-TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOMBASA

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS FOR:
BSc. Mechanical Engineering
EMC{ 4426 : HEAT TRANSFER II
Instruction to Candidates:
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS.

ALL CATS AND ASSIGNMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED BY 10 TH DECEMBER 2023

ASSIGNMENT ONE : : HEAT TRANSFER II ( 100 Marks)

Question ONE (30 Marks)

Discuss briefly the following dimensionless numbers and their importance in heat transfer
processes ( 30 Marks)
(i) Reynolds number ( Re) ( 4 Marks)
(ii) Prandtl number ( 4 Marks)
(iii) Nusselt number ( Nu) .. ( i4 Marks)
(iv) Stanton number( St)……………………………………………………………………………..( 5 Marks)
(v) Peciet number ( Pe)……………………………………………………………………………….( 5 Marks)
(vi) Graetz number ( G)…………………………………………………………………………….( 4 Marks)
(vii) Grashoff number (Gr)…………………………………………………………………………( 4 Marks)

Question TWO (24 Marks)

a) The discharge through an orifice depends on the diameter of the orifice D, head H over
an orifice, density of the liquid ,Velocity of the fluid(V), Using dimensionless
analysis,determine:- ( 12 Marks)
(i) Expression of Discharge (6Marks)
(ii) Find the dimensionless parameters on which the discharge coefficient of an
orifice metre depend on
(6 Marks)
b) A 1:20 model of flying boat is towed through water .The prototype is moving through
sea water whose density 1024kg/ at a velocity of 15m/s determine :- ( 12 Marks)
(i) The corresponding speed of the model (6 Marks)

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 (ii) The resistance due to wave on the model if the resistance due
to wave of the prototype is =500N ( 6 Marks)

Question TWO 23 Marks)

a) A spillway model is build to a geometrically similar scale of 1:50 a cross flume of 75cm
width. The prototype is 30 m high and maximum head on it is expected to be
3m.Determine:-

( 11 Marks)
I. Height model to be used (3 Marks)
II. Head of the model to be used ( 3 Marks)
III. If the flow over the model at a particular head is 10 litres /s , determine the expected
flow per minute length of the proto type ( 5 Marks)
IV. If the negative pressure in the model is 150mmwhat is the negative pressure in the
prototype (4 Marks)
V. Isitpracticable ( 3 Mark)

b) shape model of a scale 1 to 50 is towed through sea water at a speed of 0.75m/s .A force
of3N is required to tow the model and the ship is subjected to wave resistance, determine.
7Marks)
(I) The speed of the ship (4 Marks)
(II) Propulsion force of the ship (3 Marks)

Question THREE (23 Marks)

(iii) A 1:75 model of an ocean tank is dragged through fresh water at 3m/s with a total
measured drag of 25N.The friction drag coefficient ‘f’ for the model and prototype is 0.03
and 0.02 respectively in the equation
. The wetted surface area of the perimeter 20metre squared. Given the density
of sea water and fresh water to be 1024 kg per metre cubed and 1000 permetre cubed ,
determine :- ( 14 Marks)
I) Total drag on the proto type ( 8 Marks)
(II) Powere required to drive the proto type (6Marks)
and acceleration due to gravity g,.
(III)Find an expression of the force using dimensionless analysis ( 9 Marks)

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 CAT TWO: : HEAT TRANSFER II- (60 Marks)

Question ONE (24 Marks)

a) A refrigerated truck is moving on highway at 95km/hr in a deseart area where the ambient
temperature is 50 degrees centigrade .The body of the truck may be considered as a
rectangular box measuring 10 metre length, by 4m width by 3 m height..Assume the
boundary layer on the four walls is turbulence the heat transfer takes place only from the
four surfaces and the wall surface of the truck is maintained at 10 degrees centigrade,
.Neglecting heat transfer from the front and the buck and assuming the flow to be parallel
to 10 m long side, determine the following ( 14 Marks)
(i) The heat loss from the four surfaces ( 10 Marks)
(ii) The tonnage of refrigeration ( 4 Marks0 )
(iii) The power required to overcome the resistance acting on the four
surfaces

The properties of air at 30 degrees centigrade are :-

K=0.0.02673w/ /s Pr =0.701,
, , =1.005kj/kg NB=1TR=-14000KJ/H

b) In a straight tube of 50mm diameter,water is flowing at velocity of 15m/s .The tube

surface temperature is measured at 60 degrees centigrade and the flowing water is heated
from the inlet temperature 15 degrees centigrade to an outlet temperature of 45 degrees
centigrade , determine the following :- ( 10 Marks)
(i) The heat transfer coefficient from the tube surface to the water and ( 6 Marks)
(ii) The length of the tube ( 4 Marks)

Question TWO (36 Marks)

a) A 0.05kg/s of hot air flows through an un insulated shell metal duct of 150mm
diameter.The air enters the duct at a temperature of 105 degrees centigrade and after
a distance of 5m gets cooled to a temperature of 80 degrees centigrade. If the transfer
coefficient between the outer surface of the duct and cold ambient air at 5 degrees

(i)
(ii)

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 b)

(i)
(ii) ( 5 Marks)
(iii)
For 10 Nu=0.44
For 1000 Nu=0.22

The thermo physical properties are evaluated at at 30 degrees centigrade and are given us
K=0.02673w/ /s

ASSIGNMENT TWO : : HEAT TRANSFER II ( 80 Marks)

Question ONE ( 30 Marks)

a) A Square channel of side 15 mm and length 2m in heat transfer problem carries water at a
velocity of 6m/s. The mean temperature of the water a long the length of the channel is
found to be 30 degrees centigrade while the inner surface temperature is 70 degrees
centigrade. Calculate heat transfer coefficient from channel wall to the water. Use the
correlation
̅̅̅̅=0.021 ( ( )

the bulk temperature except

Prs and Pr is evaluated at the channel syrface temperatures .Take equivalent
temperature as chacteristic length of the channel. The thermophysical properties of
watwer
At 30 degrees centigrade are ( 15 Marks)

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K=0.6175w/ /s Pr =5.72, Prs at 70 degrees centigrade = 2.55
b) A 2-m-square vertical plate is maintained at 85◦C and is exposed to atmospheric air at
25◦C. Compare the free-convection heat transfer from this plate with that which would
result from forcing air over the plate at a velocity equal to the maximum velocity that
occurs in the free-convection boundary layer. Discuss this comparison. ( 15 Marks)

Question TWO (20 Marks)

a) A castor oil at 30 degrees centigrade , flows at a velocity of 0.08m/s past a flat plate.,
in certain process..If the plate is 5 m long and is maintained at surface temperature of
90 degrees centigrade .Calculate the following using exact solutions

(i) The hydrodynamic and thermal bounadary layer thickness on one side of the plate
( 10 Marks)
(ii) The total drag force per unit width on one side of the plate ( 5 Marks)
(iii) The local heat transfer coefficient at the trailing edge ……… ( 5 Marks)
(iv) The heat transfer rate

K=0.213w/ /s Pr =5.72, Prs at 70 degrees centigrade = 2.55

Question THREE ( 30 Marks)

a) Air at 30 degrees centigrade and at atmospheric pressure flows at a velocity of

4m/s past a flat plate with a sharp leading edge .The entire plate is maintained at a
temperature of 50 degrees centigrade. Assuming that the transition occurs at
acritical Reynolds number of 500000.
(i)Find the distance from the leading edge at which the flow in the boundary layer
changes from laminar to turbulent. ( 8 Marks)

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 At the location, determine the following :-
(iii) Thickness of hydrodynamic layer (4 Marks)
(iv) Thickness of Thermal boundary layer ( 4 Marks)
(v) Local and convective heat transfer coefficients ( 6 Marks)
(vi) Heat transfer rate from both sides for unit width of the plate
( 8 Marks)

(v) Mass entrainment in the boundary layer

(vi) The skin friction coefficient
Assume cubic velocity profile and appxoimate metod
Thermophysical prooerties of air at mean film temperature =(50+60)/2=40 degrees
centigrade are :-
of air at mean film temperature =(50+60)/2=40
degrees centigrade are :-

K=0.02755w/ /s Pr =0.6999

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