ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST

IN SOCIETY
(CLB 40002)
MINI PROJECT
THE IDEAL COUNTRY
PREPARED BY:
MUHAMMAD JOHAN FAHME BIN JOHARI (55224121124)
ABDUL KARIM BIN SULAIMAN (55224121146)
NUR RABIYATUL ADAWIYAH BINTI AMRAN
(55222121107)
COURSE:
BACHELOR OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY (POLYMER & PROCESS) WITH
HONOURS
LECTURER:
ZAINAL ABIDIN MOHD YUSOF
SUBMISSION DATE:
26 DECEMBER 2021

This report is written in partial fulfilment of the requirements in CLB 40002. The
contents represent the opinion of the group members and not the MICET, UniKL
 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. TITLE PAGES

1 INTRODUCTION 1-2

2 6 RACES IN THE COUNTRY 2-11

3 ENGINEERING ETHICS FOR COUNTRY 12-14

ECONOMICS, SOCIAL AND POLITIC FOR

4 15-20
HANKARA COUNTRY

5 SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT 21-24

6 REFERENCE 25
 INTRODUCTION

HANKARA
Our country's flag is HANKARA, and our country's name is HANKARA. HANKARA
is a Sanskrit word that signifies "serenity." Calmness is a virtue that should be admired and
imitated. This flag was inspired by and made in the country of IRELAND, which has three
stripes on its flag.
Green is the color of justice and tranquility, according to the meaning of this flag's
color. The essence of justice must exist in a country in order for it to develop and differentiate.
To avoid national upheaval, the country must also have gentle qualities. The color white, on
the other hand, is associated with cleanliness, freshness, and simplicity. Cleanliness must be
maintained and conserved in order to retain a country's image and integrity. Then there's blue.
Serenity, stability, inspiration, knowledge, and health are all associated with the hue blue. The
country's stability is critical for establishing relations between the two parties because if the
country is stable, the other party will believe in the country's leadership. The yellow color of
the stars, on the other hand, represents unity and cooperation. Cooperation allows a country to
always progress while also making it more peaceful. Finally, the six stars on the flag have
symbolic importance. There are six races in the country.
A harmonious number of races is required in a developed, peaceful, and diverse
country. There are a variety of races in HANKARA, including Malays, Chinese, Indians,
Kadazandusun, Bajau, and Iban. These races each have their own set of skills. Aside from that,
the total population of HANKARA is 3300 people. The Malay population totals 2000
individuals, with the Chinese and Indian populations each accounting for 500 persons. Each
race has a total of 100 participants for the Kadazandusun, Bajau, and Iban races.

6 RACES IN THE COUNTRY

I. MALAY

The Malays (Malay: Orang Melayu, Jawi: ‫ )أورڠ ماليو‬are an Austronesian ethnic group
originating from eastern Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and the coast of Borneo, as well as the
small islands located between these locations-areas that are collectively known as the Malay
World. These locations today are part of Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Bangka Belitung
Islands, Borneo (Kalimantan) and Riau Islands), the southern part of Thailand (Pattani, Satun,
Songkhla, Yala, and Narathiwat), Singapore and Brunei Darussalam.
There is a great deal of genetic, linguistic, cultural, artistic, and social diversity among
many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of migration and assimilation of
various ethnic and regional tribes in the Southeast Asian Maritime. Historically, the Malay
population originated mainly from the earlier Malay -speaking Austronesian and Austroasian
tribes who founded several ancient maritime trading states and kingdoms, especially Brunei,
Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Malay, and
Srivijaya.
The arrival of the Sultanate of Melaka in the 15th century sparked a major revolution in
Malay history, whose importance lay in its extensive political and cultural heritage. The general
definitive markers of Malayness - Islam, the Malay language, and tradition - are thought to
have been declared in this era, resulting in the ethnogenesis of the Malays as the main
ethnoreligious group in the region. In literature, architecture, culinary traditions, traditional
dress, performing arts, martial arts, and royal palace traditions, Melaka set the standards
emulated by the later Malay sultanates. The golden age of the Malay sultanate in the Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo saw many of its inhabitants, especially from various tribes
such as Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli, and Orang Laut, become subject to Islamization and
Malayization. In the course of history, the term "Malay" has been extended to other ethnic
groups in the "Malay world"; this use is currently largely limited in Malaysia, [18] where
descendants of immigrants from this ethnic group are termed traders (“traders”) and who are
mostly from the Indonesian archipelago such as the Aceh, Banjar, Bugis, Mandailing,
Minangkabau peoples and Javanese.
 Throughout their history, the Malays were known as a coastal trading community with a
fluid cultural character. They absorb, share, and disseminate various cultural features of other
local ethnic groups, such as the Minang and Aceh people. Ethnic Malays are also the main
source of ethnocultural development of Betawi, Banjar, Cape Malay, Chams, Cocos, and Sri
Lankan cultures, as well as the development of Malay trade and creole languages such as
Ambon Malay, Baba Malay, Betawi. and Manado Malays.
Malay is one of the world's major languages and the Austronesian family. Malay variants
and dialects are used as official languages in Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore. The
language is also spoken in Thailand, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Sri Lanka. It is spoken
natively by about 33 million people throughout the Malay Archipelago and used as a second
language by about 220 million.
The oldest form of Malay is derived from the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language spoken
by the earliest Austronesian settlers in Southeast Asia. This form would later develop into Old
Malay when Indian culture and religion began to penetrate the region. Old Malay contains
several terms that survive to this day, but are still incomprehensible to modern speakers, while
modern languages are already widely known in written Classical Malay, which is the oldest
form since 1303 CE. [99] Malay developed widely into Classical Malay through the gradual
entry of Arabic and Persian vocabularies when Islam entered the region. Initially, Classical
Malay was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the origins of the various Malay kingdoms in
Southeast Asia. One of these dialects developed in the literary tradition of the Sultanate of
Melaka in the 15th century eventually became dominant.
Early Malay society was largely animistic, believing in the existence of a spirit (spirit) in
everything. Around the opening of the common era, Hinduism and Buddhism were introduced
by South Asian traders to the Malay Archipelago, where they flourished until the 13th century,
shortly before the advent of Islam brought in by Arab, South Asian and Chinese Muslim
traders.

In the 15th century, orthodox Sunni Islam flourished in the Malay world under the Sultanate
of Malacca. In contrast to Hinduism which changed the early Malay society only superficially,
Islam can be said to have been fully integrated into the daily lives of the people. Since this
time, the Malays have traditionally had a close acquaintance with Islam and they have not
changed their religion since. This identity is so strong that it is said that becoming a Muslim is
entering Malay (entering Malay).
 However, the deeper-rooted previous beliefs, they have defended themselves against the
curse of Islam - and indeed Shiite Islamic mysticism or mysticism has been ingrained among
the Malays, with the spirit of the previous world of animism and some elements of Hinduism.
After the 1970s, the resurgence of Islam (also referred to as re-Islamization) throughout the
Muslim world, many traditions that contradicted Islamic teachings and contained elements of
shirk were abandoned by the Malays. Among these traditions is the safar bath festival (Safar
bath), the festival of bathing to attain spiritual purity, which can be seen to have similar features
to part of the Puja Durga in India.

Many modern Malay ethnicities are Sunni Muslims and the most important Malay festivals
are the original Islamic festivals - Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Hari Raya Aidiladha, Awal Muharram,
and Maulidur Rasul. It is considered apostasy for Malays to leave Islam in Malaysia and
Brunei. However, ethnic Malays living abroad have also legally converted to other religions
under the law.

II. CHINESE

The Chinese or simply Chinese, are people or ethnic groups identified with China, usually
through ethnicity, nationality, nationality, or other combination. The Han Chinese is the largest
ethnic group in China, comprising about 92% of its Mainland population. They make up about
95%, 92%, and 89% of the population of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau respectively better
resources are needed They are also the largest ethnic group in the world, comprising about 18%
of the population of global human beings. Outside of China, the terms “Han Chinese” and
“Chinese” are often combined because those identified or registered as Han Chinese are the
dominant ethnic group in China. There are 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities in China
that may also be known as “Chinese”. People from Taiwan, officially the Republic of China
(ROC), can also be referred to as “Chinese” in a variety of contexts, although they are
commonly referred to as “Taiwanese”. Taiwan’s territory is disputed, and the ROC has limited
recognition of its sovereignty. There is also a vast Chinese diaspora known as Overseas
Chinese.
The Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group in China, is often referred to as “Chinese” or
“ethnic Chinese” in English. The Han Chinese also forms a prominent majority or minority in
other countries, and they comprise about 18% of the global human population. Other ethnic
groups in China include the Zhuang, Hui, Manchu, Uyghur, and Miao, which make up the five
largest ethnic minorities in mainland China, with a population of about 10 million or more. In
addition, Yi, Tujia, Tibet, and Mongols each have populations of between five and ten million.
China, officially the People’s Republic of China (PRC), recognizes 56 indigenous Chinese
ethnic groups. There are also some unknown ethnic groups in China.

III. INDIAN

Indians are citizens and citizens of India, the second-most populous country in the world,
comprising 17.50% of the world’s population. In India, the term “Indian” refers to nationality,
not a particular ethnicity or language; Indian citizenship consists of dozens of regional
ethnolinguistic groups, reflecting the rich and complex history of the region. Due to migration,
the Indian diaspora is found all over the world, especially in other parts of Asia, North America,
Europe, the Caribbean, Oceania, and Africa. The name of the Indian demon is applied to the
citizens of the Republic of India nowadays, but also to people living outside India, called
Overseas Indians; before the secession of India in 1947, the name demon was used for all
citizens residing throughout British India (including what is now known as Pakistan and
Bangladesh). In Canada, the Caribbean, and the United States, the terms Asian Indians and
East Indians are sometimes used to avoid confusion with First Nations in Canada, Caribbean
natives, and Native Americans in the U.S., also known as “Indians”.
India is the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, collectively
known as the Indian religion. The Indian religions, also known as the Dharmik religions, are
the main form of world religion along with the Abrahamic religions. Today, Hinduism and
Buddhism are the third and fourth-largest religions in the world, respectively, with over 1
billion followers in all, and possibly as many as 1.5 or 1.6 billion followers. Throughout the
history of India, religion has been an important part of the culture of the country. Religious
diversity and religious tolerance are both created in the country by law and custom; The Indian
Constitution has declared the right to freedom of religion as a fundamental right. Atheism and
agnostics have a long history in India and flourished in the Śramaṇa movement. The Cārvāka
school originated in India around the 6th century BC and was one of the earliest forms of
materialistic and atheistic movements in ancient India. Sramana, Buddhism, Jainism, Ājīvika,
and some Hindu sects such as Samkhya regard atheism as legitimate and reject the concept.
creator god, ritualism, and the supernatural. [88] [89] [90] India has produced several
prominent atheist politicians and social reformers.

Although about 80% of Indians are Hindus, the country has a large population of
Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Persians and adherents of tribal faiths.
Zoroastrianism and Judaism each have several thousand Indian adherents, and also have an
ancient history in India. India has the largest population of people adhering to Zoroastrianism
and the Bahá’í Faith in the world, although these two religions are not of Indian origin. Many
other world religions also have ties to Indian spirituality, such as the Bahá’í Faith which
recognizes Buddha and Krishna as manifestations of the Almighty God. Despite the strong role
of religion in Indian life, atheism and agnostics also have a visible influence along with self -
imposed tolerance of others. According to the 2012 WIN-Gallup Global Index of Religion and
Atheism report, 81% of Indians are religious, 13% are not religious, 3% are convinced atheists,
and 3% are unsure or unresponsive. Traditionally, Indian people are grouped according to their
caste. It is a system in which social stratification in various social divisions defined by
thousands of endogamous hereditary groups is often called jāti or caste. Within the teak, there
is an exogamous group known as the gotras, descendants, or clans of an individual. Caste
restrictions have mostly been broken in the city but still exist in some form in rural areas. The
majority of the population in most states is Hindu. However, Kashmir and Lakshadweep are
Muslim majority; Nagaland, Mizoram, and Meghalaya are Christian majority and Punjab are
the Sikh majority. Although participants in the Indian census can choose not to declare their
religion, there is no mechanism for a person to indicate that he or she does not profess any
religion. Due to these limitations in the Indian census process, data for people not affiliated
with any religion may be inaccurate. India contains the majority of Hindus, Jains, Sikhs,
Zoroasters and Bahá’ís in the world. Christianity is widespread in Northeast India, the southern
part of India, particularly in Kerala, and among the various populations of Central India.
Muslims are the largest religious minority. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim
population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan. Muslims are the largest religious
minority. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia
and Pakistan.

IV. KADAZANDUSUN

Kadazan-Dusun (also spelled as Kadazandusun or Mamasok Kadazan-Dusun) also less

known as "Mamasok Sabah" are two indigenous people of Sabah, Malaysia — the Kadazan
and Dusun ethnic groups. Kadazandusun is the largest bumiputera group in Sabah. They are
also known as “Mamasok”, which each means “native” or “native”. Most of the Kadazan-
Dusun tribes believe they are descendants of the Nunuk Ragang people. Kadazan-Dusun has
been recognized as an indigenous nation of Borneo with a heritage documented by the United
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) since 2004. Kadazan-
Dusun is also recognized as a Bumiputera group in Sabah who have their own special rights of
land, rivers, to the point of keeping customs. Several organizations have been established to
look after the privileges of Kadazan-Dusun in Malaysia and one of them is, Pertubuhan
Kadazan-Dusun Murut (KDM) Malaysia, or known as Pertubuhan KDM (Organization)
Malaysia based in Donggongon, Penampang, Sabah, Malaysia.
The majority of Kadazandusun are Christians, mainly Roman Catholics and some
Protestants. Islam is also practiced by a growing minority. The influence of English-speaking
missionaries in British North Borneo in the late 19th century, particularly the Mill Hill Catholic
mission, caused Christianity, in its Roman Catholic form, to become popular among the
Kadazan. A small number are from other Christian denominations, such as Anglicanism and
the Evangelical Church of Borneo. Before the missionaries came, animism was the dominant
religion. In practice, this religion is momolianism i.e. two-way communication between the
supernatural spirit world and the material world which is seen to be facilitated by the services
of a category of Kadazan-Dusun people called Bobohizans/Bobolians. The Kadazan belief
system is centered around a spirit or entity called Bambarayon. It revolves around the belief
that spirits control the cultivation and harvesting of rice, a profession that has been practiced
for generations. Special rituals will be performed before and after each harvest by tribal priests
known as Bobohizan.

V. BAJAU

Sama-Bajau refers to several ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Maritime Austronesians.

The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves Sama or Samah
(officially A'a Sama, "Sama people"); or known by the Bajau exonym (/ˈbɑːdʒaʊ, ˈbæ-/, also
spelled Badjao, Bajaw, Badjau, Badjaw, Bajo or Bayao). They usually lead a marine lifestyle
and use small wooden yachts such as boats (sail in Meranau), djenging (balutu), lepa, and vinta
(pilang). Several Sama-Bajau groups from Sabah are also famous for their traditional horse
culture. The Sama-Bajau are the dominant ethnic group in the Tawi-Tawi islands of the
Philippines. They are also found on other islands in the Sulu Islands, the coastal region of
Mindanao, northern and eastern Borneo, Sulawesi, and throughout the eastern islands of
Indonesia. In the Philippines, they are grouped with Moro people who are similar in religion.
Over the past fifty years, many Sama-Bajau Filipinos have migrated to neighboring Sabah and
the northern Philippine archipelago, due to the conflict in Mindanao. As of 2010, they are the
second-largest ethnic group in Sabah. The Sama-Bajau are the dominant ethnic group in the
Tawi-Tawi islands of the Philippines. They are also found on other islands in the Sulu Islands,
the coastal region of Mindanao, northern and eastern Borneo, Sulawesi, and throughout the
eastern islands of Indonesia. In the Philippines, they are grouped with Moro people who are
similar in religion. Over the past fifty years, many Sama-Bajau Filipinos have migrated to
neighboring Sabah and the northern Philippine archipelago, due to the conflict in Mindanao.
As of 2010, they are the second-largest ethnic group in Sabah.
The Sama-Bajau speak about ten languages from the Sama-Bajau subgroup of the Malayo-
Western Polynesian language family. Sinama is the most common name for these languages,
but they are also called Bajau, especially in Malaysia. Most Sama-Bajau can speak multiple
languages. The Sama-Bajau languages were once classified under the Central Filipino language
of the Malayo-Polynesian geographical group of the Austronesian language family. But due to
significant differences with neighboring languages, they were moved to a completely separate
branch from all other Filipino languages. For example, the pronunciation of Sinama is quite
different from nearby Central Filipino languages such as Tausūg and Tagalog. Instead, the
main stress is usually on the final syllable; the main stress occurs on the second to last syllables
of words in Sinama. This major stress placement is similar to Manobo and other languages for
Mindanao’s mostly animistic ethnic group, the Lumad people. Religion can vary among Sama-
Bajau subgroups; from adherence to Sunni Islam, a form of folk Islam (itself influenced by the
Sufi tradition of early Islamic missionaries), to animistic belief in spirits and ancestral worship.
There are a small number of Catholics and Protestants, mainly from Davao del Sur in the
Philippines.
VI. IBAN

The Dayak Iban people are the oldest people on the island of Borneo. According to a
study by Chinese experts who studied the human genomes of tribes in Asia, the Ibans are
believed to be the first people to migrate to ISEA in ancient times. In fact, the results of a
study on a 50,000 -year -old Deep Skull in Niah Cave Sarawak, Malaysia; have been
confirmed similarly to the Ibans in Borneo itself. According to oral history, the formation
and development of the social culture of the Iban community in particular or ethnic
Austronesians generally took place during the Austronesian heyday in the Panggau Libau
Kingdom in Tampun Juah, before the Iban, Bidayuh, Ot Danum fan Ngaju, and other
countries split into several sub-tribes. existing sub-tribes. During the British occupation of
Sarawak and the Dutch in West Kalimantan, the Ibans were previously known as Dayak
Laut.
The name “Dayak Laut” to the Iban people is due to the presence of the Iban people in
the ocean in the 17th to 19th centuries in the South China Sea. European maritime society
as the "Vikings of the East Sea" and "King of the Sea of Borneo". The Ibans or Dayak Laut
are a branch of the Dayak people on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Dayak is a title
given by westerners to the locals of the island of Borneo. [Citation needed] It is believed
that the term “Iban” was originally an exonym used by the Kayan people, who - when they
first came in contact with them - referred to the Dayak Laut in the upper reaches of the
Rajang River as “Hivan”.
According to myths and legends, they historically originated from the Kapuas river in
Borneo but in Indonesia. They slowly moved to Sarawak due to tribal indifference. Some
of these tribes managed to settle in the Sri Aman River basin. During the period of personal
rule by James Brooke, these tribes moved further inland to Sarawak and conflicted with
many local tribes there. The Ibans are notorious for practicing head-hunting and territorial
migration and have a formidable reputation as a strong and successful tribe at war. Since
the arrival of Europeans and subsequent colonization of the area, headhunting has gradually
disappeared from practice, although many customs and practices of other tribes, as well as
the Iban language, continue to flourish. The Iban population is concentrated in the state of
Sarawak in Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia's West Kalimantan region. They traditionally
live in longhouses called rumah panjai or betang (trunk) in West Kalimantan.
 ENGINEERING ETHICS FOR COUNTRY

Engineering ethics is the field of a system of moral principles applied to engineering

practice. This field examines and assigns obligations by engineers to society, to their
customers, and to the profession. As a scientific discipline, it is closely related to subjects such
as philosophy of science, philosophy of engineering, and ethics of technology.

• ENGINEERS MUST HOLD PARAMOUNT THE SAFETY, HEALTH, AND WELFARE

OF THE PUBLIC AND PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PERFORMANCE OF
THEIR PROFESSIONAL DUTIES.

AIChE engineers need to take into account and care about the safety, health, and welfare
of the public for the reputation of the company and the reputation of the engineers themselves.
If we do not take care of these aspects, it is likely that the company’s name will be bad and the
reputation of the company as well as engineers themselves will deteriorate and decline.

The judgments of NSPE engineers are rejected and opposed in circumstances that are
extremely endangering the lives or property they possess. Thus they must inform their
superiors, employers, or anyone concerned, to obtain their rights as engineers. Engineers must
not assist or abet the illegal engineering practices of any person or firm. A good engineer is an
engineer who obeys the law and sets an example for other engineers.

ASME engineers shall not approve or circumvent plans and or specifications that are
not designed safe for public health and welfare and comply with accepted engineering
standards. Engineers need to check the plan/specifications properly to avoid accidents. Once
the professional judgment of the engineer has been decided in a situation where the safety,
health, and welfare of the public is threatened, the Engineer shall inform the customer and/or
their employer of the possible consequences.
• ENGINEERS MUST ISSUE PUBLIC STATEMENTS ONLY IN OBJECTIVES AND
TRUTHFUL MANNER

AIChE engineers may not issue statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical

matters inspired or paid for by interested parties unless they have preceded their comments by
clearly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they speak, and by disclosing the
existence of any engineer interests there may be in the matter. Engineers shall be truthful in
explaining their work and merit and shall avoid any act tending to promote their own interest
at the expense of the integrity and honor of the profession or another individual.

ASME Engineers shall be objective and honest in their reports, statements, or

professional evidence. They shall include all relevant and relevant information in such report,
statement, or evidence, which shall contain a date indicating when it is most recent. Engineers
shall endeavor to extend public knowledge and to prevent misunderstandings of the
achievements of engineering.

Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or

testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements,
or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was current. Engineers may express
publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in
the subject matter.

• ENGINEERS MUST PERFORM PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ONLY IN AREAS OF

THEIR COMPETENCE

AIChE engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination
of an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project, provided
that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified engineers who prepared
the segment. Engineers must adopt a professional attitude and be an example to everyone.

ASME engineers shall undertake to perform engineering assignments only when

qualified by education and/or experience in the specific technical field of engineering involved.
Engineers may accept an assignment requiring education and/or experience outside of their
own fields of competence, but their services shall be restricted to other phases of the project in
which they are qualified. All other phases of such project shall be performed by qualified
associates, consultants, or employees.

NSPE engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with
the subject matter in which they lack competence, nor to any plan or document not prepared
under their direction and control. Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified
by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved.
 ECONOMICS, SOCIAL AND POLITIC OF HANKARA COUNTRY

ECONOMICS
Hankara is the best country to be occupied. It has seven parts in the map and for the first
is factory area and power supply. Then continue with the second one that is housing, mall,
health and safety facilities. Third is continue with Agricultural areas. Then are Tourist area.
Then continue with Mangrove hill area and leisure place. Then Central city / government and
lastly is Transportation.

I. FACTORY AREAS AND POWER SUPPLY

Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during the Industrial Revolution,
when the capital and space requirements became too great for cottage industry or workshops.
There can see that factory area and power supply is important for a country. For Hankara
country, we can see many benefits when developing factory area and power supply.
One of its factory advantages is that it may provide locals with employment possibilities.
It is clear that the possibility to earn money has a lot of potential in this country. Because
Hankara nation exclusively hires locals to work in the factory. In this case, foreigners are not
permitted to work in this country. That implies there are plenty of career options for locals to
survive a living in this country. Furthermore, having a factory might bring advantages to the
country, such as the ability to save money by not having to order products from other countries.
As can be seen in the maps, having a factory near the sea has various advantages, such as
making it easier to import and export products. There is no need to utilize a vehicle to transport
the cargo to the port. It can also save money on transportation.
For the power supply, it can be seen that it is located next to the factory and close to other
facilities. It is capable of supplying electric current to all locations in Hankara nation for their
everyday job activities. It can be shown that having a manufacturing and electricity supply in
the nation have benefits to many people in Hankara nation.

I. HOUSING, MALL, HEALTH AND SAFETY FACILITIES

It is cannot deny that home is also important in a country. In addition to providing a place
to stay, the house is also a place where we take refuge from all kinds of animals, rain and heat.
For in Hankara country, we will make sure every family has their own home. The area of the
house that is built is very strategic because it is close to access to anywhere such as factories,
malls and even the city centre. In addition, it is also close to the sea and gardens. So happy for
us to get food to survive. The house also makes a place to create warmth between family
members by eating or watching television together. With the construction of houses in the area,
it greatly simplifies our affairs.
Health is also important in the country. Hospital where the patient receives self -
rehabilitative treatment from a doctor, medical assistant, nurse, midwife or other health worker.
This place is bigger than a polyclinic, clinic or even a rural clinic. These hospitals provide
services and treatment to the general public without disease or degree. As we can see in map,
the hospital is near with the mall, housing, factory. It is easily to everyone to access in this
Hankara hospital. If there is an emergency, at least it's close to where we can go to the hospital.

II. AGRICULTURAL AREAS

The agricultural sector has contributed to the development of the Hankara economy,
particularly during the post-independence era, when agriculture was the primary source of
income for the majority of the population. However, as the country develops and progresses,
the agricultural sector becomes increasingly marginalized. In reality, the agriculture industry
provides several advantages to humans. Agricultural activities in Hankara can provide food for
all Hankara residents. That implies there's no need to import food from another country.

III. HILL AND LEISURE PLACES

The hill region near Hankara is really intriguing. One of them is the possibility of it being
a logging area. The Hankara forest provides rich timber such as merbau, meranti, cengal, and
other forest products such as rattan and bamboo, especially in the highlands. The next step is
to use it as a tourist destination, such as the Fraser Hill region. Apart from it, there is also Niah
Cave, a limestone cave that is used as a tourist attraction. Hankara also has a temperate crop
agricultural region in Hankara hill, which includes tea, flowers, vegetables, and fruits. The hill
also provides easy access to the property. As we can see, beside the hill there have leasure place
that provide free for residents Hankara.
IV. TOURISM AREAS
The international tourism map is already eye-opening, with Hankara listed as one of the
most intriguing tourist sites to visit. Hankara has become a tourist attraction for both
international and local visitors. The number of foreign visitors visiting each year is steadily
growing. In this respect, the government and commercial sector are constantly promoting
Hankara across the world, especially in China, European nations, the United States, and the
Middle East, in order to accelerate its growth. This endeavor aims to give travelers with more
accurate information on tourism products and services. Attractive scenery, a range of
distinctive arts and cultural performances, and sports tourism are among Malaysia's tourism
goods. This explains why efforts to improve the tourist industry help a country in several ways.
Tourism also expands the sector's job prospects. Tourism is one of the businesses that need a
large workforce, including hotel employees, tour guides, souvenir shop employees, and
handicraft store employees. The positive growth of our country's tourist sector has raised the
demand for qualified and experienced workforce at the management and supervisory levels, as
well as skilled and semi-skilled workers. Furthermore, the tourist industry gives people with
networked business options. The growth of this business is intertwined with the growth of other
industries such as transportation, food and beverage, handicrafts, and agriculture. This has the
potential to lower our country's unemployment rate. The people's living standards will likewise
rise at the same time.
Tourism has proven to bring various benefits to the development of the country. All
parties need to work together to ensure that the country's dream of becoming a major tourist
destination in the world and the region continues to thrive. The government in particular should
always redouble its efforts to promote Hankara regularly so that the country of Hankara will
be better known. In addition, tourism is also able to generate the country's economy. Therefore,
we hope that the country's goal to continue to be an international tourism destination will
continue. it is clear that tourism is a very important industry for both the short term as well as
the long term.
V. CENTRAL CITY / GOVERNMENT
As can see in the map, Hankara have a central city or government that is middle of the
Hankara country. As a central city, Hankara is a planned city which functions as the
administrative capital and the judicial capital. An urban settlement in the country has a variety
of functions. The function of a city is based on the form of economic, social and political
activities found in a settlement. There are cities in the state of Hankara that serve as
administrative centres. The city is usually the main city or state capital. The business and trade
centre are one of the functions of urban settlements in the country. In the city there are
department stores, financial services centres as well as import and export activities. The
diversity of economic activities available in the city has created many employment
opportunities for its residents. The rate of wages given is much higher than in rural areas. This
situation allows working residents in the city to improve their standard of living through the
income earned.

VI. TRANSPORTATIONS
In Hankara country, we can see that have a place for transportation such as Aeroplan,
ship, bus and grab. As can see in the map, the place is near to the sea because easily to import
and export product. For shipping, the advantages of sea transport are plentiful in today’s
globalized shipping industry. It’s easier than ever to connect goods between ports-of-call using
one of the world’s oldest methods of transporting items across long distances. When it comes
to planning your next big move or arranging transport for larger personal belongings, all
country can’t beat Hankara sea transportation.
As can see, the airplane transportation in Hankara have benefit that is comfort. Although
many airline seats are cramped and crowded, airlines are often more comfortable than some of
the alternatives. They offer a controlled climate at a comfortable temperature and reclining
seats, both of which are absent from many buses. Airplanes also generally give passengers the
chance to stretch their legs during the trip and often provide free beverages. First-class and
business-class accommodations include large, premium seating, high-quality complimentary
meals and other amenities.
SOCIAL
Hankara has a rich cultural life, much of which revolves around the traditional festivities
of its diverse population. The major Muslim holidays are Hari Raya Puasa or Aidilfitri that is
to celebrate the end of the fasting month of ramadan, and Hari Raya Haji or Aidiladha that is
to celebrate the culmination of the season of pilgrimage to Mecca. Buddhists honour the life of
the Buddha on Hari Wesak, and Chinese celebrate Chinese New Year. Deepavali, a Hindu
festival of lights spanning several days, is observed by many Indian Hankara, while Christmas
is the principal holiday of the Christian community. On most of these holidays, it is customary
to host an open house, where guests are treated to Malaysian delicacies and hospitality. A
holiday that spans all ethnic groups and religions is National Day, a celebration of Hankara
independence on August 31.
Beyond the official holidays and other religious festivities, important life events such as
birth, circumcision that is for young Muslim men, and marriage are usually celebrated by a
feast, known in Malay as kenduri. The wedding ceremony is generally the most important and
elaborate of such events among both Malay and non-Malay peoples. In rural areas the kenduri
is normally held at the house of the host family, while in urban areas the feast often takes place
in a large hall or hotel.
Hankara cuisines reflect the mixture of ethnic groups in the country’s population. The
three most prominent cuisines are Chinese, Indian, and Malay. Popular Chinese foods include
sweet-and-sour Cantonese dishes and a milder favourite, Hainanese chicken rice. Indian
cuisine ranges from the hot vegetarian dishes of southern Indian cooking to the more subtly
spiced Muslim Indian food to the yogurt-marinated meats of tandoori cookery from northern
India. All these foods, while recognizably Chinese or Indian, have developed a distinctly
Hankara character. Traditional Malay cuisine consists of white rice served with various curries
and fried dishes. Satay, small skewers of chicken or beef dipped in spicy bean gravy, fried rice,
and nasi lemak, which is coconut rice served with fried anchovies, peanuts and curry dishes,
are among the most common Malay foods. Noodles, cooked and served in a variety of styles,
are also a local favourite.
POLITICS
Politics of Hankara takes place in the framework of a federal representative democratic
constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and the Prime
Minister of Hankara is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal
government and the state governments. Legislative power is vested in the federal parliament
and the state assemblies. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature,
though the executive maintains a certain level of influence in the appointment of judges to the
courts.
The Hankara Constitution has been formalized, and the government follows the
Westminster model. The Executive, Judicial, and Legislative departments of the Hankara
government are designated by the Federal Constitution as the three branches of the
administrative component of the Hankara government. In the meanwhile, the Dewan Negara
and the Dewan Rakyat make up Parliament.
Hankara has had a multi-party system since the first direct election of the Federal
Legislative Council of Hankara. The ruling party was the Alliance Party. its successor, the
National Front coalition. Together with its predecessor, the Barisan Nasional government
served for world's longest serving governments. Early organized political movements in
Hankara were organized along regional and ethnic groups and were not political parties in the
modern sense. They generally were loose alliances of interest groups and individuals primarily
concerned with social welfare, social progress and religious reform among the Muslim Malay
communities similar to interest groups and civil society organizations of today.
 SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Safety was defined as a thing is safe if its risks are judges to be acceptable by William
W Lowrance. An instance, we grossly overestimate risk of something like we know
consumption of carbonated beverages can caused cancer for 5% of world’s cancer patient, so
we start worrying and considering carbonated drinks as poisonous drink. In this case, according
to Lowrance definition, the carbonated drink become unsafe the moment we judge the risk of
using it unacceptable for us. Another example is a group of people makes no judgement at all
about some risks of thing are acceptable or not. Therefore, if they using of certain product
brands are considered safe, the others might see differ as stated earlier by Lowrance where this
thing is neither safe nor unsafe with respect to that group itself. Safety usually expressed in
term of degree and comparisons. Word like fairly-safe and relatively-safe used where
individual judged on basis of settled values and it is decided that the risks of anything are more
or less acceptable in comparison with risk of other thing. For example, road travel is safer than
air-travel.
According to William D Rowe, risk can be defined as potential for the realization of
unwanted consequences from impending event. Any work that might lead to harm us and not
considered safe can be understood as a risk. When it comes to technology, risks can include
dangers of economic loss or environmental degradation. These caused delayed to completing
job, product faulty or economically and environmentally injuries solution to technological
problems. With advancement in technology, people nowadays aware all process and
understood risk can be identified. The acceptance of risk depends the types of risks such as
voluntary and involuntary risk, short term and long-term consequences, expected probability,
reversible effects, threshold level for risk and delayed or immediate risk.
Risk assessment is identification of hazard that could negatively impact an organization’s
ability to conduct business. These assessment help to identify inherent business risks and
provide measures, processes and controls to reduce the impact of risk to business operation.
There are five general risk assessment steps to follow by company regardless for their business
type or industry. Firstly, identify any potential hazard that might occur, negatively influence
the organization’s ability to conduct business. The potential hazard that needs to consider
including natural disasters, utility outages, cyberattacks and power failure. Next, determine
which business assets influenced if risk came. These business assets hazard is critical
infrastructure, IT system, business operations, company reputation and employee safety. Then,
identify the risk and develop control measures that can be put place to minimize or eliminate
the effect of these hazard on business assets. The potential hazard includes property damage,
business interruption, financial loss and legal penalties. The risk assessment findings should be
recorded by the company and filed to easily accessible in official document. The record must
include the detail on potential hazard, associated risk and plan to prevent the hazard from
happening. Lastly, it is important for company to review and update their risk assessment
regularly as changes happen rapidly in modern business environment, thus the company should
always aware with their risk assessment from time to time.
The goal of risk assessment might be vary based on industry, business type and relevant
compliance rules. Common goals and objective in conducting risk assessment are developing
a risk profile that provide quantitative analysis of type of threats the organization faces, develop
an accurate inventory of IT assets and data assets. Identifying, prioritizing and documenting
risks, threats and known vulnerabilities to organization’s production infrastructure and assets
also understanding the return on investment, if funds are invested in infrastructure or other
business assets to offset potential risk. However, the ultimate goals of risk assessment process
are to evaluate hazard and determine the inherent risk created by those hazards. The assessment
should also identify potential control measures to offset any negative impact on organization’s
business processes or assets.
Safety index represents the percentage of project construction plus right-of-way costs
that returned to the motorist as saving in cost of prevented accident. If the country has high
safety index, it is considered very safe location while the low safety index indicates the country
might be unsafe and dangerous place. The Global Peace Index (GPI) ranks the safest countries
in the world. The report published annually to peace as a positive, achievable and tangible
measure of human wellbeing and progress. The factors affected the ranks are ongoing
international and domestic conflict, level of society safety and security also degree of
militarization of country. Based on these factors, a score calculated for each nation featured in
the report.
As for this country, the safety index indicates at score of 85.55% which can be observed
as safe country. We already installed surveillance cameras around the town and any area that
possible to be dangerous locations to helps the authorities to minimize any unwanted cases and
prevent accident from happening in this country. The police team help to maintain the law and
regulation in the country and protecting members of public and their property. The team also
help to improve the quality life for all citizens in the country. The fireman responsible to any
coming emergency immediately. They have protected locals and their property from any nature
disaster or unwanted accident. The fireman also saving lives and provides emergency medical
assistance when there is any accident happen. In the other hand, the military is a discipline
force that also help to maintain law and order in the country. The military work directly with
government central and they operate confinement facilities. They also engage in combat to
cover each of the town and make sure the safety of public and this country.
In our country, we already make the main road less intersection or crossroad in order to
prevent people from violate traffic rules. There also limit time on the road where public need
to clear the road by 12 midnight as no operation of any business allowed after that time. The
only vehicles that allowed to be on the road during that time is any container lorry and supply
tank that need to deliver product to customer or supplying material for the factories. All citizen
needs to pay monthly taxes that used for maintenance of road. This ensures the safety and the
facilities in this country in good condition.
The factories sector needs to ensure that their business is registered with government as
they need to follow rules and regulation that have been assigned for factories to ensure the
safety of public and environment. The factories need to declare their product and make sure
their waste product that produce in factory is disposed correctly without releasing to main water
supply or to the environment. Every factory also needs to assigned with safety department such
as firefighter about the safety regulation in the factory. All the equipment in the factory must
follow the act and regulation from OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Association). All
fire extinguisher in the factory must follow the right type so that if any emergency case related
to fire or chemical, we can decrease any further accident.
Crime index is estimation of overall level of crime in city or country. The index provides
specific list of crimes that measured each year and reported. Not all crimes are included on the
index, there are eight primary crimes that data collected for and reported. The crimes are
divided into two categories which are violent crime and property related crime. These crimes
are including murder, forcible rape, robbery and motor vehicle theft. The crime index uses a
scale of 1 indicate the safest to 10 indicating most dangerous location. For this country, the
crime index reported at 10.92% where the scale shown at 2. This shown that this country
considered as the safest place.
In residential areas, there are few guards at each of entrance of the area to make sure that
the safety of residents can be protected. By having the guard in each of main entrance and also
monitoring the neighbourhood, the crime in this country was at minimal cases. Other than that,
every house also has a communication system that directly with the guard house. This will help
the house owners to call the guard immediately if there any robbery and emergency case
happens. Each of houses also were installed with security cameras that connected to the police
station directly to prevent any robbery and kidnapping in residential area. If anything, happen
in the area, policeman can directly access the security camera recording to find any weird or
unusual situation at the house.
As conclusion, safety and risk assessment is important in every country because it help the
government and the authorities identify and analyse problem that might be facing in the future.
With risk assessment step and rules regulation that have been set by the government, accident
or any unwanted situation can be prevent earlier also any water, air, noise and environmental
pollution can be avoided and safety of citizen in the country always being prioritize. The
responsible authorities like police, firefighter also military are important organization that need
to maintain safety and peaceful condition of our country.
Hankara country might not be perfect all-in like other country yet we try our best to
serve the country and make the citizen lives in peaceful and beautiful scenery of Hankara
country. In future, maybe there will be more infrastructure as entertainment for kids and
attraction for tourist to come into Hankara country. There a few places that in future to be plan
to build in Hankara country such as railway station, mini zoo, underwater world museum and
building for residential and supermarket in town.
 REFERENCE

Malaysia - Daily life and social customs. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Malaysia/Daily-life-and-social-customs
Wikipedia contributors. (2021, December 23). Politics of Malaysia. Wikipedia.
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Felton-Busch, C. (2009). Birthing on country: an elusive ideal. Contemporary Nurse, 33(2),
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AIChE Code of Ethics. Retrieved on 15 December 2021 at
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NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers. Retrieved on 12 December 2021 at
https://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics
Engineering Ethics – Responsibility for Safety.
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The Safety Index: A Method of Evaluating and Rating Safety Benefits. THOMAS N.
TAMBURRI and RICHARD N. SMITH, California Division of Highways
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