FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN TERENGGANU

KAMPUS BUKIT BESI

DATA ANALYSIS REPORT

BERNOULI’S THEOREM DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENT – DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT DETERMINATION

Group information: Method:

Group No: GROUP 2

Participants:

Name Matrix Number Signature

Date of Commence:

dd/mm/yy
 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN TERENGGANU
KAMPUS BUKIT BESI

1.0 Result

Tables and Figures

Support data and results can be presented most effectively as curves, charts, or tables.
Include tables in the main body of the text. Each table should be numbered consecutively
using Arabic numerals: Table 1, Table 2, etc. Small tabulations or listings may be made in the
text where necessary for continuity. Each table should be titled by giving a brief description
as a heading following the table number at the top. Table tiles are to be located at the top of
the table. Within the table, ditto identical information that appears on several lines. An
example table appears below as Table 1. The Table Number and Table Title appear at the
top of the table. Tables such as these may be generated using the Table function built into
Word or may be generated using Excel and inserted into the Word document.

Table 1: Example Table

Speed Step Data Bits (3-0)

Stop 0000
EStop 0001
Step 1 0010
Step 2 0011
Step 3 0100
Step 4 0101
Step 5 0110
Step 6 0111
Step 7 1000
Step 8 1001
Step 9 1010
Step 10 1011
Step 11 1100
Step 12 1101
Step 13 1110
Step 14 1111

Figures should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals: Figure 1; Figure 2,

etc. Each figure must include a caption which fully identifies what is being illustrated but
reading material on an illustration itself should be kept to a minimum. Portions of illustrations
may be identified by letters and explained in the captions. Whenever feasible, several curves
should be combined on the same coordinates. Their identifying letters or numbers should be
 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN TERENGGANU
KAMPUS BUKIT BESI

in clear spaces between cross lines. [1] Include figures in the body of the text. Each table and
figure shall be introduced in the text before it appears in the paper. Provide a narrative
describing the significance of each figure. The figures may appear as they are introduced in
the text. There is no need for figures to appear only at the top of a page. A figure number
and caption must follow each figure. Center the figure in the page and break the text above
the figure. Resume the text below the figure. Do not wrap the text around the figure. Do not
use “floating graphics.” An example figure appears below.

Figure 1: Example Oscilloscope Trace.

Charts may also be generated from tabular data using Excel and inserted into the

document. Figure 2, shown below, presents an example of such a chart.

 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN TERENGGANU
KAMPUS BUKIT BESI

Model Railroad Power Supply

20
Peak Voltage
16

12
Volts

4
Average Voltage
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Throttle Setting %

Figure 2: Example Chart

2.0 Sample Calculation

A sample is required for this section to demonstrate how your group obtain the desired value.
For example: The Osborne Reynolds experiment needs you to calculate for three distinct
flowrates regimes (laminar, transition, and turbulent), to prove the calculation approach, your
group needs to provide one sample calculation, ex. Laminar flow, for example.

Equations should be numbered consecutively, with the equation number at the right
margin. Mathematical equations shall be displayed using the “Equation Editor” in Microsoft
Word. Mathematical equations shall be formatted using italics for variables and normal
typeface for functions. Use the “Symbol” font for Greek letters. Equations should be set off
from the text of the paper by a space. The equations should be read and punctuated as a part
of the sentence. For example, the definition of the Fourier transform is

X( f ) =
−
 f (t ) exp( − j 2ft)dt . (1)
 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN TERENGGANU
KAMPUS BUKIT BESI

3.0 Discussion

Tips on the Discussion Section

1. Explain your results in terms of theoretical issues.

How well has the theory been illustrated? What are the theoretical implications and practical
applications of your results? For each major result: describe the patterns, principles, and
relationships that your results show, explain how your results relate to expectations, explain
any agreements, contradictions, or exceptions.

2. Relate results to your experimental objective(s).

If you set out to identify an unknown metal by finding its lattice parameter and its atomic
structure, be sure that you have identified the metal and its attributes.

3. Compare expected results with those obtained (laboratory manual and experimental
data).

If there were differences, how can your account for them? Were the instruments able to
measure precisely? Was the sample contaminated? Did calculated values take account of
friction?

4. Analyse experimental error along with the strengths and limitations of the
experiment’s design.

Were any errors avoidable? Were they the result of equipment? If the flaws resulted from the
experiment design, explain how the design might be improved. Consider, as well, the precision
of the instruments that were used.
 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) CAWANGAN TERENGGANU
KAMPUS BUKIT BESI

4.0 References

Cai, W. J. (2006): Antarctic ozone depletion causes an intensification of the Southern Ocean
super-gyre circulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(3): L03712,
10.1029/2005GL024911.

Carton, J. A., S. B. Giese (2006): SODA: A Reanalysis of Ocean Climate. Monthly Weather
Review, submitted.

Church, J., R. Coleman, K. Lambeck, and J. X., Mitrovica, 2004: Estimates of the regional
distribution of sea level rise over the 1950-2000 period. Journal of Climate, 17, 2609-2625.