TRIGONOMETRY

Trig functions – Parameters

 FUNCTIONS
Parabola Exponential
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒃𝒙+𝒑 + 𝒒
Standard form:
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
Turning point form:
Trigonometric
𝒇 𝒙 =𝒂 𝒙+𝒑 𝟐+𝒒
𝑥 −intercept form: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒌 𝒙 + 𝒑 + 𝒒
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 )
Hyperbola 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒌 𝒙 + 𝒑 + 𝒒
𝒂
𝒇 𝒙 = +𝒒
𝒙+𝒑 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝒙 + 𝒑 + 𝒒
 TRIG AND ‘OTHER’ FUNCTIONS
Similarities Differences

• 𝑎 − affects shape • Trig.

• 𝑝 – horizontal Functions are
transl. periodic
• 𝑞- vertical transl.
THE PARAMETERS OF THE TRIG FUNCTIONS
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒌 𝒙 + 𝒑 + 𝒒
• 𝒂: amplitude
(height of mountain, depth of sea)
𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑎=
2
• 𝒌: affects the period (𝑷 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎° 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝒐𝒓 )
𝒌 𝒌
𝑘 is the number of complete waves in
360° 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 , 180°(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡)
• 𝒑: horizontal translation
• 𝒒: vertical translation-
Oscillation line
 GRAPHING THE SINE WAVE
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒌 𝒙 + 𝒑 + 𝒒
• Determine the shape: 𝒂 > 𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝒂 < 𝟎
• Plot the oscillation line (sea level): 𝐲 = 𝒒
• Plot the minima and maxima line: 𝐲 = 𝐪 +
𝒂; 𝐲 = 𝐪 − 𝒂
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
• Determine the period: 𝑷 =
𝒌
𝑷
• Determine the step: 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒑 =
𝟒
• Determine the starting point: −𝒑
• Plot critical values – and graph (egg)
• 𝒂 > 𝟎: 0, max, 0, min, 0 …
• 𝒂 < 𝟎: 0, min, 0, max, 0 …
 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛2(𝑥+30°)−1 IF −90° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
1. Shape: 6. Period:
2. Amplitude: 7. Step:
3. Oscillation line: 8. Starting point:
4. Maxima and 9. Coordinates of
minima lines: 1. 𝑥- intercepts
5. Range: 2. Minima
3. Maxima
4. End points (if
applicable)
10. Graph
 CRITICAL VALUES
y Oscil. Max Oscil. Min Oscil.
-1 2 -1 -4 -1
X 0 45 90 135 180
X- 0-30=-30 45-30=15 90-30=60 135- 180-
30 30=105 30=150
(−30°; −1) (15°; −2) (60°; −1) (135°; −4) (150°; −1)
OR USE CALCULATOR
360°
 Determine the period (𝑃 = )
𝑘
𝑃
 Determine the step (𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 = )
4
 Draw the axes (horizontal shift, ± step till you just
get out of the interval)
 Mode
 Table
 Enter function (distribute 𝑘 into the angle or use
double brackets)
 Start (value just before the lower border of the
interval)
 End (value just after the upper border of the
interval)
 Plot the “pretty” coordinates
 Determine endpoints
 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠3(𝑥 − 10°)+1 IF −30° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 120°

1. Shape: 6. Period:
2. Amplitude: 7. Step:
3. Oscillation line: 8. Starting point:
4. Maxima and 9. Coordinates of
minima lines: 1. 𝑥- intercepts
5. Range: 2. Minima
3. Maxima
4. End points
10. Graph
 PP BOOK A2 QUESTION 5
 The diagram below shows the graphs of 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑥
and 𝑔 𝑥 = cos(𝑥 + 𝑏)