 5 M
17 Total Height of Retaining Wall H = H = h+b 8 M
18 Base width of Retaining Wall B = 0.5 H To 0.7 H 4.8 4.8 M
19 Base Thickness of Retaining Wall d = H/8 To H/6 1.3333333 1.3 M
20 Stem Thickness of Retaining Wall at top a = 0.3 M To H/12 0.6666667 0.6 M
21 Heel Length of Retaining Wall e = B - ((H-d)/H.G)-e-a 0.77 M
22 Toe Length of Retaining Wall f = d/2 To d 0.75 M
23 Hydraulic Gradient = 2.5
24
25
26 0.6
27 qs = 0.00
28
29
30
31
32 5
0.77

0.75

33
34
35
36 3 1.3
37
38 Solution: (Use class 2 of the table given above)
39 Composite Section c7 W7
40
41 a h'
42
43 W5
W3 c5
44 W6
W4 c6
45 c3 c4
46 5 h
47 W2
c2 W1
48
f
49 3
d c1
50
51
B
52
53 Soil pressure coefficient, Rankine equation for horizontal soil surface
54 φ= 20 ° Passive soil pressure coefficient
55 w= 18 kN/m³
1  sin 
56 qs = 0.00 kPa C ph  = 2.04
1  sin 
57 h' = 0.000 m
58 Distances computation
59 Active soil pressure coefficient c1 = B/2 = 2.4000 m
60 c2 = e/2 = 0.3850 m
1  sin 
61 C ah  = 0.4902906 c3 = e + a/2 = 1.0700 m
1  sin 
62 c4 = (B - 2e - a)/3 + e + a = 2.2567 m
63 c5 = B - e + e/2 = 4.4150 m
64 c6 = (B - 2e - a)2/3 + e + a = 3.1433 m
65 c7 = (B - e - a)/2 + e + a = 3.0850 m
66 Given retaining wall dimensions:
67 a= 0.60 m Passive soil pressure:
68 b= 3.00 m h = b= 3.00 m
69 c= 5.00 m 1
70 d= 1.30 m Pph  C ph wh 2 = 165.2081 kN
2
71 e= 0.77 m
h
72 f= 0.75 m y ph 
3
73 Active soil pressure: = 1m
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
74 h= b+c= 8.00 m Tentative wall base dimension:
1
75 Pah  C ah wh h  2 h ' = 282.40738 kN B= 4.80 m
2
76
h 2  3hh'
77 y ah  = 2.6666667 m
3h  2h'
78
79 Check retaining wall stability: wc = 24.00 kN/m³
80 Friction coeff., f = 0.40
81
82 component weights Wi ci RM=Wici
83 W1 = Bdwc = 149.760 2.4000 359.424
84 W2 = e(b - d)ws = 23.562 0.3850 9.071
85 W3 = a(b + c - d)wc = 96.480 1.0700 103.234
86 W4 = (B - 2e - a)(b + c - d)wc/2 = 213.864 2.2567 482.620
87 W5 = (B - 2e - a)(b + c - d)ws/2 = 160.398 4.4150 708.157
88 W6 = e(b + c - d)ws = 92.862 3.1433 291.896
89 W7 = qs(B - e - a) = 0.000 3.0850 0.000
90 ΣWi = 736.926 ΣWici = 1954.402
91
92 Overturning moment: OM Factor of safety against overturning:
93 OM = Pahyah = 753.086 kN-m RM   Wi ci
94 Location of resultant with respect to toe: FS overturning  = 2.59518991891 > 2.00, ok!
OM  Pah y ah
95
RM  OM
96 x = 1.63017 m Factor of safety against sliding:
Rv  Wi
97
B
FS sliding 
 fR
v  f  Wi   Pph
98 e x = 0.76983 m = 1.62877662462 > 1.50, ok!
2 Pah
99
100
101 B/3 = 1.60 m
102 the middle third of the base. No tension will occur on the foundation.
103 Rv  6e 
104
qmax  1  2 
min B  B  qmax = 184.3115 kPa
105 qmin = 122.741 kPa
106 qa = 80 kPa
107 qmax>qa.
108
109
110
111
112 0.60
113 Retaining Wall Details qs = 0.00
114
115
116
117
0.75

118 5.00
0.77

119
120
121
122 3.00 1.30
123
124
125 4.80 m
126
 A B C D E F G H I J K
1 ****====DESIGN OF CONCRETE RETAINING WALL====****
2
3 Table 1: Unit weights w, effective angles of internal friction φ, and coefficients of friction with concrete f.
4 w, kN/m³ φ, degrees f, coefficient
5 1. Soil or gravel without fine particles, 17.25 - 18.85 33 -40 0.5 -0.6
6 highly permeable.
7 2. Sand or gravel with silt mixture, low 18.85 - 20.40 25 - 35 0.4 - 0.5
8 permeability
9 3. Silty sand, sand and gravel with high 17.25 - 18.85 23 - 30 0.3 - 0.4
10 clay content
11 4. Medium or stiff clay 15.70 - 18.85 25 - 35 0.2 - 0.4
12 5. Soft clay, silt 14.10 - 17.25 20 -25 0.2 - 0.3
13
14 Retaining wall Dimensions Adopted based on Height of Wall Required at site Calculated Provided
15 Height of Retaining Wall up to Ground Level From Base b = 3 M
16 Height of Retaining Wall up to Top Level From Ground Level h = 5 M
17 Total Height of Retaining Wall H = H = h+b 8 M
18 Base width of Retaining Wall B = 0.5 H To 0.7 H 4.8 5M
19 Base Thickness of Retaining Wall d = H/8 To H/6 1.3333333 1.5 M
20 Stem Thickness of Retaining Wall at top a = 0.3 M To H/12 0.6666667 0.5 M
21 Heel Length of Retaining Wall e = B - ((H-d)/H.G)-e-a 1.15 M
22 Toe Length of Retaining Wall f = d/2 To d 0.75 M
23 Hydraulic Gradient = 2.5
24
25
26 0.5
27 qs = 0.00
28
29
30
31
32 5
1.15

0.75

33
34
35
36 3 1.5
37
38 Solution: (Use class 2 of the table given above)
39 Composite Section c7 W7
40
41 a h'
42
43 W5
W3 c5
44 W6
W4 c6
45 c3 c4
46 5 h
47 W2
c2 W1
48
f
49 3
d c1
50
51
B
52
53 Soil pressure coefficient, Rankine equation for horizontal soil surface
54 φ= 20 ° Passive soil pressure coefficient
55 w= 15 kN/m³
1  sin 
56 qs = 0.00 kPa C ph  = 2.04
1  sin 
57 h' = 0.000 m
58 Distances computation
59 Active soil pressure coefficient c1 = B/2 = 2.5000 m
60 c2 = e/2 = 0.5750 m
1  sin 
61 C ah  = 0.490291 c3 = e + a/2 = 1.4000 m
1  sin 
62 c4 = (B - 2e - a)/3 + e + a = 2.3833 m
63 c5 = B - e + e/2 = 4.4250 m
 A B C D E F G H I J K
64 c6 = (B - 2e - a)2/3 + e + a = 3.1167 m
65 c7 = (B - e - a)/2 + e + a = 3.3250 m
66 Given retaining wall dimensions:
67 a= 0.50 m Passive soil pressure:
68 b= 3.00 m h = b= 3.00 m
69 c= 5.00 m 1
70 d= 1.50 m Pph  C ph wh 2 = 137.6735 kN
2
71 e= 1.15 m
h
72 f= 0.75 m y ph 
3
73 Active soil pressure: = 1m
74 h= b+c= 8.00 m Tentative wall base dimension:
1
75 Pah  C ah wh h  2 h ' = 235.3395 kN B= 5.00 m
2
76
h 2  3hh'
77 y ah  = 2.666667 m
3h  2h'
78
79 Check retaining wall stability: wc = 24.00 kN/m³
80 Friction coeff., f = 0.40
81
82 component weights Wi ci RM=Wici
83 W1 = Bdwc = 180.000 2.5000 450.000
84 W2 = e(b - d)ws = 25.875 0.5750 14.878
85 W3 = a(b + c - d)wc = 78.000 1.4000 109.200
86 W4 = (B - 2e - a)(b + c - d)wc/2 = 171.600 2.3833 408.980
87 W5 = (B - 2e - a)(b + c - d)ws/2 = 107.250 4.4250 474.581
88 W6 = e(b + c - d)ws = 112.125 3.1167 349.456
89 W7 = qs(B - e - a) = 0.000 3.3250 0.000
90 ΣWi = 674.850 ΣWici = 1807.096
91
92 Overturning moment: OM Factor of safety against overturning:
93 OM = Pahyah = 627.572 kN-m RM   Wi ci
94 Location of resultant with respect to toe: FS overturning  = 2.87950343515 > 2.00, ok!
OM  Pah y ah
95
RM  OM
96 x = 1.74783 m Factor of safety against sliding:
Rv  Wi
97
B
FS sliding 
 fR
v  f  Wi   Pph
98 e x = 0.75217 m = 1.73202321692 > 1.50, ok!
2 Pah
99
100
101 B/3 = 1.67 m
102 the middle third of the base. No tension will occur on the foundation.
103 Rv  6e 
104
qmax  1  2 
min B B  qmax = 172.222 kPa
105 qmin = 97.71828 kPa
106 qa = 100 kPa
107 qmax>qa.
108
109
110
111
112 0.50
113 Retaining Wall Details qs = 0.00
114
115
116
117
0.75

118 5.00
1.15

119
120
121
122 3.00 1.50
123
124
125 5.00 m